M1

1. As what the lesson has said, the use of language is just one of the ways to communicate
with one another. An example of it is when one of your friends is in an uncomfortable
situation wherein the person she's currently talking to is saying things she's not
comfortable with, you'll see her looking at you with a familiar gaze. She'll start to tap her
fingers subtly and look everywhere except to the eyes of whomever she's talking to.
Since you were friends with her for a long time, you'll notice quickly what she is trying to
say — she's getting anxious with the conversation they're having. As a result, you'll
excuse yourself and your friend to get her out of that awkward situation. That was an
example of communicating without the help of language. Your friend asked for your help
without directly saying it, and it was enough for you to excuse the both of you from that
situation.

2. The interrelation of symbol, thought, and referent is simple. Those three are the
elements in the model of communication called the "triangle of meaning". At the top is
the thought, which is the concept or idea a person references. Even though it can be
misleading in this process, this contributes to the expression the reader is about to do
after they recognize the symbol. The symbol is the word that represents the thought, it is
the most straightforward. It is located on the leftmost point of the triangle. And the
referent, the last apex of the triangle, is the object or idea to which the symbol refers. It is
whatever things, events, or situations in the world the symbols are about.

3. connotation and denotation

a. home
i. denotation - just a name of structure
ii. connotation - a nation, a place of warmth, comfort, and affection.
b. dry
i. denotation - lack of moisture; being dry or damp
ii. connotation - being boring or dull.
c. basic
i. denotation - essential foundation or starting point; fundamental
ii. connotation - mainstream or unoriginal
d. cheap
i. denotation - low in price
ii. connotation - low quality
e. slick
i. denotation - done or operating in an impressively smooth, efficient, and
apparently effortless way.
ii. connotation - clever or sly person
4. Give at least two situations where sentence meaning and utterance or speaker meaning
will be explained well.
 When a person stated his opinion in a sarcastic manner and the other person
understood it quickly, it meant that the utterance of the speaker made what he wanted to
say clear despite the literal meaning of their sentence.

"Aren't you really great at playing online games? That must be why you can't even fix
your own clothes." Due to his Mom's sarcastic tone, Gary turned off his computer and
gathered his scattered clothes on the floor.

A teacher said to her student, "Would you mind getting that book for me." The student
then stopped reading and got it for her. The statement inquired whether the student
would mind doing something, the teacher meant "get it".

M2
1. onomatopoeia
a. tigidig - gallops
b. sitsit - a sound used when you call someone
c. tiktilaok - cock a doodle doo
d. drizzle - light rain falling in very fine drops
e. cliché - a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought
f. chatter - talk rapidly or incessantly about trivial matters
2. Cite 3 samples of idiomatic expressions that you frequently hear with your friends, family
members, or neighbors. Expound on their meanings.
a. Get a taste of your own medicine - Get treated the way you've been treating
others in a negative way.
b. Break a leg - Do well in something.
c. Piece of cake - Something easily achieved.

3. According to Bloomfield, we have no precise way of defining words‘. Do you agree with
this or not? Defend your answer.

I don't agree with Bloomfield with his statement. Because a word can also be defined
without knowing the original meaning of it. That is why there's a connotation of each
word, a person can define a word even before finding out the meaning of it.

I agree with Bloomfield's statement. According to him, there's no precise way of defining
words, which I believe is true. A connotation cannot be formed without the denotation, so
if there is no scientific meaning for a word then there is no certain meaning for it.

4. Give at least 2 examples each of definition by context or typical exemplar and definition
by genus and differentia.
a. by context
i. fix (definition by context: fixing something can be related to an event,
when something is broken or misplaced)
ii. doll up (definition by context: when making yourself pretty or presentable)
 b. by genus and differentia

M3
1. gradable and non-gradable antonyms
a. quite pretty, extremely boring, a bit tired
b. really awful, absolutely tiny, totally free
2. 2 each of the lexical relations
a. antonyms
i. nonchalant - emotional
ii. alive - dead
b. meronymy
i. an eye is a part of a face
ii. a tire is a part of a car
c. hyponymy
i. cyan - blue - color
ii. beef - meat - food
d. taxonomy
i. prologue:narrative
ii. coffee:beverage
e. synonymy
i. amazing - stunning
ii. awful - terrible
f. homophony
i. die - dye
ii. flower - flour
g. homonymy
i. match
1. game
2. small stick used to start fire
3. to complement
ii. bear
1. wild animal
2. being able to accept or deal with something
h. polysemy
i. serve
1. spend some time
2. provide
3. work as
ii. bark
1. part of a tree
 2. sound that comes from s dog
3. Make a short paragraph/story using words under euphemisms, dysphemisms, metonymy
and synecdoche. Please make sure that their meanings will be understood in the
paragraph.

"Isn't that Patricia?" Joey pointed to the girl who just walked in front of them. "Oh fudge, I can't
believe she'll attend class today. I have to give her books back," Gia quickly went back to her
seat to get the books. "I thought she won't be able to attend today's class. Doesn't she work
three part time jobs?" Annie asked Joey. "You mean 4? Yeah, after her family's business went
bankrupt and her father ran away. She's now the one who's working for her family", the boy
answered. Annie nodded, "She has a lot of mouths to feed then". "Isn't her mom a bludger?"
she added. Joey looked at her confused. "She meant those people who receive unemployment
benefits," Gia said and sat back on the chair she left empty just a minute ago. "Ah, I'm not sure
about that", Joey said. "That was really unfortunate, even for the hired hands of their business."
The two nodded as they agreed with what Joey said. "Oh if she was working 4 jobs now, that
explains why I saw her serving dishes in a restaurant last Monday." Gia said. They're
conversation was cut off when their homeroom teacher entered the classroom.

euphemism - oh fudge
dysphemism - bludger
metonymy - dish
synecdoche - hired hands, mouths to feed

M4
1. contradictory sentences
a. Juancho rejected Mill's request for an interview.
b. Juancho granted Mill's request for an interview.
c. The bookshelf is empty.
d. The bookshelf is full of books.
e. Squids are easy to find in every ocean.
f. Squids are rare to find even in the world's biggest ocean.
2. entailment
a. a) Jaja was murdered last night. b) Jaja is dead.
b. a) Hershey came from a broken family. b) Her parents are seperated.
3. presupposition
a. a) I forgot to order Mary's cake. b) I was supposed to order a cake for Mary.
b. a) Peter quit as a captain of his basketball team. b) Peter used to be the captain
of the basketball team
4. difference between entailment and presupposition - Entailment is a logical relation in
which the truth of one or more propositions guarantees the truth of another proposition.
Presupposition is a relation in which one proposition takes for granted the truth of
another proposition (or that it is uncontroversial).
M5
1. Consider the following sentences. What illocutionary acts could they realize?

I‘m glad you‘re here. Take your time. I‘m allergic to milk. Was that the doorbell? Don‘t
worry about putting out the garbage.

Take your time.

Don't worry about putting out the garbage.
I'm glad you're here

2. Create a situation/short skit where the principles of the Speech Act theory will be
applied. Kindly explain where the locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts are.

Amy and Laurie were walking down the hallway of the building where Amy's class just
ended. The two were talking about going out on Saturday after they finished their school
work. But due to their plan that was canceled last Sunday, Amy was having doubts.
Laurie stopped walking and looked at the woman's eyes. "I promise to take you out for
dinner on Saturday" (locutionary), he sincerely said. He wanted Amy to believe him
(illocutionary). They were looking at each other's eyes, when Amy nodded and smiled.
She believed him and agreed to go out with (perlocutionary).

3. Do you agree or disagree with Keenan regarding his thoughts on the universality of the
maxims? Why or why not?

The universality of the maxims make sense, however Keenan's thoughts regarding it
also have a point. We cannot expect all society to keep up to our advancing world,
wherein we keep on getting new information. It is true that some speech communities
might be left behind. I also acknowledge what he stated, that acquiring new information
within these societies would be misleading as having it might indicate that one has some
prestige over the other people, since these informations that are not out yet in the public
are highly sought after. With that being clearly said, I agree with his thoughts regarding
the universality of maxims.