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L, Dudley Stamp
and
Stanley B, Beaver
THE BRITISH ISLES
A GEOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC SURVEY
Longmans, Green and Co, Fourth Edition.

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II. J. Mackincler: Britain and the British Seas, Oxford,


Clarendon Press, 1907.
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D. "Inliroductiou to Stmtigraphy"
(Thomas Miirby and Co., London, 1950 S) "Britain's

Shucture and Scenery" (Collins, London, 1947)


L.
"Physiographic Evolution of Britain" (Edward Arnold, 1929)

"Palaeogeographical Atlas" (Blackie, London, 1951)


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Fiords" " The ScotfciBh Lochs and their Origin" (
Proa, R. Phil, Soc,
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Glasgow. XLV, 1914, 183 — 196

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, , 1931.

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43

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,—— ,
"The Physiographic Evolution of the London Basin" Geography
,

XVn lO32,0O-ll6o

67 •
43. ( )

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44)

2001 •

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• 68 •
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A. G. Ogilvie "The Physiography of the Moray Firth Coast",
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, LIII, 1924, 377-^05.
D. A. ,Allan: "The Phy^iogiaphical Evolution of tlie Midlothian
Area," Scot. G^o^, Mag., XLI, 1925, X93—214.
H. H. Swinnerton: "The Physiographic Subdivisions of thd

East Midlands", Geography, XV, 1929.


S. H. Rjeynolds: "The Mendips", Geography, XIV, 1927.
A. A. Miller: "The entrenched meanders of the Hereford-
shire Wye", Geog. Jour., LXXXV, 1953, 160—178.
D. L. Linton : "The origin of the Tweed drainage system", Scot.
Geog. Mag., XLIX, 1933, 162—175.
D. L. Linton : "The origin of the Wessex rivers", S<}ot. Geog.

Mag., XLYIII, 1932, 149—X65.


British Regional Geology— Series of Memoirs by various auth-
ors. H, M. Stationery Office.

S. W. Wooldridge and D. L. Linton : "Structure, Surface and


Drainage in Southeast England", Publication No. 10 Institute of

British Geographers, 1939.

S. W. Wooldridge: "The changing physical landscape of

Britain, " Geog. Jour, CXVIII, 1952, 297—308. Reviews recent,


developments in the study of the evolution of British scenery.
L. D. Stamp : Britain's Structure and Scenery, Collins' New
Naturalist Series, 1946. A more extended treatment of the subject
matter of this chapter,
J. A. Steers: The Sea Coast, Collins' New Naturalist Series,

1953.
S. W. Wooldridge and F. Gossling: The Weald, Collins' New
Naturalist Series, 1953.

E. H, Brown "Erosion Surfaces


: in North Cardiganshire", Publicfl-
tion, No. 16, Ins. of British Geographers (1950), 1952, 49—66.
W. V. G. Balchin : "Erosion Surfaces of Exmoor and adjacent
areas", Geog. Jour., CXVIII, 1952, 453—476. '

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69.

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E. G. Bilham The climate of the British Isles, London, Mac


millan, 1938.

G. H. T. Kimble: The Weather, London, Pelican Books, 1951


- f^S^
Gordon Manley Climate and the British Scene. London,
Collins (New Naturalist Series), 1952 gj

C. E. P. Brooks: Climate through the Ages, London, Benn,

1949
C. E. P. Brooks: Clin\ate in Everyday Life London, Benn,

W ,
'1950

A. G. Forsdyke, Admiralty Weather Manual; Meteorological


Glossary and the Weather Map, Her Majesty's Stationery
OffU«
Sir David Brunt: Weather Study. London, Nelson, 1941
1952 (stationery Office) ^
m ' (Daily Weather -Beport) (

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ports of the Metropolitan water Board.

Sir John Murray : "Bathymetrical Survey of the Freshwater


Lochs of Scotland", Geograpical Journal, IV, IX, XV XVIII,
xxii^xxYiii, XXX, s;xxi,
H. R. Mill: "The English Lakes, with Bathymetrical Maps and
Illustrations", Geo. Jour. YI, 1895 46—73, 135—166
The Water Supply Memoirs, Geological Survey

• 113 •
3, 0, A. RoReve«f e : "Land Drainage in England and Wales",
Water and Water Engineering, XXXIV, 1932 637—665
British Waterworks Year Book and Directory:
Board of Trade— The Final Report of the Water Power Re-
sources Committee, 1921 1918
Report and»appendix with maps of tke Severn Barrage Com-
mittee, H. M. S. 0. 1933
R. C. S. Walters: "The Nation's Water Supply", London,
Nich^son and Watson, 1936 *

F, H. Edmunds: "Outlines of Underground Water Supply in

England and Wales", Trans. Inst. "Water Eng., 1941


• The Surface Water Year Book of Great Britain, 1937—1945
,
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Surrey and Sussex. H. M. S. 0. 1911.


G. W. Robinson : Soils: Their Origin, Constitution, and Classi-
cation. London, Thos, Murby, 1932.
E. J. Russell: Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. London, Long-
mans, Green & Co. 6th edition, 32.

N. M. Comber: An Introduction to the Scientific Study of the


Soil. London, Edward Arnold, 1930.
S. G. Brad e-B irks : Good Soil. London, English University
Press, 1944.

E. M. Crowther and "others : "The soils of Britain and their


classification", Geography, XXI, 1936, 106— il9.
Guide Book for the Excursion round Britain (issuefl 6y the
Third international Congress of Soil S.cience, Oxford, 1935), ('
)
C. F. Marbut in Atlas of American Agriculture (Pt. 3). U. S..

Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, 1935.


E,-R. Bailey Geological Survey of Great Britain, London,,

130
1952. ^
Annual Reports of the Soil Survey of Great Britain. Her
Majesty's Stationery office, 1948
The Land of Britain. The Report of the Land Utilisation Survey

of Britain, Published in 92 parts, summarising the information on


'

soils available in each Qounty. Geographical Publications.


L. D. Stamp: The Land of Britain : Its Use and Misuse. Long-
mans, 2nd edition, 1950*. Chapter on Soils.

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The Land of Britain, the Final


Report of the Land UHlisation
Survey of Britain.
9 92 1937-46
D. Stamp: The Land of Britain: Its Use and Misuse.
Lon-
don, Longmans, 1950

•142»
London, Taber- & Faber,
L. D. Slamp: Our Undeveiopea World.

^^^\Tn4
Land
Utilisation

Utilisation,
Maps, 1- inch
Lana
scale,

Classification, 1:625,000 (
London, Edward Stanford.
)• London,

Ordnance Survey.
Utilisation in Rural Areas.
Report of the Committee on Land
H. M. S. 0. Cma. 6378, 1942
Agriculture", Jour. Town Plan-
L. D. Stamp: "Planning and

ning Inst, XXXVI, 1950 141 152

143 •
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& E. W. The Influence of Man and

Scotland, Edinburgh School of i*griculture ,


Animals on the Vegetation o£ Certain Hill Grazings in South-East
1951 52

•148-
A.G. " The British

, Islands and their Vegetation)"

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- 1939 , IT Joiirnal of Ecology)
1911 "Types of British Vege-
tation"— 1949

^4 , " .
12

'
>
6^

'
'
, "" ;
,
, 111610111'^5 "
dog
anemone)

' f

"
:- '
)
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i ('Quemis sessiliflora), g

-, f

7^

f 150?
,
M,
87.
—- ^20 ,
. (3) ^ ( ) E

/
f

'

,
^ 15
(Durmwli
—,
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mentosa)i]ii^ ^^j
(Ilex aquifolium)

f'
^
^
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to ^
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1

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. "" .

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, '( ^ ) 18
Pinus sylvestds)

, .
^
(Bfegshct Sands)

^
«
Hf,
(Vacoinium myrtillus) '
(Calluna vulgaris)

(6)
sylvaticuOaX:^
f ^^——»-
.
(Fagus


%" k

,
0^1& ® E. J.

.
!^

• 163 •
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-
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( (Wych elms)

.
'
*

k
, , P

(8)
(SslbO '
^
i+ il^' ^
if
——
.

Almis rotundifolia)

'
D Salix
viminalis)

(Swamp Carr)^
; . ,

n.

Downland)

fP ^, a .
'

1940 G. W.

1:62 5 000 , , Tb3 Grassland Map)

fell, i)

(Cotton grass) deer grass)

(molinia) (nardus)

(gorse) i

151 ,
"
90)
"
(1)
ff f*ifi^5ff —
E. J. 1: ;, V ft

Jt^ m a
(Calluim vulgaris),

,^ (Erica tetralix) ~
Vacoinium myrti-
llis)

ffi , K
-

, (Moorpan).

, ^,
'
3^

, 5lj
a

/ ^

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ft

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i: "" ^6^
'

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(Grouse)

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?^ / ',

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te

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a t

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" (mosses)",

. (
) (
Eriophorum vaginatum)

It ft S reed mo-
ors)

Soirpus oaespitosus)

^
^
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, Vaooinium myrtiUus),

——
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ifl^j
• / '
n
A

——-
(6)
' f''
^
• 169 •
(rushes) gedges),

?^ S
III.

(semi-natural)

^ ft^f ""
• iL

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15

, ,
(Juncus)

Lol.ium- perenne) Tri-


folium repens)

- (2) ^ttf* —— (Agrostis spp.)

Fest'uol :La) Festuoa rubra)

, "
(grassheath)" "
^
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(Calluna)

iic
, ?
(Eri(n)

• 160 •
9

" " ?^ '


land), "" semi-steppe

,'
€|1^^^^#,^#?^#——
(3)

, Nardus-
striota

lea, ) );

Agrostis setaoea),
Molinia oaeru-

(4)

&^
^F*^^&Sttff —
,

, F. ovi
na)
IE
' (Festuoa rubra)

*
*
' I

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.

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t

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' .

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IV.

^
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&(>&10-
p^iytes) Salioornia)

63

,
(Spartina townsendii)

VI.

,,if

Agropyrum
,
junoeu^m) Aipmo-
phila arundinacea)

' '
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, . '
-

* f
,
r

!)^

"
,. 1939
I j^" . A. G.
162 m
H 1913—37
S " . " (Journal of Ecology)

1911 ,
^ : .
' i^,

-^
I

^f: "
Scott, Geog.
f!i

Mag, XVI,
(Botanical

1900,
Survey
385—416, 441—467
fii r
of
ffi

Scotland)"
XX

1^.

1904, 617—
'

628; XXI, 1905, 4—23, 57—83 (with M. Hardy) XXII, 1906, 229—
241 C. E. " Vegetation p£ the Peak Dis-
trict)", 1913

^: / " Practical Pla<?it

Ecology)" 1926
Hill

Lan Is
G. :^
of Britain, Development or Decay", 1937 192—3
"The

III: ^.
" A Survey
Waste Lands of Wales)" — 1936
of the Agricultural and
'

10^
f I ^
)
6%
: 1950

, (Enclosures)

,
fc
,
;^ ^ " 6

^^

® V\Fl-^-.
FuturG^ilt '*
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-
1.^5[^^^
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Empire Forestry Journal), 1933 7 ,85- 1G3j5

•166»
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1916 Reoonstruofcion Committee)

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S
.

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1,777,000 80

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1921
' 1926 ;— -
' ; 1000000
1924

1900000 ,
3 2958672 5.3%
1947 —49 -,
1952 3635362
5 187,000 6.5%

• •
J68
a & 90.

.
fflJt»sl^f^ I

• 169 •
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1847^

^ %
^
^
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yS.^it 117,906 6 10, 835 3 37, 235 3 166,066 5
xW-Jr.-U......
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77, 97, 017 8 754, 938! 22

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227, 423

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12
6
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^87
45 1, 788, 790

229, 788

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62

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ffe lU 40, 228 13 OKA r*oo on 496,951 15
105, 415 6 12, 013 33, 636 3 161 064



1939 9 33, 492 21, 578 233, 433 .18 288, 503 8

(
(
)
1939 9


……
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166, 482

199, 874

865, 046
Q
11
37,

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395 11

looj 316, 478,100j 1, 266,


169, 174

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838 100
14

3,
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051

448, 362 100


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19

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'
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, 19.1%)-, 21.6%)
10.0%)

0.8
11. 6 %)

% g 2
^ 13.4%

%
0.43

, 1924

1 10
1947

11 21 21 — 40
(
41 80 SO

) 1924 i -

• 170 •
91. ^^,1947>^.
1947 1 10 8.5% 14%, 11—20 -9% 16%,

— 4a
21

25%
18%
15%
15% 41 80
'39.5% 15%
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80

( 2 40

W ,
#
• 171 •
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S
@ 150

1924 & 120

50 16%

/j
1919

19S9

1947 1 iii
:^
^
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'
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'
11%
-
1939—47

18%
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1947
.
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^
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(15%)

'

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• 172.
1,000,000,000

1924
, 1914

1924

-
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798 J

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—28
1924

10,000,000 , 500,000,000 , 50
1824

1937

12822000 1794000
" 1947

£ 1947

• ( "I
3
-

-'
( -'
972.6

ift 284.4

1,248.6

-., ( 2,505.6
152.8

( 2,658.4

, 173
1,000

i€ 1&0 1400

6^

1919
'
K —— Pinus sylvestris),

(Samuel Johnson, 18 ji)

«.
^' »
1777000

', 2000000 , 3000000

'

1947 189^ 30%


52% C

24% 20%
Sitka) Picea sitkensis) Pioea
exoelsa)^ (Larix europaea) (Laris
Ps Pi-
leptolepis)

nus laricio) , (lotsuga taxifolia)

Fagus sylvatious),,
1%

0%, ; (^(Fraxinus. excelsior )| (Betula verrucosa ) ^ S( Acer

pseudoplatanus) Ulmus spp'. )


1%

(Thetford Chase), Bifeok

land)

(
32,000

19,000
) 10,000
(
1947 623 eoo
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w.
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.
1745

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200 1930 350

.; ^ 1930

'10^30

60 80

50 '
-
50 ,

' , ,
.1. OJaxtan: "Afforestation in the Western Highlands and its
6 feet on Repopulation-G eography XVII, 1932, 193 203 o
'
,
«
W. Dallimore: "Fore try in the Highlands of Scotland", Kew Bulle-
tin, 1910, 239-248o -

@ - J. Pimlott: "The History of Afforestation in Northern Ireland",


The Adv. of Science, IX, 1952,297— 303 •

• 176 •
'
iko il; # English Pale)^

r Central Mail)

' - ^$

M
1609

(Stuart) 1652 &' 17


——
1698
'

, Royal Dublin

1921
Society) iQat

1.5% . |1

1,000
1928 — 48
1951
,Iftfe #,

68,000 1.7%

Census of Woodlands and Home Grown Timber, 1924, H.M.S.O,

1928.

Census of Woodlands, 1947—1949, Summary Eeport, H.M.S.O.,


'
1951.

Census of Woo Hands; 1947—1949, H.M.S.O., 1952.


Ray Bourne: "Regional Survey and its relation to Stocktaking
of the Agricultural and Forest Resources of the British Empire",
•Oxford Forestry Memoirs.

•1|7.
(j, p. Ackers: Practical British ITorestry. London, 193^.
Annual Reports of the Forestry CoTnmissioners, H. M. S. 0.

W. L. Taylor: Forests and Forestry in Great Britain. London,


Crosby, Lockwood, 1946. , ^

• 178
f
.
19 60 70

, Corn Laws)

,
1846

20 30 *

,
20 30
,
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35 —40% y
5560%
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fef

* 179 •
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II

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"" "" 10%

84%
» ^
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'
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18%
89 — 90%
.
{^

^ ^ ^ S
'
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1307000 6.75%
lfe2l

1931

1951
]
1
194, 000

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5 . 01%
,

1926 U750n ^ 15.3%


1951 125,000 12.5%
1926 648,575 53.0^
1946 571,549 45.0%

m
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9,368 16, 750 6,383
1935 38 9, 007 16 777 5,520.

1939 8,035 13, 709 6, 608


1940 10,130 14, 433 6,527 •

- 82^
1941 11, 758. 12, 5,633
1042 12, 850 11,643
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, 1945 14, 623 9, 810 6, 581


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ffi R fig

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1939 2,936 1 623 10, 465
1940 3, 063 1, 463 10, 468
1041 3,133 1,238 10, no
1942 8, 324 1,109 10, 6^7
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t
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1938
* ""
1932

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1830000 92000)
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1038 1950
Mm

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1,

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1947

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1943 129000

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1949

,
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1938 733,000
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1948

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1938

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25

30 1880 1930

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nrnmrnm ——
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50

2U •
——

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^
;
80% 90%

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1941—60
',
6 owt. 1949
ffi

^
29 9

/
. owt

,
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, 1941 45


1918

1919

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700 ——
1948

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a f
• 216 .
25 , 105.

1928 1946 — 60 -ii

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(truck farming),

• 217 •
(ilf It ~ia IBj "T ) V *"Ci J
1922- -30 1925 1939 — 48 1938— 48

…… 48, 675* 72, 700 71, 300 151, 000

12, 782* 33, 900 16, 900 68, 000


26, 784 410, 000 90,700 702, 000

22, 876 93, 000 40, 300 130, 000


…… 12, 504 162, 000 39, 200 229, 000
- 9,935 110 000 3i 100 333, 000
…… 100,000 10, 800 191, 000
… 2, 276 17, 100 11, 900 -
84, 000

5, 581 37, 300 6,000 67, 000
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11, 300 100, 000

6>600 '
62, 000
103, 600 73 000
…' •'
• …… 1 800 2, 000
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14, 600 82, 000

: 47 000
50, 000, 000
27,

55,
600
500
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113, 000

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… 1,500, 000

* 1926—30

^
,
——

r
"
• 218 •
i

/hf p^pi ——

6^

40%
40% ^
20%

(Carse of Go-

wrie),

j
'
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fa ——
,
-

i
268,000
/ 1949 ,- 25000000 60%
30%, 8%,

(1949 , , '
, "" '
75,000

^
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1941

3 1041 1047

:
:
…- 19.5
34.2
85.4
107.8

- 15. 41.8
……- 50.1 132.5
…. 19.8 56.6
- 15:7 71.3

220
. ,
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sg

Cox's
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• fkkii

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E
1384587
216621 100400
1931 938,494 152,668 ,
' ^86486
, "" E,

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1950

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, 35,000 1940

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^
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1946 —48
60% 1948 1

230000

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, 1,109,000

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,
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95

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f :15000000
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'

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^
ik
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•233 •
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( ( ) (?L ^ (
/ D^p 68 . 104 172 78 119 197
1877— 86 70 109 179 74 •
115 188
1887- 96 76 115 101 72 110 181
1807 06 80 122 '201. 67 102 160
1907 14 86 127 213 66 98 162
1915- 24 95 129 224 GO - 94 163
1925' 103 134 230 70 8^9 158
1939 90 170 280
1945 94 216 310 56 122 178
1930 104 237 341 63 149 212

, ;
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; • 224 *
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, 1939— 45
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169

1944 237

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;
Festuoa)
2) ;
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; ,
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#'
'

and the Improvement of Hill Land", Geography,


^/Olimate
XVin, — 25; A
Survey o? the Agricultural and Waste Lands of
1033, 17
Wales, London, Fsfber and Paber, 1936- E. Daries, "Sheep-farming in
Upland Wales'', Geography, XX, 103 j, 97 -111, Oo:npare S. Orwin, The

Reclamati6n of Exmoor Forest, Oxford' TJnive.'Gity Press, 1G29


W. Ellison, Marginal Land in Britain, London, Bles, 1953.

• 230 -
i ^
b
10 — 5 %

#.
-- ' k

^ til

, ;

in. '
cwt. ^ 2000

5000 600

1500

'
60% ' 25%

-
(Herdwioks) Lonks)
(tWensleydales)

, ®

t'---
3^
,
^ '
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— ;^ ,
150. 450

JiUS /
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— 32
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1950
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, 1940

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5

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ill
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80

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1913

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(Kelham) ,
& 192

1920

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io 1925 3 British Sugar


Subsidy Aot),

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31 1942

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• 235
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if

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9.4 1950 12.8

• 236 .
1 , 40 — so
.
-
-

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k
, ,
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, ,
'

Report on the Sugar Beet Industry at Home and- Abroad


Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Economic, Series No. 27

* «237 »
(H.M.S.0.,1931).
Agricultural Statistics).

«*fiJffi^J^ —
^/'' 1 .
20 30

1928

, 1932 1

(
1913 1929 16,340,000
200 000
1924
1025
/ \
1930
1^31
34,

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.

1926 7 000 000 1932 106 000, 000

1027 7 840, 000 1934 120 000 ObO ( 76


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1931

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4
550

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25,000 n E

1931

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' 1000

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4

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1939 -43
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,
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32
1941
56
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1934 — 38 —— 39.6
1907

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1950
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— 20 fc 30

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,
.

if

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, " " (' -'

• 242 -
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1907 28 1950 * 11934 38 [ 1950

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11.7

28
3
3 1
23.2

…… …-
-
21 3

1
8

1
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i
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…… i 18.1

mm … 64.0 51.7 59 9 62.8


…… ^ 16.7.
(4)
m 24.6 16.4 29 9 23.2

* 1980 ——
(1) 2) 3) 4)
* 1929
"The Agricultural Output and the Food Supplies of
Great Britain", 1952 "Domestic Food Con-
sumption and Expenditure", t?
"
J? 1952
"'
"An^nual Abstract- of Statistics, 1938— 50
Post-War Oontri-

^
bution of British Agriculture"
Sljo

•243 •
!
j IP

''

—— -""
k
" " (Empire Market-
ing Board),

,
^
,

. K

""
;
-——

(
^ "-

) C

(
\

• 244 •
,
-90% 1914

, 3500 owt.

3
.

, 3000 cwt.

4 3%
1200

, owt.

^ 500 owt. 500

,
cwt. Mlj

"^

3000000000 312 j ,
c^,

> .

I
,
' 40%
f

60%,
^
a E. 1933
U ^ 4 23 " "" "
• §46 f
.

It L. D. Stamp, The Land of Britain: Its

Use and Misuse, London, Longmans, Second Edition. 1950.

'
Annual Abstracts of Statistics, No. 88, 193^—1950. H. M. S.O.,

1952. .

'

•United Kingdom: Part I 1946—1947 1948 —1949. H. M. S. 0.,

1951, 1952. Part II 1939—1940 1945 —1946 H.M.S.O., 1949.


, England and Wales: Part I 1939—1944. H.M.S.O., 1947. Part
I 1945—1949, H.M.S.O., 1952. Part II 1939—1944. H.M.S.O.
Scotland: Part I 1939—1944, H.M.S.O., 1948. Part 1 1945—1949,

H.M.S.O., 1952. Part II 1939—1944, H.M.S.O., 1950. Part II 1945—


'
4949. H.M.S.O.,: 1952.

W.B. Mercer: British Farmfng, H.M.S.O" 1951—

National Farm Survey of England and Wales: A Summary


Report. H. M. S. 0., 1946.

How Britain was Fed in AVar-time, Food Control 1939—1945.


H. M. S. 0" 1946.

Post-war Contribution of BritisTi Agricalturc. H. M. S. 0.,

"1947 (Cmd. 7072).

246 •
El, J.

and Unwin, 1933.


Russell:

+
Tbe Farm and the Nation. London, George Allen
20 30

The Agricultural Output of England and Wales in 1925.

H. M. S. 0.

The Agricultural Output of England and Wales 1930-—1931.


H. M. S. 0. 1934.

The, Agricultural Output of Scotland in 1925. H. M. S. 0.


The Agricultural Output of Scotland, in 1930. H. . M. S. 0.,

1934.

The Agricultural Oufput and the Food Supplies of Great


Britain. H. M. S. 0. 1929.

The Agricultural Output of Northern Ireland, 1925. Belfast,


H. M. S. 0.

Agricultural Statistics of England and Wales, Ministry of


Agriculture and Fisheries (Parts I and II, 1938 ).
Agricultural Statistics of Scotland. Department of Agriculture
for Scotland (Parts I and II 1938
Sixth Annual Report upon the Agricultural Statistics of
Northern Ireland, 1931. Belfast, H. M.' S. 0.
The Ulster Year book, 1935. H. M. S. 0.

R. G. Stapledon: The Land To-day and Tomorrow. London,


Faber and Faber, 1935.
Agriculture Journal,
the Scottish Journal of Agriculture, £^
Kotharasted Conferences,

Malcolm Messer. Agricultural Atlas of England and


Wales. 2nd Edition, Ordnance Survey, Soutbarapton, 1932.
H. J. Wood: An Agricultural Atlas of Scotland. London,

• 247
George 6iil & §iis 1931.

L. D. Stamp: An Agricultural Atlas of Ireland. London, George

Gill & Sons, 1931. •

•24M
H. J.

—45
, 1939

, 114

1938

114.

r BL J. )
® An Agricultural Atlas of Scotland. London, George Gill & Sons^
1931. ^
Types of Farming in Scotland.Edinburgh, H. M. S. O. 1052. ,

National Planning Series 1,625,000 Types of Farming, north-


ern Eheel

«49
If

115. ^ ,

(
1062 1^
lie. (croft)

(
^ )
flil
(

98 .'7%
,,
, ' Ift

1.

'
• 251 • -
'

m nr. 1875

——
S

& ——'
f
3,349,131
""
' 7 %(1 938 ) 938

3% '
95%

&
4^

• 253, -
ful
^3 \
y0

Ml..gy^w^gsa&il?ssl

.s

^.S0is0$k

.611

^^gl^ilti^?i

.811
^^, , ^-
,
;' '
',
, ,
'

)
IP

(Stapledon's. methods)
^

2.

(a)

,
-
iE
(b)

(0)
(d) -" "
" ; $ ;^
^~
" '^
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•254*
>| ' fe

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( ) ;^
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g 60

*
,
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5.

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wiok)

r ^

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vj )
(Soott country)" (Walter Scott 19

g
-
I,

, ,
6.

, ,
,

7 • *

50

' ,
,
', ,
200
-

Types of Farming- in Scotland. Edinburgh, H. M. 5. 0. 1952.


''

L. D. Stamp: The Land of Britain : Its Use and Misuse. London,


Longmans, 1950, 15 .
The Land of Britain, Parts 1 to 30 ( •
H. J. Wood: An Agricultural Atlas of Scotland. London,
George Gill & Sons, 1931.

Sir E. J. Russell: The Fttrm and the Nation. Lomlon, Allen

^
and Unwin, 1933 (Chapter III).

N. E. M. Geddes: "Weather and the Crop Yield in the North-


East Counties of Scotland", Q. J. R. Met. Soc, XIA'III, 1922, 251-
-
268.

I. D. Du^^: "The Human Geography of South- Western Ross


A. Stevens: "The Human Geography of Lewis, " Scot. Geog,
Ma^. ,
XLI, 1925, 75-88. -
——
shire," Scot. Geog. Mag., XLV, 1929, 277-295.

M. I. Newbigin : "The Kingussie District", Scot. Geog. Mag.,


XXII, 1906, 285-315.

J. F. drant : "The Highland Openfield System", Geog. Teacher,


XIII, 1926, 480.
'
W. A. Gauld: "Galloway", Scot. Geog. Mag. XXXVIII, 1922,
22-39, 232-242.
B. Hosgood: "Southern Forfarshire," Scot. Geog Mag'., XXXV,
1919, 15-29, 55-71. ,

T. x!f. Stevens: "The Geographical Description of the County


of Ayr," Scot. Geog. Mag. XXVIII, 1912, 393-143.
P. Macnair: Argyllshireand Buteshire, Cambridge University

•269
Press, 1914.

C. P. Snodgrass: "The Influence of Physical Environment ori

the Principal Cultivated Crops of Scotland," Scat. Geog. Mag.,


'

XLVIII, 1932, 329-347.


H. M. Leppard: "Scottish Carse Agriculture : the Carse of

Gowrie," Econ. Geog., X, 1934, 217-238.

J. P. Maxton' (Editor) : "Regional Types of British Agricul-

ture," By 15 authors. London, Allen and Unwin, 1936.


C. P. Snodgrass: "Stock Farming in Scotland and its relation

to environment," Scot. Geog. Mag., XLIX, 1933, 24-34.

A. Geddes: "Lewis," Scot. Geog. Mag., LII, 1936, 217-230,

300-312.

260
,
.
C

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, « ^)- ^
(-

0^

1939 — 45

• 261 •
122.

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L. DuUey Stamp (Editor): The Land of Britain, The Final


Report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain. Parts Sl^to 90.

L. D. Stamp: The Land of Britain Its Use and Misuse : London,


Longmans, 2nd edition, 1950. ,

An Agricultural Atlas of England and Wales. Third edition,

revised. By Malcolm Messer. Published by Ordnance Survey.


Great Britain: Regional Essays. Edited by A. G. Ogilvie.

Second edition, reprinted. Camb 'idge University Press, 1952. ^^1


20
Sir E. J. Russell The Farm and the Nation. London, George
Allen and Unwin, 1933. Chapter III.
P. M. Roxby: "The Agricultural Geography of England on a
Regional Basis", Geog. TeacTifer, 1914, 316V.321.

W. Smith : The Ecpnomic Geography of Great Britain. London,


Methuen, 1951, * ,

281 •
65000
50
100 12000
21000000.111^, P

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:
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1931 41,^00 22,500 1951 33882
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, 19U

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( (cwt.) ( (
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1930 11 454, 126 12, 072, 222 4 221, 109 2, 067, 882 15, 677, 628 14, 143, S01

1933 10 9/1, 278 10, 186, 857 2, 722, 1^8 1, 002, 814 13 663, 426 11 189, 671
1935 11 896, 644 10 954, 25l' 2, 950, 730 1 952 14, 347, 374 11 056, 203
1938 12,644, 600 11, SOO 925 2, 882, 105 028, 786 15, 532, 692 12, 233, 209

1942 2, 981, 106 9, 033, &92 172, 312 224, 355 3, 155, 818 9, 260, 674
19-^8 11, 015, 808 31, 205, ^9 2, 524, 018 2 601, 907 14 439, 909 33, 809, 691
1951 12, 289, 364 32, 552, 429 1, 708, 730 1 917, 651 14, 001, 366 34, 475, 761

k 92 5 44541 6 8. 1930 4 177 ,776 ; 1933 3 ,519


79 5 IQSS 3 852 112 1938 3 ,826 ,700 1951 10 858,500

;
, 5
W
1500
1951> 87%
200 ttf

1200 f

ft

• 283 •
^
? ^ftff'i ffiv^ ^ ci
1^
, ' 100
-

40 — 100 50 300 4

. 7000 10
~
— '
20 ~
(Dogger Bank)

? #

,.
^
.

, , :1)
ffilE
'

, ^ 2)

' i

^
,.
6^

A. H. W. l^obinscm: "The Floor of the British Seas


Scot. Geog. Mag. 1952 68 64 70 ^
•284 • ,
,
1937 195;

( cwt.

>
1937 1951

18 9
75 140
Turbot) 71 56

^,7,513 7,442
r^(Haddock) 2,979 2,357
Whiting 495 947
(Hake) 601 484
(Halibut) . 120 124
Plaice) 599 .. 664

ISy 429 387

)?X 201 254


664 , 630

It 243 130

- 5,563 3,283

»^ 179 124

5* ' ' 69 114


150 87

1,838 1,742

21^807 18.885

1937 15,394,017 1951 45.334,800


(^' 1937
,
2196303 1951 3,628,400
1937 540,346^ 1951 1,175, 800
131. I: (
; )
1. fi^

4 . ^^
2 2>.

;
66.
: la. m 7b:- 0.

;
7(1 e.

7/. Ji"-

)^
Sc.
-

15. 1^
; ;
Sa.

&. 15^; Jh

286
»

e
,
S(Hake)

.
M ^
(lemon sole) turbot)

3000

19 , "" "
'
*287 f
-
132. (>^5|^^=^3
" )
-

: -—
" ( isss

) Calais) 47

5%
2$

"
/1
,
i ^ [Fisbygissy]")

^
,
'
i,
,,
Sj1»:#

+1^

50 60 13

80

a
3

"'"
^,
"" ^
f
7!

, 18.5 7 1

. 1951
95 83.5

87%

'- ^ ''
"
200

, ,
m 133. — S4 ?s
"
L

" " "" "


——

, ' 20 '
200
——
'
( Decoa navigators)^

, 1500 ,
f
• '290 •
——- " ", .

1951 12 31

^11
70 129 130 - 140 140 ( Jt^ 34-
D
a V u \ )

41 41
'' 6
3 3
'
163 167
139 '6 91 236
>>k t=r- -u-r' 4-n jm-
120 120
itlA tl-r-
10 10
2 2
5= & Ar* /""D 1 -fc, \
1

8 8

^^ 6 5
.

4
It It VI \j
Q in
••
- 8 3 18
…: 71 9 8 88

t 80 22 23 125
199 11 3 213
3 3
.

'89 14 54

( ) 740 77 292 1,109

(Seine net),

! ^( White Fish Authority)


.
1952 3 31 B

• 291 •
1921 & i

,
.
- ( cwt.

1921— 25 1926 30
1913 1951

? 7, 991 404 7, 665, 800 8 868 334 11, 092, Oil


4 909 21, 483 24, 594 290, 691

418, 269 165,600 127, 850.

'( ) …" •
8, 410,582 7, 852, 883 9, 020, 778
'

It 382, 702

…… •••
281,185 360, 584 ^1- 001 24, 219
'
14,886 50, 893 93. 102 4, 417
…… …" 18,720

Oh ) 814, 791 411, 480 394103 28, 686

…" 287, 097 160, 724 2,263


. 7, 570 6,564 124, eio

( ) 294, 667 j
167, 288 '
126, 873

,
6, 402,729 3, 020, 433 3 551, 427 1, m 962
209,296 346,866 275, 069 1, 192, 144
11 - 303,784
'
340 69

( ) …" •
6, 918,809 3, 367, 639 3m 565 2, 893 096
'
17,051 22. 906 24, 472 503,638

- tl
……' 461,202 463, 488 364, 892 217, 766

• 292*
# ^ ——
f *

250 1870

; ;, -
, ,
134)

,P
,. 1951

5 a
, ,

,, ( )
S '
76%
,
'
f /?&
134. ;
e

»Ka

"
• 294 •
• - f

,
^
ii '

6 10

11

12

f
^
*

4000 '
f

-
^
«295«
m 1^.

, ,
* , , "^
'
,
1913

745,632 cwt; 1936 1230000 cwt


''
'

"
1951

( ^ t
"

285,540
126,000

I* 141,500

( ft)
IK ( ^) 54,700

296 •
.
. 1951 ^ _ (
1961

^ 12

79, 700 213


26, 600 54
• •
12, 300 41 '

- •• 275, 000 137


…" • …… •
198, 000 236
… 15, 300 -
120
… 30, 100 111
• …… 66, 000 125
( ) • ••
703, 000 1 057

tl

('
0^
5

' ,
^ '

'
…-
1927 1929

274,000 302, 000 184, 000

19,000

^5?^
23,000
1931

384,000 414, 000 272, 000 229, 000

15, 000
i

242,000 263, 000 229, 000 194, 000 186, 750


1935

8 000
1951

63,

39,
500
610

622

m
•297 -
135.

1919 1946

: '
'^r

• 298
r


, •

4
.
^
/ • '
t
——
)
(

,
, ^^ i
.

500,000

S
«^
if
1939^ Ostrea edulis)

. 50000000

'
"
ft

'
*
4 "
9 4
'
" "
1946 —47
(
Mytilus edulis)

•2&9 •
-
/
-
( )
(Cardium edule)^ (Buooinum undatum)
(Littorina littorea),

Pecten operoularis) 5—
20

Rfc,

' (CraDgoi vulgaris)

^
(Homarus gammarus)

«
""
&^
,
(Nep-
hrops norvegious)

(Palinurus vul-

garis)

Cacoer pagurus) ""

L1. Rodwell Jones: "The British Fisheries", Econ. Geog. II"


1926, r6~§a.
J. T. Jenkins: THe Sea Fisheries, London (Constable), 1920L
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries: Anniutl Reports on
Sea-Fishieries.

H. M. S. 0. Fisheries in war Time (1939—1944). H. M. S. 0.,

194^.

Scottish Home Department : Annual Report.


John Trundell < World Fishing"
1952
9' J. H Ray "The work
and Aims of the British Trawlers, Federation"
Herring Atlas, ed. W. C. Hodgson. Pub.
— -

by International
Council for ih^ Exploration of the Sea, 1951.

A. C. Hardy : Seafood, Ships. London. (Crosby Lockwood),

P. C. Walton: A Geography of the East Anglian Herring


Fishery. 1948 )

801*
" "
9 33

;
20

60 . 32 ,
9

: 1)
2) 3)
1954 13 )
)
" " (
1959

,
L. D.

1930

, "^
, " "
"
S. H. .
" 1948 )
(1946

^ -
.
•302*
,
j ,
( ( (
( -
(
)
.
P f

H. 1943

" ,
, • ••

,
El 4
:, ……
,^ is

f
" '^ ^

.
* fe

^
, f

" " If

• 303 •
1954 ^ 1943 ^
,
^

. 1959
Pitlocjhry
=.
Oxfordshisre
Dingwail Wey Gap
Waver
Weymouth
Ventnor
Wadsworth, J.
Great Olag Vale
Warn
Waveney
Weybridge n Garry
Gardiff
North Shields
Midlothian North Riding
Midlands North Downs
Midland V&lley
Nairn
^# Northampton
Oalder
-
-

- NeneR.
Ness
Ben,Nevis
'

Goole
Carmarthenshire
Oader Idris

EXG Kew
- Exmoor Teddinglion

/g Etive' TayR
/e Ettrickdale Stapledon, George
' Essex Stemme, H.
L Conway Scott

Balmoral Smith, R.

1^ Bagshot ^kye
Bath . ^^ Stonebyres Falls
' Bardney Stoneliaven
Goring Gap St. George's Land
Biggleswade St. Lawrence
Billingsgate Stives
Beaver, S. H. St. Eamnnds

,305
: Lune
Outer HebHdft Denge

Nidd
Nice -
.
.
LancasliirG

L?eyn
Lancastria

Bulverhytne East Anglia


Brixtam
Brittany
, Brigg Avon R.
Brecon Beacons Aberdeen
Bradford Aberdeenshire
Buchan Plateau Abberley Hills
Bristol Aberystwyth
Bristol Channel Armstrong, H. E.
Blaekmore Azores
Broxbourne Evesham
Broads Ely
Bledisloe "Ipswich
Flanders Epsom
Fraserburgh WoodH.J.
ij
Friesian
Fleetwood
Flamborougii
^ Wooidridge,
Valentia
Cwm Dyli
S. W.

Flintshire Lea B.
i Hambledon Hills Ril)ble Br.

Hampshire '
ij
Leatheffhead
3C Wash Lickey Hills
3C Warwickshire IJ
Limerick
Warrington Qnantock Hills
Gander Wharle
Bockin^amsliire Walters, R. 0. S.

Chalfclands Waltham OroBS


Beverley Watson, Dr.
White Horse, Vale of Bilham, E. G.
Limestone Mts. Pickejing, Valeaf
Heathermoor Jersey
Stone sfield Land's End '

Tunbridge Wells il Dolgarrog


Dundee Donaghadee

• 8Qa
Dorking OJaerwen reservoir
Dover Olwya
» Annanda'e *
OroSBeus
Antrim Olunie
Anglesey Oromer

* Torquay
Tortworth Ridgo
Ptolemy Ree
01 un Poresv
J acton
.

Towy, Valeof Liverpool


Portsmouth Lizard

li® PortS(iown Hill Lawes, J. B.

Mill, an. Landerdale


01(1 Haven fl Pondej»> End
X Ayrshire Oharnwood Forest
^ Aylesbury
Eden Valley
Canterbury
Furnes
Scilly Isles Worthing
West Riding -
Shropshire
Lothian, Vest Hebrides
* West Yorkshire Shrewsbury
Sitka Heathrow .

Western Heights Wye R. .

Maentwrog Wight, Isle of

Darent Gap Durham


Dornoch Firth Tummel Bridge
Dartmoor Dorset .

Wensum R.
Mourne Mts

Salter, O. S.
Hantingdonshire
'
Salisbury, E. J.
Hindhead
Birmingham Shetlands
' Sheffield
Perth
Perthshire Lee
Onnningham 2*i Leeds

0:ent Hills Leith

Cleveland
> Riviera

Clyde
Olare

•307 •
to rzx /r* IRnf^f^Ann A.!
Guinn6S9
Lough Neagh KltFrSK Ross— shire
Monmoutnsiiire Rothamsted
Menclip Mills ^ - VylXLIXIJwI. lifcxXia.

Mahley, Gordon '

4n T'J -HK v^uu ux

JrGterneaa
'' X et©f Dorougn, 45-^^*. it Sherwood Forest
Laplaml T^^i^ Fftnland

-LaDraaor itfc^n^ Farnliam


Lanarnsrure
Kamsgate
Lambourn - /liw OUTTUIK
Lagan IjOch
Rannocli
Knayaaer
Kadnor r oresi
Liincoin, Y aie ot

LinCOlU CiCLgC
im ^
fill a n wrw^rl

m^
T*la"f;AA.n
/" -tvt)iiu>^

^
-Liincoinsiiire

Lincoln rieatn
Lindsey
Linton, U. li. Arun uap

puj yj^^ JXJ^uxjkum

^^ r arniiigjj.d»iji H MiR AbXlBUJIUX

K. "^cmr vjap
aerces l?jrr -liFl =^ /r^
Amweii
A -rv-k "ITT^il 1
|SnJ

y£ ^ a vvceit, u. x>*

>r4» JeTT > Kf -A— n n ; n/v+,Tl


Jcsonmngi/on r»
Tr$l.l Ifl Armorica
IK^IH;^^
jj^
JDOWiaiiU. X Ui Oto V trzf
pnj
arr
3|i
@Vl
2*^ A vA nACPTlfilia
-£a.J.U.Xli»^X

crfr^^fr
ZKJ^
T*r->>4ih Pnrlnfik
-t uriuott., ValG of

= DrecK 1 a uu
5£ -oerwicK
irt*- T^pwRPV Vale of ^ L f;b Shnthern UDlands
South Downs
Roxby P. M. Hall, A. Daniel

Rocester Hai«tlepool

308 •
Hartshill Ro^jher

^ Harz
Hastings "
Rocl^all
LothiaaB
Harmer, F. W., Roding
tf: Market Harborongh Lowestoft
P ChU tern Hills Parret
Cheshire Dogger Bank
'

Oheshmit ,
'
Oorallian

. Chester
Welshpool
Wills, L.J;
Melton Mowbray
Medway Gop
Maidstone
JVVealden Lake york
Weald Vale of York
Welland Valley Yorkshire
•'

Weaver - SealyKR
Wicklow Sykes
Wexfofd English Ohannel
WeUifigton English Pale
Wigtown shire Merstham Dry Gap
Westmorland Dee R.
Fort Willian Dismal SwampB
' Wyre Forest of Girvan
Witham "feap
Humber R.
Hun^tantoxi Bierknes
-

Ohaiweir Columbia
ij
Berkeley . Edge Hill
Berkshire Erathostheness
Bury -
$ Sfiap Fells
Purbeck, Isle of Pennines—
Burton Oupar
Colchester Angus
Oolwick Anglia
Oornish Rivierlft Grampians
Cork Harbonr Grantham
Ouckmere Gap Glencce
Oorra Linn Falls Glasspoole, J.

(t Ootswolds Glasgow
!/^ Glamorgan
Greenwich
Greensand
Newlyn
Newhaven
Solway Lowlands
Grimsby Shotrwer Hill
Gloucester Somerset
GloucestershLire Invernes
Granton Marbut, 0. F.
Sandy ?^ Malvern Hills
§} Allen
Elan Eeservoir
Ae -
^ Marlborongh Downs

Mailing
Macclesfield

Epping Forest Mathieson, R. S.


Glen Affric Mackinder, Halford J.
Tyneside Malin Head
iTf Tynemonth Garnett, Alice
Thames Gaul
Teviotdale Highland Zone
Tadcaster Godwin, H.'
Powis, Vale of
Vyrnwy'Lake
Hai'e, F. K. Lerwick
Helvellyn ' Pevensey Marsh
Helford R. Eedi'ord
Channel Islands BedfordBhi're
Worcester Keele
Worcestershire Kilkeel
Ure R. ^
Kildare
Ulster Killaloo
Ouse Gap Kielder
Ouse R. . Guildford
Tweeddale Kiddermi aster
Tweed R. Milford Haven
Banff Middlesex
Banffshire •
Midford
Bann R. Scarplamls
Lnichart Loch Cornwall
Nnneaton Ridge Gontley,
^^ Newcastle Ooimock OJiasie

•310-
^1

tt^rfi MancG3ter Swale


Man, Isle of • Stamp. L. D. ,

Main Swinnerton, H. H.
MevagiBsey Scarborougli
Sairsbury Plain Staffordshire
Lewes StourGap
Treig Loch ft SD:etham, D. J.

HMne
Gwent, Plain
Nottingham
of ^ Speetcm
Skegness
Stuart
Nottinghanshire Swansea
NortKallerton Gap Spalding
Norwich t& . Strathglaes

ij
Northnmbria. 1*# Strath^iiore

Northumberland Stroniness

Norfolk Spey R.
!^ Steeping
* P Snowdon
kelham Stirling, Carse of

:' iO?
Celtic
OatiTOBS
Storiioway
Steyning
Oaythorpe Polden Hills
Caithness Plymouth
Kesteven Preitwich
OheYiot Hills Lake District
!!• Shannon Taneley, A: G.

^ Pembroke
Pembrokeshire
Penzance
Taunton
Tanuton-^Deane
Fair Island
Bunter Dumfries-iihire
' Pent and
j Dysynni
Tilbury rean
Tees R, ShoeLuryness
DoncaBtor FeJstead
Dunkirk Fylde
lifcj Don R. Fifeshire

^ Dungeness Dublin

^
li:

l;!!!^!^^^ Tudor

• 311 •
Romney i^IartJh Wisbech
PI: Long Ashton Wissington
-

Xonks - Buxton
Yarmonth Galloway
Black Country Haweswater
Blackdown Hills MontgOT)ery
Montreal
Montro,o
*
Orkney Islands HullR
Otford Hereford
Selby Herefordshire
Severn R. Herdwicks
Thetford , Herfcfonisliire
Newmarket
New Forest

Wrekin
^% Holmes, Sherlock
Cambridge
Oambridgferliire
Thirlmere Lake

^
-

Deptford
Thureo
Trent R
Guernsey
Derby
JohnEon
Derbyshire
Douglas Glen More
Ironbridge
Morecambe
Leicester
Murmansk
K Leicestersliire
Mole Gap
Redhill Devon
Ladybower Devonshire
Reservoir Derg Lough
11 f& Derwent R •

Margate Robinson, G. W
Forth, Firth o: Rutland .

Falmouth
Foyers
Fowey Moss, O.E.
WiHbAire Moray Firth
Wick 11^ MTisclie:kalk
WhitstaWe Eeigate
Market Weighton Holderness

•312
&
JGfi golm^fidale
Mersey R.
H Davis,
Goose Bay

=
W. M.

SeirpoB Moors ScTuthanipton

Davies, W. ^ Dpvil's Bridge

:.

313
S0013685

57.18511
616
-^: 12017'107

iff: LOO 7C

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