AS440 AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR) SPECIFICATION INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENTS General description ‘AS4AO is a half wave phase controlled thyristor type AVR ‘and forms part of the excitation system for a brushless ‘generator. The design employs Surface Mount Technology {SMT for high integration of features in smal footprint AVR. Positive voltage build up from residual levels is ensured by the use of efficient semiconductors in the power circuitry of the AVR. The power and voltage sensing circults have separate terminals, allowing the excitation power to be derived directly from the stator winding for basic ‘applications or from an auxiliary winding if sustained short ‘circuit performance is required. ‘The AVR is linked with the main stator windings and the ‘exciter field windings to provide closed loop control of the ‘output voltage with load regulation of #/- 1.0%. The AVR voltage sensing terminals continuously sample the output windings for voltage control purposes. In response to this sample voltage, the AVR controls the power fed to the exciter fel, and hence the main fei, to maintain the machine output voltage within the specified limits, compensating for load, speed, temperature and power factor, of the generator. ‘A frequency measuring circuit continually monitors the generator output and provides under-speed protection of the excitation system, by reducing the output voltage proportionally with speed below a pre-settable threshold. A manual adjustment is provided for factory setting of the Under frequeney roll off point, (UFRO), This can easily be ‘changed to 50 or 60 Hz in the field by push-on link selection. (Over excitation conditions are limited to a safe period by a protection circuit within the AVR. Provision is made for the connection of a remote voltage ‘trimmer, allowing the user fine control of the generator's output. ‘An analogue input is provided allowing connection to the Power Factor controller or other extemal devices with ‘compatible output. ‘The AVR has the facility for droop CT connection, to allow parallel running with other similarly equipped generators. Technical specification SENSING INPUT Voltage Jumpor solactable “300-130 Vae 1 phase or 4190-268 Vac 1 phase Frequency 50-60 Hz nominal POWER INPUT Votage 100-264 V ac 1 phase Frequency 0-00 Hz nominal oureur. Votage sav de. @ 200Vac. current continuous 44 (see note 1). transient 7 5A for 10 secs, Resistance 15 ohms min (10 ohms min whon input volts i less than 175 ac) REGULATION i= 1.0% (see note 2) ‘THERMAL DRIFT 10.03% per deg. C change in AVR ambient (see note 3) ‘TYPICAL SYSTEM RESPONSE [AVR response 20ms Filed current 0 90% 20 ms Machine ots to 9755 300m EXTERNAL VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT "0% with Tk ohm 1 watt trimmer (see note 4) Increasing resistance lowers votlags UNDER FREQUENCY PROTECTION ‘Setpoint wa cute Hz (see note 9) UNIT POWER DISSIPATION 12 watts maximum BUILD UP VOLTAGE 4 Volts @ AVR terminals [ANALOGUE INPUT. ‘Maximum input +5 Vde (se note 6) Sensitvty1V for 5% Generator Volts (adjustabley Input resistance Tk ohm ‘QUADRATURE DROP INPUT 10 ohms burden Max. sensitivity 0.07 A for 58% droop OFF Max input 033 A OVER EXCITATION PROTECTION Setpoint 65Vde Time dolay 10-15 seconds (ted) ENVIRONMENTAL Vibration 20-100 Hz SOmmisee ‘ooriz—2kHz © 3.39 Operating temperature “40 to #70€ (note 7) Relative Humidity 0-70C ‘98% (note &) Storage temperature “55 10 *80C Notes 1. Detato by 12% f mounted in ‘portrait orientation Witn 4% engine goveming. Alor 2 minutes, Generator devate may apply. Check wth factory. Factory set, Sem-seaiod, jumper seloctabie. ‘Any device connected to the analogue inpul must be fully ‘osting (gaivanicaly isolated from ground), wth an insulation strength of 500V ac. De-rate output curent by 5% per degree C above 60C. Non condensingDESIGN DETAIL Voltage Sensing Droop O—— Potential Briser rinrmer O—[_Reetilr Superson | towke Synchronsing |_| Low Pass Detection Creu titer Reference Pover Voltage | supply Shon ore Detector I Level Power Arlegue De Ame Rane oetecer Snes Mixer Generator Driver Devices Over — LI stability ‘excitation Field Creuit etector ‘The main functions of the AVR are: Potential Divider and Rectifier takes a proportion of the {generator output voltage and attenuates it. The potential divider is adjustable by the AVR Volts potentiometer and external hand trimmer (when fitted). The output from the droop CT is also added to this signal. A reetifer converts the a.c. input signal into d.c for further processing. ‘The DG Mixer adds the Analogue input signal the Sensing signal. ‘The Amplifier (Amp) compares the sensing voltage to the Reference Vollage and amplifies the difference (error) to Provide a controling signal for the power devices. The Ramp Generator and Level Detector and Driver infinitely Control the conduction period of the Power Control Devices and hence provides the excitation system with the required ower to maintain the generator votage win spectied limits. The Stability Circuit provides adjustable negative ac feedback to ensure good steady state and transient performance of the control system. The Low He Detector measures the period of each electrical cycle and causes the reference voltage to be reduced approximately linearly with speed below a presettable threshold. A Light Emitting Diode gives indication of underspeed running. The Synchronising circuit is used to keep the Ramp Generator and Low Hz Detector locked to the generator ‘waveform period, The Low Pass Filler prevents distorted waveforms: affecting the operation of the AVR control circuit. ‘The Short Circuit Detector senses the presence of a short circult on the generator output and forces the Power Control Devices into full conduction. This only ‘occurs when the AVR is powered from an auxtiary winding, Power Control Devices vary the amount of exciter field ‘current in response to the error signal produced by the Amplifier. ‘Suppression components are included to prevent sub ‘oycle voltage spikes damaging the AVR components land also to reduce the amount of conducted noise on the generator terminals. The Over Excitation Detector continuously monitors the exciter field voltage and provides signals, to collapse the output voltage if an over excitation condition persists for the specified time period ‘The Power Supply provides the required voltages for the AVR circuitry.FITTING AND OPERATING REFER TO GENERATOR WIRING DIAGRAM. FOR CONNECTION DETAILS Hand trimmer terminals. Remove link before fitting hand trimmer. ————* (>| Link must be fitted when hand trimmer is not required. ‘Stability Selection Table No, Powerrange Response BD <100KW Slow AC <100KW Fast. BC 100-550KW Fast AS maT aA O Volts ZA 8 and Z2 — linked for normal operation “8 > S50KW Fast Exe Tie T Indicator LED ‘SUMMARY OF AVR CONTROLS CONTROL FUNCTION DIRECTION vours TO ADJUST GENERATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE CLOCKWISE INCREASES OUTPUT VOLTAGE stasiity | TOPREVENT VOLTAGE HUNTING ‘CLOCKWISE INCREASE THE DAMPING EFFECT staa SWITCH | TO OPTINISE TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE SEE TABLE ABOVE FRO TO SET THE UFRO KNEE POINT CLOCKWISE REDUCES THE KNEE POINT FREQUENCY oROOP TO SET THE GENERATOR DROOP TO St ATOPF | CLOCKWISE INCREASES THE OROOP vari To OPTINISE ANALOGUE INPUT SENSITWITY ‘CLOCKWISE INCREASES THE GAIN OR SENSITIVITY exc TRIP | TOSETOVER EXCITATION TRIPCUTOFF LEVEL _ | CLOCKWISE INCREASES THE CUT OFF LEVEL ADJUSTMENT OF AVR CONTROLS VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT ‘The generator output voltage is set at the factory, but can be altered by careful adjustment of the VOLTS. ‘control on the AVR board, or by the external hand trimmer if fitted. If major adjustment is necessary or you lose stability, follow the ‘VOLTAGE SETUP. PROCEDURE’ Terminals 1 and 2 on the AVR willbe fited with a shorting link fino hand trimmer is required, Terminals La and Lb are linked only for special low voltage applications. WARNING! Do not increase the voltage above the rated generator voltage. I in doubt, refer to the rating plate ‘mounted on the generator case, WARNING! Do not ground any of the hand trimmer terminals as these could be above earth potential, Failure to.cbserve this could cause equipment damage. WARNING! If'a replacement AVR has been fed or re-seting of the VOLTS adjustment is required, turn the VOLTS control fully anti-clockwise before running generator. VOLTAGE SETUP PROCEDURE For major adjustments and replacing the AVR. Read and understand this procedure before attempting to follow it. 1. Before running generator, turn the VOLTS contro! fully ant-clockwise. 2. Tum remote volts trimmer (if fitted) to midway position. 3. Tum STABILITY control to midway position. 4. Connect a suitable voltmeter (0-300V ac) across line to neutral of the generator. 5. Start generator set, and run on no load at nominal frequency e.g. 50-53Hz or 60-6342. 6. Ifthe red Light Emitting Diode (LED) is iluninated, Fefer tothe Under Frequency Roll Off (UFRO) adjustment. 7. Carefully turn VOLTS contro clockwise untl rated voltage is reached. 8. If instability is present at rated votage, refer to stability adlustment, then re-adjust voltage if necessary. 19, Vottage adjustment is now completed.FITTING AND OPERATING STABILITY ADJUSTMENT The AVR includes a stabilly or damping crcuil lo provide good steady state and transient performance of the generator. A switch i provided to change the response of the ‘Stability ci iffevent fave size generators and Spplostons The lable shows the options svalabl, The slow response settings may prove helpful in reducing lamp flicker. The correct settng of the Stability adjustment can be found by running the generator at no load and slowly fuming the stability control anticlockwise until the ‘generator voltage starts to become unstable. Ihe optimum or cntically damped position is slightly clockwise from this point (ie. where the machine volts ‘fe elable but close to the unetable region). UNDER FREQUENCY ROLL OFF (UFRO) ADJUSTMENT The AVR incorporates an underspecd protcetion circuit ‘which gives a voltsiHz characteristic when the generator speed falls below a presettable threshold known as the “knee point The red Light Emitting Diode (LED) gives indication that the UFRO circuit is operating. The UFRO adjustment is preset and sealed and only ‘requires the selection of SU'6UHZ using the jumper link For optimum setting, the LED should illuminate as the frequency falls just below nominal. i.e. 47Hz on a 50HZ system or 57Hz on a 60Hz system, DROOP ADJUSTMENT Generators intended for parallel operation are fitted with | ‘a quadrature droop C.T. which provides a power factor dependent signal for the AVR. The C.T. is connected to $1, S2.0n the AVR. The DROOP adjustment is normally preset in the works to give 5% voltage droop at full load zero power factor. Clockwise Increases the amount of C.T. signal injected into the AVR and increases the droop with lagging power factor (ens 2%) With the contra! filly anti-clockwise there is no droop. TRIM ADJUSTMENT ‘An analogue inpul (A1 A2) is provided (o connect lo a Power Factor Controller or other devices. It ie designed to accept de signals up to +/- 5 valts, WARNING! Any devices connected to this input must, bbe Tully Tloating and gatvanically Isolated trom ground, with an insulation capability of 500 Vac. observe this could result in equipment damage. ‘The de signal applied to this input adds to the AVR sensing, cirourt. AT Is connected to the AVE U volts. Positive on AZ increases excitation, Negative on AZ decteases excitation, ‘The TRIM control allows the user to adjust the sensitivity of the input. With TRIM fully anti-clockwise the extemally applied signal has no effect. Clockwise it has maximum effect Normal setting is fully clockwise when used with a Power Factor Controller. OVER EXCITATION (EXC TRIP) ADJUSTMENT ‘The adjustment is set and seale not be altered. ‘An over excitation condition is indicated on the common LED when also indicates under speed running. ‘The generator must be stopped to reset an over excitation, condition, the works and should