Aula 24

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 4πε 0 | rP − r '| 
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 dB = 0 &T & R2 dl.   
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& µ i dl × (r&P − r& ' )
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 B = ³ dB = 0 ³ | r&PT − r& 'R|2 dl    4π | rP − r '|3

 
 
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dl × (rP − r ' ) = dx′ iˆ × [(− x′) iˆ + y P ˆj ] = y P dx′ kˆ  I =³ = 2 =
[ ]

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y P2
P
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& µ i y P dx′ B = 0 P × 2 = 0 kˆ
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&
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=
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12
=
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& & & &
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& & &
& µi dl × ( rP − r ' ) 1R([HPSORYLPRVTXHXPILRORQJRFRPXPDFRUUHQWHHOpWULFD i A FULD
B= 0
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& FRP R ILR 6H FRORFDUPRV XP RXWUR ILR ORQJR SDUDOHODPHQWH DR SULPHLUR TXH
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& & & & & FKDPDUHPRVGHILR% WDPEpPFRPXPDFRUUHQWHHOpWULFD i B HDXPDGLVWkQFLD5
rP − r ' = b HDGLUHomRGH b pUDGLDOSRUWDQWRVHPSUHSHUSHQGLFXODUD dl (QWmR
& & GHOH HVWH VHJXQGR ILR VRIUHUi XPD IRUoD GR FDPSR PDJQpWLFR GR SULPHLUR ILR $
& µ i dl × b µ i πb dl dl b sen 90º µ0i πb dl
B= 0 ³ 3 = 0 ³ 2
4π ³0 b2
=  )LJXUDPRVWUDRVILRVHRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRJHUDGRSHORILR$QRILR%
4π b 4π 0 b b3


TXHGi
µ0 I
Bb =  SDUDIRUDGRSDSHO 
 4b
$QDORJDPHQWHSDUDRVHPLFtUFXORGHUDLR a 

µ0 I
Ba =  HQWUDQGRQRSDSHO 
 4a
/RJRFRPR a = b / 2 DLQGXomRPDJQpWLFDGRVHPLFtUFXORGHUDLR a pPDLRUTXHD

GRVHPLFtUFXORGHUDLR b $LQGXomRUHVXOWDQWHpHQWmR
)LJXUD)LRVFRPFRUUHQWHVSDUDOHODV
µ0 I 1 1
BT = ( − )  HQWUDQGRQRSDSHO  
 4 a b
'HDFRUGRFRPTXHYLPRVQR([HPSORRPyGXORGDLQGXomRPDJQpWLFD
&RPR a = b / 2 YHP
QRILR%p
µ I 2 1 µI µ0 iA
 BT = 0 ( − ) = 0  HQWUDQGRQRSDSHO 
4 b b 4b BA = .
2π R


 
 
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HQWmR & µi uˆT × uˆ R µ (i dl uˆT ) × uˆ R



B= 0
4π ³ r2
dl = 0
4π ³ r2 
& & µ0 i A µ 0 i A iB l 
FAB = iB l × B A = iB l = .

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& & µ 0 iB µ 0 i A iB l 
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 2π R 2 π R   

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LGrQWLFR DR GD IRUoD TXH $ H[HUFH VREUH % 0DV GH DFRUGR FRP D UHJUD GD PmR 
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i dl uˆT = ( j A) dl uˆT = j dV = n q v dV , 
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 H[SUHVVmRDLQWHJUDOGDLQGXomRPDJQpWLFDILFD
   ; 
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(i dl uˆT ) × uˆ R µ 0 § q v × uˆT ·
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B= 0
4π ³ r2 =
4π ³ © r 2 ¹
¨ ¸ n dV ,

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;         


& µ q v& × uˆT
8PDFRUUHQWHHOpWULFDQDGDPDLVpTXHRPRYLPHQWRGLUHFLRQDGRGHFDUJDV  B = 0   
4π r2
HOpWULFDVDVVLPRIDWRGHXPDFRUUHQWHHOpWULFDJHUDUXPFDPSRPDJQpWLFRLQGLFD

TXH XPD FDUJD HOpWULFD VR]LQKD SRGH WDPEpP JHUDU XP FDPSR PDJQpWLFR 9DPRV
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& &
SHUSHQGLFXODU j GH r H v  $V OLQKDV GH IRUoD PDJQpWLFDV VmR FtUFXORV FRPR  
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GHPRYLPHQWRGDFDUJDHpPi[LPRQRSODQRSHUSHQGLFXODUDHVWDOLQKDSDVVDQGR 4XDQGRHVWXGDPRVDOHLGH&RXORPEYLPRVTXHDFRQVWDQWH K e TXHDSDUHFHQD


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&
6H VXSXVHUPRV TXH R FDPSR HOpWULFR E  JHUDGR SHOD FDUJD HP $ QmR p q1 q2
Fe = K e 
DIHWDGRSHORPRYLPHQWRGHODSRGHPRVHVFUHYHUTXH r2
 HUD GHWHUPLQDGD H[SHULPHQWDOPHQWH D SDUWLU GD GHILQLomR GD XQLGDGH GH FDUJD
& 1 q HOpWULFD R &RXORPE (OD p H[SUHVVD HP WHUPRV GH XPD RXWUD FRQVWDQWH ± D
E= uˆ R . 
4π ε 0 r 2 SHUPLVVLYLGDGHHOpWULFD ε 0 SRU

7LUDQGRRYDORUGH û R GHVVDH[SUHVVmRHOHYDQGRHP  REWHPRV 1


Ke = 
 4π ε 0
& & & 1 & & 3RU RXWUR ODGR D IRUoD PDJQpWLFD TXH DWXD HQWUH GRLV ILRV UHWLOtQHRV H ORQJRV
 B = µ 0 ε 0 v × E = 2 v × E ,   
c SHUFRUULGRV SRU XPD FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD H VHSDUDGRV GH XPD GLVWkQFLD R  p GDGD
 SHODHTXDomR  RX  
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q &".(&#%"
Fm = K m 
2π R
1DH[SUHVVmR  KRXYHDVXEVWLWXLomR
(OD FRQWpP XPD FRQVWDQWH GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDGH K m  TXH WDPEpP p H[SUHVVD HP

WHUPRVGHXPDRXWUDFRQVWDQWH±DSHUPLVVLYLGDGHPDJQpWLFD µ 0 SRU
1
c= = 2,9979 ×108 PV  
µ0 ε 0 µ0
 Km =
4π 

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GHILQLomRTXHRYDORUGH K m GHYHVHU
$ HTXDomR   YDOH TXDQGR D YHORFLGDGH GD FDUJD p PXLWR PHQRU TXH D
K m = 10 −7 c 2 
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ε0 = = = 8,854 × 1012 C 2 / N m 2 
 µ0 c 2 4 π ×10 −7 c 2
 PHGLGRH[SHULPHQWDOPHQWH
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 DPSqUH FRPR XQLGDGH GH FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD TXH SHUFRUUHQGR GRLV FRQGXWRUHV


 
 
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FDPSRV QR SRQWR 3 VmR SHUSHQGLFXODUHV DR SODQR GR FLUFXLWR H WrP VHQWLGR SDUD
HOpWULFD  FRPR VHQGR D FDUJD HOpWULFD TXH IOXL SRU XQLGDGH GH iUHD H WHPSR XP
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FRQGXWRUTXHSRVVXLXPDFRUUHQWHGHXPDPSqUH
GDGRQR([HPSOR



& µ i L
             B= 0 kˆ 

[
2π r L2 + 4 rP2 ]1/ 2

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' & & a  VmR LJXDLV SRLV R
dl = dx′ iˆ rP = 0 iˆ − y P ˆj r ' = x′ iˆ  2V FDPSRV PDJQpWLFRV JHUDGRV SHORV ILRV GH FRPSULPHQWR

& & SRQWR 3 HVWi HTLGLVWDQWH GHOHV $ GLVWkQFLD HQWUH 3 H HOHV YDOH b / 2  (QWmR SDUD
OHPEUH TXH r '  p R YHWRUSRVLomR GH d l QR VLVWHPD GH FRRUGHQDGDV HVFROKLGR 
HVVHVGRLVILRVWHPRV
(QWmR
& & µ0 i a 2 µ0 i a
rP − r ' = − x′ iˆ − y P ˆj  =
[ ] [ ]
Ba = 2 
2π b / 2 a 2 + 4 b 2 / 4 1 / 2 π b a 2 + b2 1/ 2

(QWmR
& & & $QDORJDPHQWHSDUDRVILRVGHFRPSULPHQWR b WHPRV
dl × (rP − r ' ) = dx′ iˆ × [(− x′) iˆ − y P ˆj ] = − y P dx′ kˆ 
µ0 i b 2 µ0 i b
= 
[ ] [ ]
Bb = 2
RQGHRXQLWiULR k̂ WHPDGLUHomRSHUSHQGLFXODUjIROKDGHSDSHOHRVHQWLGRSDUD 2π a / 2 b 2 + 4 a 2 / 4 1/ 2 π a a2 +b2 1/ 2

IRUDGHOD3RUWDQWR $LQGXomRPDJQpWLFDWRWDOVHUi
& µ i y P dx′ 2 µ0 i 2 µ0 i 2 µ0 i
dB = − 0 kˆ  a b §a b·
4π [(x′) 2 + y P2 ]3/2 B= Ba + Bb = + = ¨ + ¸
[
π b a 2 + b2 ]
1/ 2
[
π a a2 +b2 ] 1/ 2
π [a 2 + b 2 ]
1/ 2
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2 µ0 i § a2 + b2 · 2 µ 0 i § ( a 2 + b 2 )1 / 2 ·
& µ i B= ¨¨ ¸¸ = ¨ ¸¸
π [a + b ]
L
B=− 0 kˆ  2 1/ 2 𠨩
[ ] © ab
2
¹ ab ¹
2π y P L2 + 4 y P2 1/ 2




 
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