6 Chemistry in Biology

ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON

Write the Encounter the Phenomenon question for this module.

Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Encounter the Phenomenon
question. Then list the questions you have about the Encounter the Phenomenon question in the
“What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the module, fill in the “What I Learned” column.

K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

61
Chemistry in Biology
1 Matter
REVIEW Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
VOCABULARY
substance is a form of matter that has a uniform and
substance
unchanging composition

NEW VOCABULARY Compare the terms in the table by defining them.

atom
Atom building block of matter
electron
Nucleus the center of an atom, contains Electron
neutron neutrons and protons A negatively
charged particles
nucleus Proton Neutron that occupies space
a positively charged particles with no around an atoms
proton nucleus
particle that resides in charge located in
compound the nucleus the nucleus

covalent bond
element Complete the paragraph below using the terms listed to the left.

ion A substance that cannot be broken down into other

substances is a(n) element . Carbon-14 is a(n)
ionic bond isotope . It has a different number of neutrons than other
isotope carbon atoms. A(n) compound forms when two or more
elements combine. The chemical bond that holds the elements
molecule
together is a(n) covalent bond when electrons are shared.
A substance with this kind of bond is called a(n) molecule .
An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons becomes a(n)
ion , which carries an electric charge. Two of these
oppositely charged atoms can form an electrical attraction called a(n)

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

ionic bond .

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

62
 1 Matter (continued)
Model an oxygen atom and label the parts. Note the type of electric
charge for each part. Then complete the sentence that follows.

The overall charge of the oxygen atom is zero , because

the atom has an euqual number of positively charged protons and

negatively charged electrons, and neutrons have no charge. .

Get It? Identify three pieces of information about an element you

can find in its individual block in the periodic table.

atomic mass, atomic number, atomic symbol

Compare and contrast the characteristics of carbon-14 by completing

the following sentences.
Structurally, carbon-14 differs from other carbon atoms because

it has diffrent number of neatrons than other carbon atoms

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Carbon-14 is radioactive because it's nucleus decays and breaks apart

Knowing the half-life of carbon-14 enables scientists to

calculate the age of an object . .

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

63
1 Matter (continued)
Identify four unique characteristics of compounds.

Compounds are made up of 2 The properties of a compound

or more elements and they are are different from the elements
all chemically bonded. that make it up.

Compounds

Compounds can be broken Compounds can be separated

back into elements by chemical only chemically, not by physical
reaction, exposure to light, etc. means

Compare positively and negatively charged ions.

ly
s i tive hen it equal number of electrons &
po d w protons & has a neutral charge
rge
Atom cha
becomes neg
cha ativel
rge y When an atom gains electrons it is
dw called an anion
hen
it

Get It? Compare ionic solids and liquids.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Ionic solids are solid compounds composed of oppositely charged ions
held together by electrostatic attractions.

Ionic solids have positively charged and negative charge ion.

Molecular solids have polar or nonpolar molecules.
Ionic solids have strong bonds. The density of ionic solids is very high.

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

64
 1 Matter (continued)
Label the following parts of the water molecule illustrated below.
• hydrogen atom(s) • first energy level
• oxygen atom(s) • second energy level

8 p+
0
8n

p+ p+

Covalent
Water bond
molecule
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

CONNECT
A chemical compound in your toothpaste helps protect your teeth from decay. The formula for
this compound is Na2PO3F. Use the periodic table in your book to identify each element in this
compound.

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

65
1 Matter (continued)
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
1. Diagram Sodium has 11 protons and 11 neutrons in its nucleus. Draw a sodium atom.
Be sure to label the particles.

2. Explain why carbon monoxide (CO) is or is not an atom.

3. Explain Are all compounds molecules? Why or why not?

4. Compare ionic bonds and covalent bonds.

5. Explain how the number of electrons in an energy level affects bond formation.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

6. Beryllium has four protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons are in beryllium-9?
Explain how you calculated your answer.

Science Notebook • Chemistry in Biology

66