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WASTE WATER
WASTE WATER
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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
______________________________________
ABOVE & UNDER GROUND DRAINAGE
diploma in building
uitm perakTS NORISHAHAINI MOHAMED
Presentedby:
Presented by:
ISHAK
TS NORISHAHAINI MOHAMED ISHAK
WEEK 7
CONTENT
• Principles
Above Ground
Drainage System • Types

• Principles
Under Ground
Drainage System • Types

Design of Drainage
• 11 factors
System

Principles of
• 6 point
Drainage Pipe
Installation

• 1. Pvc 2. uPVC 3. Vitrified Clay

Materials of pipe • 4. Cast Iron 5. Bituminised Fibre 6. Concrete
 PRINCIPLES of
ABOVE GROUND DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Soil and waste pipe systems should be designed to carry away
the discharges from sanitary fittings quickly and quietly
without the risk of injury to the health of the occupants of the
building.
• The Building Regulations Part N gives the following definitions
and requirements for the installation drainage above ground
system.
• Drainage above ground pipe consists:
a. Branching pipe is connected from sanitary fitting with
single stack pipe
b. Single stack pipe is installed vertically to ease discharge
of waste and wastewater
c. Vent pipe releases compressed air
TYPES OF
ABOVE GROUND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1 pipe
system

ABOVE
GROUND
DRAINAGE
Single
stack
SYSTEM 2 pipe
system
system
ONE PIPE SYSTEM TWO PIPE SYSTEM
SINGLE STACK PIPE
SYSTEM
COMPARISON ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
ONE, TWO & SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
SYSTEM TYPES OF PIPES MERIT DISMERIT

ONE PIPE Waste and waste water Require only one main pipe Vent pipe installation is
pipe complicated
Vent pipe Require more pipelines for
vent pipe

TWO PIPE Waste pipe More effective drainage Require two types of pipe
Waste water pipe Complicated installation
work

SINGLE STACK Waste and waste water Require only one single Ventilation is- less efficient
pipe pipe
 PRINCIPLES of
UNDER GROUND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

• The efficient disposal of foul and surface water from a

building is of great importance to public health and is an
essential part of the construction of a building.
• If a drain is unsound and leaks, the escaping water may
contaminate the water supply or air.
• The escaping water may also wash away the soil below the
foundation and cause a risk of settlement of part of the
building.
• The Building Regulations 1972 Part N deals with drainage
below ground and the student is strongly advised to become
familiar with the various requirements.
TYPES OF
UNDER GROUND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Combine
System

UNDER
GROUND
DRAINAGE
Partially
Separate
SYSTEM Separate
System
system
COMBINE SYSTEM SEPARATE SYSTEM
PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SEPARATE &
COMBINE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
NO. SEPARATE SYSTEM COMBINED SYSTEM

1. Two set of drain Only one drain for both foul and surface water

2. Increase the cost of building drainage Reduces the cost of building drainage

3. There a risk of a wrong connection There is no risk of making a wrong connection

4. The size of sewage disposal plant is much smaller The size of the sewage disposal plant is greater

5. The cost of sewage purification is less The cost of the sewage disposal is greater

THINK !!! .
State the comparisons between the separate and partially separate system.
 THE DESIGN of DRAINAGE SYSTEM

a) The layout of the system should be simple and direct as possible.

b) The number of bends, traps and manholes kept a minimum.
c) The pipe should be straight line, from point to point.
d) The pipes should be non-absorbent, durable, smooth in bore and of
adequate strength.
e) The pipes should be adequately supported without restricting
movement.
f) All the parts of the drainage system should be accessible for inspection
and cleaning
g) The pipes should be laid to a self-cleansing gradient.
h) Pipes should not pass near trees.
i) Pipe should not pass under a building and pipes should not be close to
building foundation.
j) Drainpipes should be at least 900 mm below roads and at least 600 mm
below field and gardens.
k) Pipe are not under a road and the depth below ground is less than 600
mm.
 PRINCIPLES of
DRAINAGE SYSTEM PIPE INSTALLATION

• Underground pipe is always exposed to the earth pressure surrounding it, chemical
reaction in the soil, temperature change and vehicle load moving over the pipe.
• The pipe should be of high strength and durability but it’s depending on the quality of
QUALITY material used to ensure longer service.

• A good quality drainage pipe installation should be watertight

• Waste or waste water should not seep out of the pipe and contaminate the soil and its
WATERTIGHT surrounding.

• Gradient is an important factor in the installation of underground drainage pipe

because treatment process begins in this pipe.
• The pipes gradient should follow the recommended installation standard to ensure that
GRADIENT solid in sewage does not settle at the base of the pipe or clog the pipe.
 PRINCIPLES of
DRAINAGE SYSTEM PIPE INSTALLATION

• Drainage is more efficient if the pipes are connected straight from one point to
another to reduce maintenance work.
STRAIGHTNESS • Bends in pipe should be minimized and used in specified location only.

• Ventilation in drainage pipe is needed to prevent gasses accumulation.

• Effective ventilation is required in drainage pipe.
VENTILATION

• The soil that supports the pipe should be reinforced or replaced with the suitable
material.
• There are numerous methods used to support pipe depending on soil condition
SUPPORT and strength of drainage pipe.
 No. Pipe Material Characteristics Installation Location
1 PVC Able to resist corrosion Inside and outside of
Flexible when imposed with buildings
load
Easy to install
Lightweight

MATERIALS
of PIPE
2 uPVC Easy to form High chemical content soil
Fewer connections

3 Vitrified clay Able to resist corrosion Deep underground or there is

Breakable when imposed no load above it
with load

4 Concrete Non-resistance to corrosion Unexposed area

Suitable for large diameter
conduit

5 Cast iron Less resistance to corrosion High load on the ground

in acidic soil Installed at shallow depth
Require enamel membrane in Unstable soil
acidic surrounding to resist
corrosion
Resilient to high load
Strong

6 Bituminised fibre Easy to install Unstable soil

Lightweight
Economical
High elasticity
Able to resist corrosion
Cannot withstand petrol
solvent, chemical and fat
 10U4
ur
attention.