UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

HOME ECONOMICS LITERACY

SUBJECT CODE: TLE 026
TOPIC OR LESSON 1: Hairdressing
WEEK: 4
SUB-TOPIC/S: Treatment of hair and scalp, Shampooing, Blow-drying

OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

WHAT IS HAIRDRESSING?

Hairdressing is a custom of cutting and arranging the hair, practiced by men and women from
ancient times to the present. Moreover, it is a preparation for grooming and styling the hair.

A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a
person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting, and hair texturing
techniques. Most hairdressers are professionally licensed as either a hairdresser, a barber, or a
cosmetologist.

Hairdressing as an occupation dates back thousands of years. Ancient art drawings and paintings
have been discovered depicting people working on another person's hair. Greek writers Aristophanes and
Homer both mention hairdressing in their writings. In Africa, it was believed in some cultures that a
person's spirit occupied his or her hair, giving hairdressers high status within these communities. The
status of hairdressing encouraged many to develop their skills, and close relationships were built between
hairdressers and their clients. Hours would be spent washing, combing, oiling, styling, and ornamenting
their hair. Men would work specifically on men, and women on other women. Before a master hairdresser
died, they would give their combs and tools to a chosen successor during a special ceremony.
In ancient Egypt, hairdressers had specially decorated cases to hold their tools, including lotions,
scissors, and styling materials. Barbers also worked as hairdressers, and wealthy men often had personal
barbers within their home. With the standard of wig wearing within the culture, wigmakers were also
trained as hairdressers. In ancient Rome and Greece household slaves and servants took on the role of
hairdressers, including dyeing and shaving. Men who did not have their own private hair or shaving
services would visit the local barbershop. Women had their hair maintained and groomed at their homes.
Historical documentation is lacking regarding hairstylists from the 5th century until the 14th century. Hair
care service grew in demand after a papal decree in 1092 demanded that all Roman Catholic clergymen
remove their facial hair.

In the United States today, a state license is required for hairdressers to practice, with
qualifications varying from state to state. Generally, a person interested in hairdressing must have a high
school diploma or GED, be at least 16 years of age, and have graduated from a state-licensed barber or

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cosmetology school. Full-time programs often last 9 months or more, leading to an associate degree.
After students graduate from a program, they take a state licensing exam, which often consists of a
written test, and a practical test of styling or an oral exam. Hairdressers must pay for licenses, and
occasionally licenses must be renewed. Some states allow hairdressers to work without obtaining a new
license, while others require a new license.

LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the students are expected to:

a. Discuss the basic concepts and underlying theories in hairdressing.

b. Explain the core concepts and theories in hair care and scalp treatment.

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

a. Demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and underlying theories in hairdressing.

b. Demonstrates an understanding of the core concepts and theories in hair care and scalp treatment.

ENGAGE

“JUMBLED LETTERS”

1. OPOMASH
2. IRHA
3. DBRLWOY
4. LYETS
5. PSLCA

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 EXPLORE

UNLOCKING HAIR CARE JARGONS

 Hair Spa – a component of hair and scalp treatment that contains curative mineral/spring water
that relaxes hair, making it relieved from any form of hair tension

 Hair Reborn – a hair treatment given to maintain its healthy condition that brings hair back to its
normal desired condition.

 Hot Oil Treatment – a hair treatment given to patron who suffers dry and brittle hair to prevent
the occurrence of split ends.

 Consult – to seek information from

 Tangles – knotted hair

 Cape – sleeveless garment fastened at the neck and hanging over the shoulders and back

 Shampoos – preparations for cleaning the hair and scalp

 Cleanse – to make clean or pure

EXPLAIN

COMMONLY USED TOOLS/EQUIPMENT IN HAIRDRESSING

TOOLS/EQUIPMENT DEFINITION

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 The standard size most hairdressers use is
between 5.5 inches and 6.5 inches depending on
the results they want. A 5.5-inch shear is ideal for
precision cutting, while a longer shear, say,
between 6 and 7 inches, works well for bigger
jobs like large sections, compressed cutting, and
deep texturizing.
A longer shear also reduces the time it takes to
execute a one-length bob or a scissor-over-comb
technique and allows you to comfortably cut the
hair around a client’s face.

Trimming Scissors

When you want to remove weight in a hurry,

soften lines or add controlled texture, you need a
blending shear. Sometimes called a thinning
shear, this versatile tool has evenly spaced teeth
on one side and a straight blunt blade on the other.

Blending Shears
It is an electromechanical device that blows
ambient or hot air over damp hair to speed the
evaporation of water to dry the hair. Blow dryers
enable better control over the shape and style of
hair, by accelerating and controlling the formation
of temporary hydrogen bonds within each strand.
These bonds are powerful (allowing stronger hair
shaping than the sulfur bonds formed by
permanent waving products) but are temporary
and extremely vulnerable to humidity. They
disappear with a single washing of the hair.

Blow Dryer
Curling irons, also known as curling tongs, create
waves or curls in hair using a variety of different
methods. There are many different types of
modern curling irons, which can vary by
diameter, material, and shape of barrel and the

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 type of handle. The barrel's diameter can be
anywhere from .5 in (1.3 cm) to 2 in (5.1 cm).
Smaller barrels typically create spiral curls or
ringlets, and larger barrels are used to give shape
and volume to a hairstyle. Curling irons are
typically made of ceramic, metal, Teflon,
titanium, tourmaline. The barrel's shape can either
be a cone, reverse cone, or cylinder, and the iron
can have brush attachments or double and triple
barrels. The curling iron can also have either a
clipless, Marcel, or spring-loaded handle. Spring-
loaded handles are the most popular and use a
spring to work the barrel's clamp. When using a
Marcel handle, one applies pressure to the clamp.
Clipless wands have no clamp: the user simply
wraps hair around a rod. Most clipless curling
irons come with a Kevlar glove to avoid burns.

Curling Iron
Straightening irons, straighteners, or flat irons
work by breaking down the positive hydrogen
bonds found in the hair's cortex, which cause hair
to open, bend and become curly. Once the bonds
are broken, hair is prevented from holding its
original, natural form, though the hydrogen bonds
can re-form if exposed to moisture. Straightening
irons use mainly ceramic material for their plates.
Low-end straighteners use a single layer of
ceramic coating on the plates, whereas high-end
straighteners use multiple layers or even 100%
ceramic material. Some straightening irons are
fitted with an automatic shut off feature to prevent
fire accidents.

Straightening Iron

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 A razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the
removal of body hair through the act of shaving.
Kinds of razors include straight razors, safety
razors, disposable razors, and electric razors.

This is an incredible tool that plays a significant

role in helping you remove the hair swiftly while
building an astonishing structure. If you want a
lived-in look that’s both clean and precise,
consider using a high-quality razor that’s outfitted
with interchangeable blades. This will make it
easier for you to create classic straight-razor
cutting, texturizing, as well as blending.

Razor
When it comes to quickly and safely detangling
hair, there’s nothing like a paddle brush to do the
trick. It’s also the brush of choice for flat-
wrapping or volume wrapping hair before
finishing.

Another plus: The wide, rectangular surface is

ideal for creating tension across a large surface
while blow drying.

Look for a design with a soft cushioned base and

ball-tipped nylon bristles infused with tourmaline.
This will create more tension and shine within the
hair with less work.
Paddle Brush

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 A variety of combs will make any job easier—
creating clean sections when cutting, coloring or
styling hair; scissor-over-comb or clipper-over-
comb techniques; and separating, straightening
and styling the hair.

A comb set featuring a tail comb, a short cutting

comb, a long cutting comb and a wide cutting
comb will cover all the bases.

Combs

Clips are ideal for sectioning hair while styling,

cutting, or coloring. Still, not all clips are created
equal. Look for ones that provide maximum grip
on dry hair so you can isolate large sections of
hair when dry cutting. You also want a clip that
will not leave marks, a must for creating pristine
upstyles.
Sectioning Clips

Shampoo bowls are often utilized for hair

washing as well as hair conditioning. Customers
sit on their heads back towards the shampoo bowl
whenever the hairdresser needs to clean or
shampoo your hair.

Shampoo Bowl

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 Every hairdresser should have a water bottle that
fits easily in their hand while lightly misting or
quickly saturating the hair.

Water Spray Bottle

A round brush is an absolute necessity when it

comes to executing flawless blowouts, but it is
important to choose the right size for the job.

A small barrel is best for styling short hair, a

medium barrel creates fullness at the base, and a
large barrel is ideal for long, loose waves or
straight looks with body.

A round brush can also transform fine hair,

making it look fuller and thicker.

Round Brush
PREPARING CLIENTS

PATRON’S CARE

Patron’s care is essential to your success as a hairdresser. It is an important part of all that you do
for the patron in the salon. It involves concern for your patron, and genuinely wanting to meet all his/her
needs satisfactorily.

Patron’s care means looking after his/her safety and making sure that he/she is comfortable,
satisfied with the service and safely attended. This begins when the client/patron enters the salon and
continues until he/she leaves. For patron’s care to be fully attended to, an initial consultation is essential.
This applies to both new and regular patrons.

Consultation

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 A consultation is a meeting at which advice is given and taken, consists of talking to the patron,
listening to her so that you can consider her needs and jointly negotiating a suitable course of action. You
will be expected to exchange views with her, and to discuss with her just what is to be done with her hair.

TIPS
 Good client care starts with careful
consultation.
 Record all client information.
 Ensure that it is easy to retrieve.

Patrons expect the salon to be clean. They expect that good hygiene is maintained. There are
various kinds of hair and scalp treatment, the two most
common kinds are:

 Hair Spa – a component of hair and scalp treatment that contains curative mineral/spring water
that relaxes hair, making it relieved from any form of hair tension
 Hair Reborn – a hair treatment given to maintain its healthy condition that brings hair back to its
normal desired condition
 Hot Oil Treatment – a hair treatment is given to patron who suffers dry and brittle hair to
prevent the occurrence of split ends
Ask the patron which hair and scalp treatment he/she prefers, as this may need different kinds of
materials and treatment products to be used.

Ways to Keep the Salon Hygienically Clean

 Use only clean towels and gowns for each patron.

 Wash combs and brushes before sterilizing or disinfecting them.
 Use 70% alcohol for cleaning tools.
 Keep floors and surfaces clear, tidy and clean.
 Maintain good personal and general hygiene.
 Wash your hands regularly.

PREPARING THE PATRONS

Once patron has arrived for an appointment and you have taken care of his/her belongings, find
out what services have been requested and prepare patron accordingly.

 Check if the chair/seat is clean.

 Place tissue or towel over the patron’s collar and shoulders.
 Place a suitably sized gown and secure it.

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  Make sure all the patron’s clothes are covered.
 All materials are secured so that they remain in place.

Preparing Hair and Scalp

 Hair needs to be free from tangles.

 Loose the hair apart with your fingers.
 Using a wide-toothed comb, start combing the hair, upward to the scalp.
 Remove tangles without pulling, scratching, or breaking the comb.
 Brush and comb hair smoothly without jerking the patron’s head.
 Check on the scalp for abrasions or blemishes.

PREPARING TOOLS / EQUIPMENT

Choose a comb that is unbroken, flexible, well balanced, nonflammable, resistant to chemicals,
and easy to clean. It should have widely spaced teeth, and have no mould marks or sharp edges.

Use only good quality tools to avoid damaging the hair and apply them gently and correctly.

A good brush will penetrate and grip the hair and allow you to place the hair where you want it.

BASIC TECHNIQUES IN SCALP MANIPULATIONS

With each movement described below, the hands are placed under the hair. Thus, the length of
the fingers, the balls of the fingers and the cushions of the palms stimulate the muscles, nerves and blood
vessels of the scalp area.

1. Relaxing Movement. Cupping chin in your left hand, place right hand at base
of skull and rotate gently. Reverse positions of the hands and repeat

2. Sliding Movement. Place fingertips on each side of head, slide firmly upward,
spreading the fingertips until they meet at the top of the head. Repeat four times

3. Sliding and Rotating Movement. Same as movement no. 2, except that after
sliding the fingertips one inch rotate and move the scalp. Repeat four times.

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 4. Forehead Movement. Hold back head with left hand. Place stretched thumb
and fingers of right hand, move hand slowly and firmly upward to one inch past
hairline. Repeat four times.

5. Moving the Scalp. Place palms of hands firmly against scalp. Lift scalp in a
rotary movement; first, with hands placed above ears; second, with hands
placed at front and back of head.

6. Hairline Movement. Place fingers of both hands at forehead, massage

around hairline by lifting and rotating.

7. Front Scalp Movement. Dropping back one inch, repeat foregoing

movement over entire front scalp.

8. Back Scalp Movement. Place fingers of each hand on sides of head, starting
below ears, manipulate with thumbs upward to crown, repeat four times.
Repeat thumb manipulations, working towards, center back of head.

9. Ear-To-Ear Movement. Place left hand on forehead; massage from right ear
to left ear along base of skull with heel of hand, using rotary movement.

10. Back Movement. Place left hand on forehead and stand at left of patron.

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Rotate with right hand from base of neck, along shoulder, and back across shoulder blade to spine. Slide
up spine to base of neck; repeat on opposite side.

11. Shoulder Movement. Place both palms together at base of neck with rotary
movement, catch muscles in the palms and massage along shoulder blades to
point of shoulder and back again. Then massage from shoulders to spine and
back again.

12. Spine Movement. Massage with rotary movement from base of skull down
the spine. Using a firm finger pressure, bring hand slowly to base of skull.

REMEMBER:
 Patron’s care is essential to your success as a hairdresser.
 Patron’s care is looking after his/her and making sure that she is comfortable,
satisfied with the service and safely attended.
 An initial consultation is essential for an effective patron’s care.
 Patrons expect that salon is hygienically maintained.
 Hair and scalp must be analyzed before giving a treatment.
 Equipment and tools should be selected and prepared accordingly

APPLYING SHAMPOO ON THE CLIENT

Shampooing the hair is an important preliminary step for various hair treatments. The importance
of a good shampoo should not be underestimated. The reputation for good shampooing builds friendly
relationships with the patrons and is the foundation for future business.

Shampoos are preparations for cleaning the hair and scalp. A shampoo is given both for sanitary
reasons and to obtain better results in relation to other hair works. The purpose of a shampoo is to cleanse
the hair and scalp. A shampoo to be effective, must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics present and the skin
debris from the scalp and hair shaft, without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair.

Unless the scalp and hair are cleansed regularly, the accumulation of oil and perspiration which
when mixed with natural scales and dirt offers a breeding place for disease producing bacteria. Permitting
this condition to exist can lead to a scalp disorder.

REMEMBER:
12 | P a ge Hair should be shampooed as often as necessary depending on how quickly the scalp and
hair become soiled.
 As a general rule, oily hair should be shampooed more often than normal or dry hair.
SELECTING THE CORRECT SHAMPOO

To make an intelligent choice of shampoo, the cosmetologist should know the composition and
action of the shampoo and whether it will do an effective job. To obtain this information, carefully read
the label and its shampooing literature.

SHAMPOOING PROCEDURE

Shampooing is the process of cleansing the hair and scalp from the dirt and dust present on it. A
thorough shampooing of the hair removes dirt, dandruff, or other cosmetics present. It also stimulates the
blood circulation, nourishes the scalp and promotes hair growth.

PREPARATION STEPS
1. Select and arrange required materials.
o Bath towels
o Shampoo
o Brush and
o Comb
o Shampoo cape
o Neck Strip
o Hair rinse
o Hair dryer
2. Wash and sanitize hands.
3. Seat patron comfortably. Adjust neck strip, towel, and shampoo
4. cape around patron’s neck.
5. Remove all the hair accessories from hair.
6. Examine patron’s hair and scalp condition.
7. Direct patron in a shampoo bowl and sit her comfortably.
8. Adjust volume and temperature of water.

MANIPULATING STEPS
1. Wet hair thoroughly with warm water spray held off the head. Shift hand to protect patron’s face
and ears from the spray.
2. Mix hot water with cold. Test the water mixture and temperature on the back of your hand. After
lifting the spray and before applying it to the client, test the water temperature again.

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 3. Check the water flow and pressure. Do not allow the water to flow down the neck or on the face
of the patron.
4. Keep one hand between the head and the water spray – you will then be aware of any temperature
changes.
5. Thoroughly wet the hair, avoid wetting the patron.
6. Apply shampoo, first into the palm of your hand. Distribute it evenly over the hair and scalp. Use
as little shampoo as is necessary, or most of it will be wasted.
7. With clawed fingers massage the scalp in a circular manner. Cover the whole scalp – be sure to
avoid missing any part.
8. Rinse the hair thoroughly, again checking the water temperature and pressure.
9. Finally rinse all traces of lather from the skin and hair.

COMPLETION STEPS
1. Comb the hair starting with hair ends at nape of neck.
2. Set the hair to the desired style.
3. Remove shampoo cape, towel, or neck strip.
4. Dry hair and comb out hair to appropriate hair style.
5. Discard used materials and place unused supplies in their proper place.
6. Clean and sanitize combs and brushes.
7. Place used towels into towel hampers.
8. Clean and sanitize shampoo bowl.
9. Wash and sanitize hands.

SAFETY MEASURES FOR SHAMPOOING

 Clean shampoo bowl and sanitize neck of the bowl before and after each use.
 Do not permit shampoo to get into patron’s eyes.
 Protect patron’s ears with bits of clean cotton if she is sensitive to water in the ears.
 Test water temperature before applying to patron’s head.
 Do not permit the fingernails to scratch the patron’s scalp.
 Always towel off the excess moisture from patron’s hair before she leaves the shampoo bowl.
 Do not turn the dryer to “HOT” if the patron is subject to high blood pressure.
 Do not permit the water to remain on the floor or around the shampoo bowl.
 Do not permit the shampoo cape to come in contact with the patron’s skin.
 Use sanitized combs, brushes, towels, and other implements to each patron.

REMEMBER:
 Shampooing is the preliminary step for all hair treatments.
 The primary aim of shampoo is to cleanse the hair and scalp from any dust and dirt present.
 A properly done shampoo accompanied by correct massage technique will stimulate the blood
circulation, nourishes the scalp, and promotes hair growth.
 Hair should be shampooed as often as necessary, depending on how quickly the scalp and hair
become soiled.
DRYING HAIR TO SHAPE AND TO CREATE A FINISHED LOOK

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Drying Hair Principles

Drying hair is the process of styling wet hair while blow-drying it. Using a hand-held dryer, you
use a variety of techniques to create different effects. While directing heated air on to the wet hair, you
mold the hair with brushes, use a comb or your fingers, and positioning it to fit the style for which you
have cut it.

Like other methods of setting wet hair, blow styling works by changing the hair structure. While
hair is wet, and heat is applied, it can be molded into a chosen shape. The style is only temporary, though.
As the hair gradually absorbs moisture from the atmosphere, it returns to its original shape. Combing
styled hair with hot water returns the hair to its natural form straight away.

Heat Molding Techniques

Heat can be applied to hair in other ways:

 To wave it using irons
 To curl it using tongs
 To crimp it using heated crimpers
 To straighten it using hot combs or hot brushes

Like other methods, these techniques depend on the softening effect of heat. The molded hair
must be allowed to cool before it will hold its shape. If you comb through it while it is still warm, you
will lose or distort the shape. Hair molded in this way returns to its natural state if combed with hot water.

Blow Styling Techniques

The technique you choose will be determined by the hair texture, the quality and quantity of hair,
the style to be produced and the cut. The most suitable hair for blow styling is firm, thick, and coarse hair.

These are additional styling aids:

 Thickeners
 Setting mousses and gels

These are designed to give directions to the hair. Fine and fluffy hair requires the help of one of
these if you are to obtain successful results.

BLOW – WAVING is shaping the hair into waves, using directed heated air from hair/ dryer,
and combs, brushes or your hands. It achieves natural soft fullness.

BLOW – DRYING is simply drying the hair with the hand held dryer. It is used to blow dry hair
into a chosen shape, or in a required direction.

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 SCRUNCH DRYING is the gripping and squeezing clumps of hair while directing heated air
into the hand. The process yields a casual, ruffled, molded shape.

FINGER OR HAND DRYING is the lifting pulling and directing hair with the fingers or hands.
Casual, soft, and full shapes can be achieved. Billowing fullness is perhaps the chief effect.

BLOW – COMBING is the drying and shaping using comb, or a comb attachment fixed to the
hairdryer. It is a kind of blow drying and achieves shape and direction.

BLOW – STRETCHING OR STRAIGHTENING a means of smoothing and unkinking or

straightening the hair. A variety of brush shapes and sizes may be used.

A blow – style consists of first shampooing the hair, then softening it with a dryer and finally
molding it into shape using a blow-dryer. It may be dressed, if required, when the hair has cooled.

Natural drying is leaving the hair to dry naturally, depending on whether the cut and the style
are suitable. Natural drying maybe assisted by the heat of the sun and wind.

HEALTH AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN BLOWDRYING

1. Use only professional tools.

2. Ensure that all electrical equipment are in good order.
3. Never use electrical equipment with wet hands – you might be electrocuted.
4. Never use faulty equipment.
5. Work comfortably. Avoid continually twisting or stretching your body.
6. Maintain high standards of hygiene.
7. Test the heat of the dryer before applying it to the hair. You may cause discomfort to your patron
or damage to the hair. If the air is too hot for the skin or too hot for the hair.
8. Direct hot air away from the scalp.
9. Do not keep the dryer in one place too long.
10. When straightening, never overstretch the hair.
11. Do not attempt to shape hair when it is too wet.
12. Pulling the hair may cause breakage.
13. Use suitable blow-drying aids to protect hair from overheating.
14. Do not blow style hair that is in poor condition.
15. Do not blow dry if the hair is too dry or wet.

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 ELABORAT
E
TRUE or FALSE: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct, and the word FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Shampoo the hair as often as necessary.

2. Hair brushing helps to normalize the oil glands.
3. Perform shampooing process with long fingernails.
4. Oily hair should be shampooed more often
5. Blow drying is the process of styling wet hair.

EVALUATE

SHAMPOOING TASK
Take a video and photos of yourself shampooing someone using a plain shampoo product.
Follow the steps in our lesson.

REFERENC
ES
 Home Economics – Hairdressing (NC II) Curriculum Guide May 2016

 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority-Qualification Standards Office.

Training Regulations for Hairdressing NC II. Taguig City, Philippines: TESDA, 2010.

 Hairdressing NC II Learning Modules - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sWwCvt1hZ-

JaTJh-qaQfgugLH-b08mQ5/view?usp=sharing and
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rhKsnxSe0dv7NX01Bf1dDDEHIxyn8qmx/view?
usp=sharing

ADDITIONAL
MATERIALS

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PREPARED BY:

IVY CHEZKA A. HALLEGADO JINKY L. HASSAN

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