Tavi XI.

saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi

1. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis istoria saqarTveloSi

1921 wlis saqarTvelos respublikis konstituciis mixedviT, saqarT-
velos respublikis mTel teritoriaze iqmneboda erTi umaRlesi sasa-
marTlo - senati, romelsac irCevda parlamenti.726 senati valdebuli
iyo: a) zedamxedveloba gaewia kanonis dacvisTvis, da b) ganexorciele-
bina sasamarTlo uflebamosileba, rogorc sakasacio sasamarTlos.727 sa-
moqalaqo, sisxlisa da administraciuli samarTlis saqmeTa sawamoeblad
unda Seqmniliyo mudmivi sasamarTloebi.728 mZime sisxlis samarTlis,
agreTve, politikuri da beWdviTi danaSaulisaTvis iqmneboda nafic msa-
julTa instituti.729 mosamarTle airCeoda vadiT, Tumca es vada ar iyo
miTiTebuli konstituciaSi.730 sasamarTlo organizaciis sxva sakiTxebi
unda gansazRvruliyo kanoniT, Tumca aseTi kanonis miReba veRar mox-
erxda.
rac Seexeba sabWoTa saqarTvelos periodSi arsebul sasamarTlo
sistemas, 1922 wlis konstituciiT qvemdgom dones warmoadgenda saxal-
xo sasamarTlo, romlis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda samazro da saqa-
laqo raionis teritoriaze. am sasamarTloebis mier miRebuli gadawy-
vetilebebi SeiZleboda gasaCivrebuliyo sakasacio wesiT saxalxo
mosamarTleTa sabWoSi, romelic mxolod erTi iyo mTeli respubli-
kisTvis da mdebareobda dedaqalaqSi.731 mosamarTleTa arCevis wesze, va-
debsa da saqmianobis garantiebze konstituciaSi ar iyo miTiTebuli.
1927 wlis konstituciaSi mxolod zogadad, principis doneze iyo da-
fiqsirebuli erTiani saxalxo sasamarTlos arseboba. igi mowyobili iyo
ssrk-is mier dadgenil safuZvlebze da moqmedebda im saproceso wesiT,
romlis ZiriTad safuZvlebs gansazRvravda ssrk.732
1937 wlis konstitucia SedarebiT met informacias Seicavda sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebis struqturis Sesaxeb. marTlmsajulebas axorci-
elebdnen saqarTvelos ssr uzenaesi sasamarTlo, afxazeTisa da aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikebis uzenaesi sasamarTloebi, samxreT oseTis av-
tonomiuri olqis sasamarTlo, ssr kavSiris specialuri sasamarTloebi,
romlebic iqmneboda ssr kavSiris uzenaesi sabWos gadawyvetilebiT,

726
1921 wlis saqarTvelos respublikis konstituciis 76-e muxli.
727
iqve, 77-e muxli.
728
iqve, 81-e muxli.
729
iqve, 82-e muxli.
730
iqve, 83-e muxli.
731
saqarTvelos ssr konstituciuri aqtebis krebuli (1921-1978), Semdgeneli gr. eremovi,
Tbilisi, 1983, 89.
732
iqv, 114-115.

362
da saxalxo sasamarTloebi. saqarTvelos ssr uzenaesi sasamarTlo,
romelsac 5 wlis vadiT irCevda saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWo, iyo umaR-
lesi respublikuri sasamarTlo organo da ekisreboda zedamxedveloba
saqarTvelos ssr, aseve, avtonomiuri respublikebisa da avtonomiuri
olqis sasamarTlo organoTa sasamarTlo moqmedebaze.733 avtonomiuri
respublikebis uzenaes sasamarTloebs da avtonomiuri olqis sasamarT-
los irCevdnen, Sesabamisad, maTi warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi 5 wlis
vadiT. saxalxo sasamarTlos asarCevad gamoiyeneboda moqalaqeTa saa-
rCevno korpusi: mas irCevdnen Sesabamisi raionis moqalaqeni sayovel-
Tao, pirdapiri da Tanaswori saarCevno uflebis safuZvelze, faruli
kenWisyriT 3 wlis vadiT. sasamarTlo warmoeba saqarTvelos ssr-is ter-
itoriaze xorcieldeboda qarTul enaze an avtonomiuri respublikis
anda olqis enaze.734
analogiur enaze xorcieldeboda marTlmsajuleba 1978 wlis kons-
tituciiT da raionis (saqalaqo) saxalxo mosamarTleebic, aseve, moqa-
laqeTa mier imave saarCevno principebis dacviT airCeodnen. raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos msajulebi airCeodnen moqalaqeTa krebebze maT
samuSao an sacxovrebel adgilas Ria kenWisyriT 2.5 wlis vadiT. sasa-
marTlo struqtura cota Secvlili iyo: sasamarTlo xelisuflebis sa-
TaveSi idga da sasamarTlo saqmianobas zedamxedvelobas uwevda saqarT-
velos ssr uzenaesi sasamarTlo. Semdeg modiodnen: afxazeTisa da aWaris
assr umaRlesi sasamarTloebi, Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo, samxreT
oseTis avtonomiuri olqis saolqo sasamarTlo da raionuli (saqalaqo)
saxalxo sasamarTloebi. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis organizaciisa da
saqmianobis wess gansazRvravda ssr kavSirisa da saqarTvelos kanone-
bi. gansxvavebiT raionuli sasamarTlos mosamarTleebisa, zemdgom sa-
samarTloebs irCevndnen saxalxo deputatTa Sesabamisi sabWoebi 5 wlis
vadiT. umaRles sasamarTlos irCevda saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWo Tavm-
jdomaris, misi moadgileebis, wevrebisa da saxalxo msajulebis Semad-
genlobiT. mosamarTleebi pasuxismgebelni iyvnen amomrCevlebis winaSe
an amrCevi organoebis winaSe, angariSs abarebdnen maT da SeiZleba maT
mier gamowveulni yofiliyvnen kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.735
amdenad, rogorc sabWoTa periodis konstituciebis Canawerebidan
Cans, sasamarTlo xelisuflebas ar eTmoboda didi adgili, ar iyo gaT-
valiswinebuli mosamarTlisa da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis dacvis ga-
rantiebi da amomrCevlebis mier mosamarTlis arCeva da maT winaSe pasux-
ismgebloba formalur xasiaTs atarebda da realurad mimarTuli iyos
saxelmwifos mxridan mosamarTleTa kontrolisaken.

733
iqve, 153.
734
iqve, 154.
735
iqve, 291-292.

363
 2. moqmedi sasamarTlo xelisuflebis struqtura
saqarTvelos moqmedi konstituciis mixedviT `sasamarTlo xelisu-
fleba damoukidebelia da mas axorcieleben saqarTvelos sakonstitu-
cio sasamarTlo da saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi~.736 Sesabamisad
sakonstitucio kontrolis ganmaxorcielebeli organoa sakonstitucio
sasamarTlo, xolo marTlmsajuleba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganx-
orcielebis erT-erTi formaa da mas samoqalaqo, administraciul da
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaTa meSveobiT axorcieleben saerTo sasamarT-
loebi.
konstituciam gaiTvaliswina samxedro sasamarTlos SemoRebis SesaZ-
leblobac mxolod saomari mdgomareobis dros da mxolod saerTo sa-
samarTloebis sistemaSi.737 samxedro sasamarTlos arsebobis praqtika
saqarTveloSi ar gvaqvs, `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ organuli
kanoni adgenda, rom samxedro sasamarTloebis Seqmnis wesi da maTi kompe-
tencia ganisazRvreboda kanoniT, Tumca arc aseTi kanoni iyo miRebuli,
romelic detalurad moawesrigebda saomari mdgomareobis dasrulebis
Semdeg ra vadiT SeiZleba arsebobdes aseTi sasamarTloebi, vin da ra
wesiT moaxdenda maT formirebas da ra sakiTxebs ganixilavdnen isini.
2018 wels organulma kanonma Secvala maTi Seqmnis wesi da gansazRvra,
rom samxedro sasamarTlo iqmneba am mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis gansaxilvelad, saqarTvelos prezidentis
dekretiT. amave dekretiT unda ganisazRvros samxedro sasamarTlos
Semadgenloba, gansjadoba da mis mier saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi. aRniSnuli
dekreti ZalaSi Sedis gamocemis momentidan.738
konstituciis mixedviT, aseve, dauSvebelia sagangebo sasamarTloebis
Seqmna.739 sasamarTlo xelisufleba damoukidebelia da mas axorcieleben
mxolod sasamarTloebi, Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba Seiqmnas sasamarTlo
xelisuflebisgan damoukidebeli sxva kvazi-sasamarTlo organoebi,
tribunalebis Tu sxva specialuri organoebis saxiT. yvela sasamarTlo
organo unda funqcionirebdes mxolod erTian sistemaSi da sasamarTlo
organos saxiT.
2017 wlis konstituciuri reformis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda spe-
cializebuli sasamarTloebis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba da isic mxolod
saerTo sasamarTloebis sistemaSi.740 aseTi sasamarTloebi am etapze
saqarTveloSi ar aris Seqmnili, Tumca mraval ganviTarebul qveyanaSi
gvxvdeba, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sabaJo, sapatento, sagadasaxado, aras-

736
saqarTvelos konstituciis 59-e muxlis pirveli punqti.
737
saqarTvelos konstituciis 59-e muxlis me-3 punqti.
738
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-2 muxlis me-3 punqti.
739
saqarTvelos konstituciis 59-e muxlis me-3 punqti.
740
iqve.

364
rulwlovanTa, e.w. mSvidobis da sxv.
2017 wlamde saqarTvelos konstitucia adgenda, rom saqarTvelo-
Si sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitucio kontrolis,
marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT. Sesa-
bamisad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba SesaZloa ganxorcielebuliyo aseve
kanoniT dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT, Tumca aseTi formis sa-
samarTlo organoebi saqarTvelos praqtikaSi ar Seqmnila. am droisT-
vis sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganmaxorcielebeli sxva formis organos
Seqmnis Sesaxeb norma ukve amoRebulia konstituciidan.
saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis sistema erTiania.741 Sesabami-
sad, ar SeiZleba arsebobdes erTiani sistemis gareT myofi sxva sasa-
marTloebi, avtonomiuri respublikebis an sxva regionuli sasamarTlo-
ebis saxiT, romlebic arCeulni iqnebian adgilobrivi an avtonomiebis
organoebis monawileobiT.
saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis erTian sistemaSi Sedian: rai-
onuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo, saapelacio sasamarTlo, uzenaesi sasa-
marTlo.
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo aris pirveli instanciis sasamarT-
lo, romelic iqmneba da misi samoqmedo teritoria ganisazRvreba ius-
ticiis umaRlesi sabWos gadawyvetilebiT.742 raionuli sasamarTlo
iqmneba municipalitetSi an aerTianebs ramdenime municipalitets, maga-
liTad, siRnaRis raionuli sasamarTlo aerTianebs siRnaRisa da de-
dofliswyaros municipalitetebs, xaSuris - xaSurisa da qarelis muni-
cipalitetebs. praqtikulad, saqarTveloSi yvela raionuli sasamarTlo
Seqmnilia ramdenime municipalitetis gaerTianebis safuZvelze. rac
Seexeba saqalaqo sasamarTloebs, isini funqcionireben TviTmmarTvel
qalaqebSi, kerZod, q. TbilisSi, q. quTaisSi, q. baTumSi da ase Semdeg.
saqalaqo sasamarTlos samoqmedo teritoria TviTmmarTvel qalaqTan
erTad SeiZleba moicavdes municipalitetebsac (TviTmmarTvel Temebs).
magaliTad, foTis saqalaqo sasamarTlo q. foTis garda moicavs ramden-
ime municipalitets - TviTmmarTvel Tems.
saqmeTa warmoebis gansakuTrebuli intensiurobis mqone raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac orze meti mosamarTlea, iusticiis
umaRlesi sabWos gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mosamarT-
leTa ufro viwro specializacia an dargobrivi niSniT Seiqmnas specia-
lizebuli sasamarTlo kolegiebi. amgvar kolegiebSi mosamarTleTa ra-
odenobas adgens da sasamarTlo kolegiebis Semadgenlobas gansazRvravs
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo.
kanoni iTvaliswinebs, aseve, magistrati mosamarTlis instituts, ro-
melic iqmneba marTlmsajulebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis mizniT im
741
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqti.
742
iqve, 27-e_29-e muxlebi.

365
municipalitetebSi, romlebic Sedian raionuli sasamarTlos sistemaSi,
Tumca sasamarTlo organo ar mdebareobs municipalitetis teritori-
aze. magaliTad, bolnisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos, romelic ganTavsebu-
lia bolnisis municipalitetSi, sistemaSi Sedis dmanisis magistrati
sasamarTlo, romlis adgilsamyofels warmoadgens dmanisis municipa-
liteti.743
rac Seexeba saapelacio sasamarTlos, igi iqmneba da misi samoqmedo
teritoria ganisazRvreba, aseve, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos gadawyveti-
lebiT.744 saqarTveloSi Seqmnilia ori saapelacio sasamarTlo: q. Tbi-
lisis da q. quTaisis. saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavs saapelacio
saCivrebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze. saa-
pelacio sasamarTloSi iqmneba: samoqalaqo, administraciuli da sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeTa palatebi, aseve sagamoZiebo kolegia.745
raionul (saqalaqo) da saapelacio sasamarTloebSi mosamarTleTa
raodenobas gansazRvravs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo. raionuli (saqala-
qo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, aseve, saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavm-
jdomaresa da mis moadgiles 5 wlis vadiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da
Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo.
uzenaesi sasamarTlo saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze marTlmsaju-
lebis ganxorcielebis umaRlesi da saboloo instanciis sakasacio sasa-
marTloa. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis 28 mosamarTle. igi zedamxedvelobs
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloeb-
Si.746 uzenaes sasamarTloSi iqmneba: samoqalaqo, administraciul, sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeTa, didi, sakvalifikacio da sadisciplino palate-
bi, aseve, plenumi.747
uzenaesi sasamarTlos palata (garda sadisciplino da sakvalifika-
cio palatebisa) aris sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic ganixi-
lavs sakasacio saCivrebs saapelacio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze.
didi palata aris sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic sakasacio
wesiT ganmxilveli sasamarTlos motivirebuli ganCinebiT ganixilavs, Tu
a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas,
an Tu b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio palatis mier adre
Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas). didi pal-
ata Sedgeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris, sxva palatebis Tavm-
jdomareebisa da plenumis mier uzenaesi sasamarTlos palatebis Semad-
genlobidan 2 wlis vadiT arCeuli aranakleb 12 mosamarTlisagan. didi
palata saqmes ganixilavs 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. did palataSi
743
dawvrilebiT ix. <http://court.ge/> [15.02.2020].
744
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 22-e muxli.
745
iqve, 23-e muxlis me-2 punqti.
746
iqve, me-14 muxli.
747
iqve, me-15 muxli.

366
saqmis ganxilvas Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an
misi davalebiT – uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomare.
didi palatis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba (normis ganmarteba) savaldebu-
loa yvela instanciis saerTo sasamarTloebisaTvis.748
uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumi Sedgeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavm-
jdomaris, misi pirveli moadgilisa da moadgileebis, uzenaesi sasa-
marTlos wevrebisa da saapelacio sasamarTloebis Tavmjdomareebisagan.
plenumi uflebamosilia:
a) uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris wardginebiT airCios didi pa-
latis Semadgenloba;
b) uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris wardginebiT airCios uzen-
aesi sasamarTlos palatebis (garda sakvalifikacio palatisa) Semadgen-
lobebi da Tavmjdomareebi;
g) airCios sakvalifikacio palatis Semadgenloba da Tavmjdomare;
d) daniSnos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 3 wevri;
e) sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seitanos wardgineba normatiuli aq-
tis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis Taobaze.749
uzenaesi sasamarTlos sadisciplino palatas 3 wevris Semadgenlo-
biT, 3 wlis vadiT amtkicebs plenumi. igi ganixilavs saCivrebs saerTo
sasamarTloebis mosamarTleTa sadisciplino kolegiis gadawyvetile-
bebze.750
sakvalifikacio palata ganixilavs saCivrebs mosamarTlis Tanamde-
bobaze uvadod gamwesebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb iusticiis umaRlesi sab-
Wos gadawyvetilebebze.751 sakvalifikacio palatas 3 wevris Semadgenlo-
biT, 2 wlis vadiT irCevs uzenaesi sasamarTlos plenumi.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos palatebs hyavT Tavmjdomareebi, romelTac
(garda sadisciplino da sakvalifikacio palatebis Tavmjdomareebisa)
Sesabamisi palatis Semadgenlobidan 5 wlis vadiT irCevs plenumi. sadis-
ciplino palatis Tavmjdomares am palatis Semadgenlobidan 3 wlis va-
diT amtkicebs plenumi, sakvalifikacio palatis Tavmjdomares ki, aseve,
plenumi irCevs 2 wlis vadiT. uzenaesi sasamarTlos palatebis Tavm-
jdomareebi (garda sadisciplino da sakvalifikacio palatebis Tavmj-
domareebisa) imavdroulad arian uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris
moadgileebi. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris pirvel moadgiles
palatebis TavmjdomareTagan (garda sadisciplino da sakvalifikacio
palatebis Tavmjdomareebisa) irCevs plenumi.752

748
iqve, me-17 muxli.
749
iqve, me-18 muxli.
750
iqve, me-19 muxli.
751
iqve, me-191 muxli.
752
iqve, me-20 muxli.

367
 3. mosamarTlis statusi
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba arCevis wesisa da pirobebis mixedviT
mosamarTleTa gansxvavebul regulaciebs adgens. raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos mosamarTles Tanamdebobaze niSnavs iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWo, xolo uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleebs iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos wardginebiT irCevs parlamenti.753
konstituciis mixedviT, mosamarTle SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos mo-
qalaqe 30 wlis asakidan, Tu mas aqvs Sesabamisi umaRlesi iuridiuli
ganaTleba da specialobiT muSaobis sul cota 5 wlis gamocdileba.
mosamarTlis damatebiTi sakvalifikacio moTxovnebi ganisazRvreba or-
ganuli kanoniT.754 Sesabamisad, organulma kanonma ufro gaafarTova
mosamarTlisTvis dadgenili moTxovnebi. kerZod, mosamarTled SeiZleba
dainiSnos (airCes) saqarTvelos qmedunariani moqalaqe 30 wlis asakidan,
romelsac aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba aranakleb magistris an
masTan gaTanabrebuli akademiuri xarisxiT/umaRlesi ganaTlebis diplo-
miT, specialobiT muSaobis sul cota 5 wlis gamocdileba, flobs sax-
elmwifo enas, Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTleobis sakvalifikacio gamoc-
da, gavlili aqvs iusticiis umaRlesi skolis sruli saswavlo kursi da
Seyvanilia iusticiis msmenelTa sakvalifikacio siaSi.755 mosamarTled
ar SeiZleba ganwesdes nasamarTlevi piri, agreTve, piri, romelic gan-
Tavisuflebuli iyo mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan disciplinuri gadac-
domis Cadenis, mosamarTlis statusTan SeuTavsebeli Tanamdebobis da-
kavebis an SeuTavsebeli saqmianobis, korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis
Cadenis gamo.756
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad iusticiis umaRles skolaSi
swavlisagan Tavisufldeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlis Tanamde-
bobaze asarCevad wardgenili piri, aseve yofili mosamarTle, romelsac
Cabarebuli aqvs mosamarTleobis sakvalifikacio gamocda, gamwesebuli
iyo mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze uzenaes sasamarTloSi an raionul (saqa-
laqo) anda saapelacio sasamarTloSi konkursis wesiT da aqvs mosamar-
Tled muSaobis aranakleb 18 Tvis gamocdileba. piri, romelmac gai-
ara iusticiis umaRlesi skolis sruli saswavlo kursi da Seyvanil iqna
iusticiis msmenelTa sakvalifikacio siaSi, mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis
dasakaveblad Tavisufldeba iusticiis umaRles skolaSi swavlisagan,
miuxedavad imisa, ra vadiT ekava mas mosamarTlis Tanamdeboba an iusti-
ciis umaRlesi skolis damTavrebis Semdeg dainiSna Tu ara igi am Tanam-
debobaze. am gamocdis Cabarebisagan aseve Tavisufldebian: a) uzenae-
753
saqarTvelos konstituciis 61-e muxlis me-2 punqti da 63-e muxlis me-6 punqti.
754
iqve, 63-e muxlis me-6 punqti.
755
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 34-e muxlis pirveli
punqti.
756
iqve, 34-e muxlis me-2 punqti.

368
si sasamarTlos mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze asarCevi piri, b) saerTo
sasamarTloebis yofili mosamarTle mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis
Sewyvetidan 10 wlis gasvlamde, g) sakonstitucio sasamarTlos rogorc
moqmedi, ise yofili wevrebi.757
uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares uzenaesi sasamarTlos
mosamarTleTagan iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wardginebiT 10 wlis va-
diT, magram araumetes misi, rogorc uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlis,
uflebamosilebis vadisa, sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT irCevs
parlamenti. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomared erTi da imave piris
xelmeored arCeva dauSvebelia. Tavmjdomaris kandidaturis dasaxelebis
ufleba aqvs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos sruli Semadgenlobis aranak-
leb 1/5-s. kandidatebs kenWi erTianad eyrebaT. wardgenilad CaiTvleba
is kandidati, romelic sabWos sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb 2/3-is
xmebs miiRebs. Tu vercerTma kandidatma ver miiRo aRniSnuli raodeno-
bis xmebi, kenWi eyreba saukeTeso Sedegis mqone kandidats (kandidatTa
mier Tanabari raodenobis xmebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi upiratesoba mieni-
Weba im kandidats, romelsac aqvs specialobiT muSaobis ufro xangrZli-
vi gamocdileba). kandidati wardgenilad CaiTvleba, Tu igi iusticiis
umaRlesi sabWos sruli Semadgenlobis xmebis umravlesobas miiRebs. Tu
sabWom uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobis kandidati ver warad-
gina, bolo kenWisyridan arauadres 2 kvirisa kandidatebis dasaxelebis
procedura xelaxla iwyeba. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris Tanam-
debobaze asarCevad parlamentisTvis im kandidatis wardgena, romelmac
kenWisyris Sedegad ver miiRo parlamentis wevrTa saWiro raodenobis
xmebi, erTi da imave mowvevis parlamentis uflebamosilebis vadis farg-
lebSi SeiZleba mxolod orjer.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTles iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos
wardginebiT uvadod, 65 wlis asakis miRwevamde, sruli Semadgenlobis
umravlesobiT irCevs parlamenti.
saapelacio da raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mosamarTles
Tanamdebobaze niSnavs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo 3 wlis vadiT, konkur-
sis safuZvelze. am vadis gasvlamde arauadres 2 Tvisa da araugvianes 1
Tvisa iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo mosamarTlis Sefasebis Sedegebis anal-
izis safuZvelze msjelobs da iRebs gadawyvetilebas, gaamwesos Tu ara
aRniSnuli mosamarTle Tanamdebobaze uvadod. mosamarTlis Tanamdebo-
baze gamwesebis 3-wliani vada ar vrceldeba sakonstitucio sasamarT-
los an uzenaesi sasamarTlos moqmed an yofil wevrze, saapelacio an
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos moqmed an yofil mosamarTleze, Tu
mas aqvs mosamarTled muSaobis aranakleb 3 wlis gamocdileba da yo-
fili mosamarTlis samosamarTlo uflebamosilebis Sewyvetidan 10 weli
ar gasula. es mosamarTleebi Tanamdebobaze uvadod gamwesdebian Se-
757
iqve, 34-e muxli.

369
sabamisi konkursis warmatebiT gavlis da iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos
saWiro raodenobis xmebis (sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb 2/3-is) fa-
ruli kenWisyriT miRebis SemTxvevaSi. im moqmedi mosamarTlisaTvis
Tanamdebobaze uvadod gamwesebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, romelic
Tanamdebobaze daniSnulia 10 wlis vadiT, igi uflebamosilebis ganxor-
cielebas gaagrZelebs samosamarTlo uflebamosilebis darCenili vadis
farglebSi.
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mier mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze uva-
dod ganwesebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle
Tanamdebobaze ganwesdeba uvadod, 65 wlis asakis miRwevamde.
mosamarTles, romlis Sesaxebac ar iqna miRebuli gadawyvetileba
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze uvadod gamwesebis Sesaxeb, samosamarTlo
uflebamosileba Seuwydeba Tanamdebobaze yofnis 3-wliani vadis gasv-
lis Semdeg. es mosamarTle momdevno 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi ver miiRebs
monawileobas mosamarTlis vakanturi Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad ga-
mocxadebul konkursSi.758
Tanamdebobaze 3 wlis vadiT daniSnuli mosamarTlis saqmianobas afa-
sebs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo. igi fasdeba ori ZiriTadi kriteriumiT
- keTilsindisierebiTa da kompetenturobiT. keTilsindisierebis kri-
teriumis maxasiaTeblebia: a) pirovnuli keTilsindisiereba da profe-
siuli sindisi; b) damoukidebloba, miukerZoebloba da samarTlianoba;
g) pirovnuli da profesiuli qceva; d) pirovnuli da profesiuli repu-
tacia; e) finansuri valdebuleba. kompetenturobis kriteriumis maxasi-
aTeblebia: a) samarTlis normebis codna; b) samarTlebrivi dasabuTebis
unari da kompetencia; g) weris unari; d) zepiri komunikaciis unari; e)
profesiuli Tvisebebi, maT Soris, qceva sasamarTlo darbazSi; v) aka-
demiuri miRwevebi da profesiuli wvrTna; z) profesiuli aqtivoba.759
mosamarTlis Sefasebis Taobaze monacemebi mosamarTlis Tanamdebobaze
yofnis samwliani vadis gasvlamde konfidencialuria.760
mosamarTlis Tanamdeboba SeuTavsebelia nebismier sxva Tanamdebo-
basTan da anazRaurebad saqmianobasTan, garda pedagogiuri da samecni-
ero moRvaweobisa. mosamarTle ar SeiZleba iyos politikuri partiis
wevri, monawileobdes politikur saqmianobaSi.761
mosamarTles gaaCnia imuniteti, igi xelSeuxebelia. dauSvebelia
misi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema, dakaveba an dapatimreba,
sacxovrebeli an samuSao adgilis, manqanis an piradi gaCxreka iusticiis
umaRlesi sabWos Tanxmobis gareSe. gamonaklisia danaSaulze waswrebis
SemTxveva, rac dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos iusticiis umaRles sabWos.
758
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ organuli kanonis 36-e muxli.
759
iqve, 363-e muxli.
760
iqve, 364-e muxlis me-11 punqti.
761
saqarTvelos konstituciis 63-e muxlis me-4 punqti.

370
Tu sabWo ar miscems Tanxmobas, TavisuflebaSezRuduli mosamarTle
dauyovnebliv unda gaTavisufldes.762
kanoniT aris gansazRvruli mosamarTleTa dawinaurebis garkveuli
kriteriumebi. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosamarTle SeiZleba
dainiSnos saapelacio sasamarTloSi, Tu igi raionul (saqalaqo) sa-
samarTloSi mosamarTlis uflebamosilebas axorcielebda aranakleb 5
wlis ganmavlobaSi. mosamarTlis dawinaurebis kriteriumebs SeimuSavebs
da dawinaurebis kriteriumebis mixedviT mosamarTlis Sefasebas axor-
cielebs iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo.763
uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarisa da uzenaesi sasamarTlos
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba xdeba impiCmentis wesiT. kon-
stituciis darRvevis an/da qmedebaSi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebis
arsebobis safuZvliT maTi Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis sakiTxis aRZvris
ufleba aqvs parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb 1/3-s. par-
lamenti uflebamosilia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesabamisi daskv-
nis miRebis Semdeg, sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT Tanamdebobidan
gadaayenos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da uzenaesi sasamarTlos
mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTlos da raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarT-
los mosamarTleebs Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWo sruli Semadgenlobis 2/3-is umravlesobiT.764
mosamarTlis Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis, uzenaesi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomarisa da wevris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis safuZvlebia:
a) piradi gancxadeba;
b) disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadena;
g) sasamarTlos mier SezRudulqmedunarianad aRiareba an mxardaWe-
ris mimRebad cnoba, Tu sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT sxva ram ar aris
gansazRvruli;
d) saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis Sewyveta;
e) mis mimarT sabolood gamotanili gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kano-
nier ZalaSi Sesvla;
v) 65 wlis asakis miRweva;
z) korufciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadena, rodesac korufciuli
samarTaldarRvevis Camdeni Tanamdebobis piri, romlis mimarTac aseTi
qmedebisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis zoma,
garda Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebisa, wlis ganmavlobaSi Caidens axal
korufciul samarTaldarRvevas;
T) gardacvaleba;
i) sasamarTlos likvidacia, mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis Semcireba;
k) sxva sasamarTloSi daniSvna (arCeva);
762
iqve, 63-e muxlis me-2 punqti.
763
„saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 41-e muxli.
764
iqve, 42-e muxli.

371
 l) sxva dawesebulebaSi Tanamdebobaze arCeva an daniSvna;
m) uflebamosilebis vadis gasvla.
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo, aseve, uflebamosilia, mosamarTle gaaTa-
visuflos Tanamdebobidan, Tu igi bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 4 Tveze
met xans ver axorcielebda Tavis uflebamosilebas da arsebobs Sesaba-
misi samedicino daskvna, romlis Tanaxmadac, igi momavalSic ver SeZlebs
mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebas.765
sasamarTlos likvidaciis, agreTve mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis Sem-
cirebis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles misive winaswari werilobiTi Tanxmo-
biT, SeiZleba daekisros Sesabamisi an qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos
mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba. mosamarTlis mier samo-
samarTlo uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqmis an misTvis
sxva sasamarTlos mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis arda-
kisrebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli mosamarTle Tavisufldeba dakavebuli
Tanamdebobidan da misive winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT iricxeba
rezervSi. mas rezervSi Caricxvidan 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi unarCundeba
Tanamdebobrivi sargos miRebis uflebamosileba.766

4. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo

iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mizans warmoadgens sasamarTlosa da mo-
samarTlis damoukideblobis, marTlmsajulebis xarisxisa da efeqtia-
nobis uzrunvelyofa, mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobaze daniSvna da Tanam-
debobidan gaTavisufleba, mosamarTleobis sakvalifikacio gamocdebis
organizeba, sasamarTlo reformis gasatareblad winadadebebis Semu-
Saveba da kanoniT dadgenili sxva amocanebis Sesruleba.
igi Sedgeba 15 wevrisgan, saidanac 8 wevrs, romelTagan TiTo wevri
mainc warmoadgens TiToeuli instanciis sasamarTlos, irCevs saerTo sa-
samarTloebis mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvelobis organo, 5 wevrs irCevs
parlamenti, xolo 1 wevrs niSnavs prezidenti. uzenaesi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomare Tanamdebobrivad aris iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wevri.
sabWos Semadgenlobis naxevarze mets Seadgenen saerTo sasamarTloebis
mosamarTleTa TviTmmarTvelobis organos mier arCeuli wevrebi. saer-
To sasamarTloebs iusticiis umaRles sabWoSi warmoadgenen uzenaesi
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da mosamarTleTa konferenciis mier arCeu-
li 8 wevri, maT Soris, iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos mdivani. mosamarTle-
Ta konferenciis mier arCeuli wevri SeiZleba iyos mxolod saerTo sa-
samarTlos mosamarTle.
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomares sabWos mosamarTle wevr-
765
iqve, 43-e muxli.
766
iqve, 44-e muxli.

372
Tagan 4 wlis vadiT, magram araumetes misi, rogorc iusticiis umaRle-
si sabWos wevris, uflebamosilebis vadisa, irCevs iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWo sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT. Tavmjdomaris kandidaturis
dasaxelebis ufleba aqvs sabWos wevrTa aranakleb 1/5-s.
parlamenti iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos 5 wevrs irCevs konkursis sa-
fuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT. sabWos wevrobis kandidatebi SeirCev-
ian saqarTvelos umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi moRvawe
profesorebisa da mkvlevrebisagan, saqarTvelos advokatTa asocia-
ciis wevrebisagan an/da saqarTvelos arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli)
iuridiuli pirebis mier wardgenili pirebisagan, maTive kolegiuri
xelmZRvaneli organos wardginebis safuZvelze. zemoaRniSnuli iuri-
diuli pirebis saqmianobis erT-erTi sfero konkursis gamocxadebamde
aranakleb bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda iyos warmomadgenlobiTi
uflebamosilebiT monawileoba sasamarTloebSi ganxorcielebul saq-
meTa warmoebaSi. TiToeuli organizacia uflebamosilia parlaments wa-
rudginos sabWos wevris araumetes 3 kandidaturisa.
parlamentma iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wevrad SeiZleba airCios
saqarTvelos moqalaqe, romelsac aqvs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba
magistris an masTan gaTanabrebuli akademiuri xarisxiT/umaRlesi ga-
naTlebis diplomiT, specialobiT muSaobis aranakleb 5 wlis gamoc-
dileba, maRali reputacia da romelic samarTlis dargis aRiarebuli
specialistia. iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wevrad arCevisas saWiroa wev-
robis kandidatis winaswari werilobiTi Tanxmoba.
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos wevris uflebamosilebis vadaa 4 weli.
erTi da igive piri am Tanamdebobaze ar SeiZleba airCes (dainiSnos) zedi-
zed orjer. prezidenti Tavisi kvotiT dasaniSn wevrs niSnavs konkursis
safuZvelze.
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos sxdomebs iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs uze-
naesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an misi davalebiT - iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos mdivani.767
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWo:
a) Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs saerTo
sasamarTloebis mosamarTleebs (garda uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdo-
marisa da wevrebisa);
b) gansazRvravs sakvalifikacio sagamocdo komisiis Semadgenlobas;
g) gansazRvravs saapelacio da raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis
mosamarTleTa specializacias;
d) SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs saerTo sasamarTloebis organizaciuli
muSaobis wess;
e) ganixilavs sasamarTlo statistikis analizis masalebs;

767
iqve, 47-e muxli.

373
 v) Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi saerTo sasamarTloebis mosa-
marTleTa mimarT axorcielebs disciplinur samarTalwarmoebas;
z) iRebs gadawyvetilebas mosamarTlis waxalisebis Sesaxeb;
T) SeimuSavebs winadadebebs sasamarTlo reformis sakiTxebze;
i) aseve axorcielebs zogierT sxva uflebamosilebas.768

Tematuri kiTxvebi:

1. ras iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos respublikis 1921 wlis konsti-

tucia sasamarTlo xelisuflebis Sesaxeb?
2. ras iTvaliswinebda sabWoTa saqarTvelos konstituciebi sasa-
marTlo xelisuflebis Sesaxeb?
3. rogoria sasamarTlo organoTa sistema amJamad saqarTveloSi?
4. rogoria uzenaesi sasamarTlos struqtura?
5. ra wesiT xdeba mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobaze ganweseba?
6. vin SeiZleba arCeul iqnes mosamarTled?
7. ra wesiT da safuZvelze xdeba mosamarTlis uflebamosilebis Sewy-
veta?
8. ra wesiT xdeba iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos formireba da vin SeiZ-
leba gaxdes misi wevri?
9. ra uflebamosileba gaaCnia iusticiis umaRles sabWos?

768
iqve, 49-e muxli.

374