Diagram normal glucose processing by the nephron.

What are the limitations in glucose processing or any transporter mediated process?
Transporters can become saturated so the solute will spill into urine and get excreted instead of 100% reabsorbed

Diagram normal PAH processing by the nephron.

Diagram normal urea processing by the nephron.

Partial reabsorption?

Proximal Tubule Isotonic Reabsorption Wednesday

List the key transport properties of the proximal tubule.
1. 65-70% of the glomerular filtrate is normally reabsorbed here. The reabsorbate is always isosmotic.
a. Isosmotic Resorption- tight coupling between water and Na resorption
2. Where sugars, amino acids, metabolic intermediates, etc., are nearly 100% reabsorbed, and where organic acids and
bases are secreted.
3. Urea is partially reabsorbed here- passive mechanism.
4. The tight junctions of the epithelium are very leaky to Na+ and Cl–
a. Therefore, the electrochemical gradients of Na+ and Cl– across the junctions significantly affects the
amount of filtrate absorbed.
5. Solute reabsorption in the late proximal tubule uses quite different mechanisms than in early proximal tubule.
a. Reabsorption is rate-limited by uptake of fluid by the peritubular capillaries. Peritubular hemodynamic
forces modulate net reabsorption.
6. The proximal tubule exhibits glomerulotubular balance.