REFERENCES: Salvan, G.S. (2005). Architectural Utilities 1.

SOURCES OF WATER Plumbing and Sanitary

Data image: https://www.cdc.gov/ (Links to an external site.)

WATER SUPPLY: The supply of

purified water to a community, FROM RAINFALL
usually including facilities for
storing and distributing this water, as ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
reservoirs and pipelines. Hard to store for a long time as it will be a
Obtained from roofs and watersheds. It is breeding place for mosquitoes, requiring big
soft, pure and good on places where there is containers for storing big quantities for long
an abundant rainfall. uses, roofs may not be clean, bad for places
that receives a little amount of rainfall.
FROM NATURAL SURFACE
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers. Dangerous because it contains large amounts
Easiness of procurement and good for of bacteria, organic and inorganic substances
locality near such bodies of water. of varying quantities.
FROM UNDERGROUND
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Because of various organic matters and
chemical elements present, it requires
Obtained from below ground surface by
treatment of various nature, such as
means of mechanical and manual equipment.
sedimentation, chemical, filtration and
aeration.
More water can be obtained depending
on equipment used and locality.
 REFERENCES:
https://ppp.gov.ph/, (Links to an external
TREATMENT OF WATER site.) https://smartwatermagazine.com/, (Links to an external
site.)https://www.azcentral.com/ (Links to an external site.)

WATER TREATMENT: The act or process of making water more potable or useful, as by purifying, clarifying, or
softening.

Sedimentation: Particles or matters that are suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a container so that the will settle in the bottom,
then drawing the water out, leaving these sediments in the container.

Chemical Treatments: Water are given chemical treatments to kill the harmful bacteria present and to cure the turbid taste or mud-taste,
remove clay, salts, iron, etc. Commonly used chemical is chlorine.
Filtration: Water are filtered on various processes, so as to remove the particles of vegetable matter, mud, and other particles of matter
present in the water. Most commonly used materials are the sand and gravel.
 REFERENCES: Salvan, G.S. (2005). Architectural Utilities 1.
Plumbing and Sanitary; Ching, F.D.K. A Visual Dictionary of
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Architecture
Data image: https://www.lethbridge.ca/ (Links to an external site.)

1. The system must provide adequate supply of water, with

adequate pressure up to the extremities of the system.
2. The safety and quality of the water should not be impaired by
defects in the system. It should be provided with sufficient valves
and blow-offs to allow repair work without undue interruption of
service to some areas, and to allow the flushing of the system.
3. There should be no unprotected open reservoir, or cross
connections with inferior water system to enter the distribution
system.
4. the water system should be tight against leakage. The main and
branches connection should not be submerged in surface water,
subjected to any source of contamination.
5. The water system design, shall afford effective circulation of
water with minimum number of dead end mains.
6. The system shall be guarded against contamination in any
parts of its resulting from repair works, replacement or extension
of the mains.
7. When new mains are installed, or old mains repaired, they
should be filled with strong chlorine solution and then flushed
with water supplied normally from the main.
8. Water main should be laid above the elevation of concrete
sanitary sewers, or crossover points.