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Module 13 (Trusses Sections)
Module 13 (Trusses Sections)
Module 13 (Trusses Sections)
Analysis of Structures
4-4 Method of Sections
The static equations for non-concurrent system is used to compute the unknown
forces using the method of sections.
𝛴𝐹𝑣 = 0
Equation of Static Equilibrium for
𝛴𝐹𝐻 = 0
𝛴𝑀 = 0 Non-Concurrent Force System
Illustrative Problem No. 1) Use the method of sections to determine the forces in
members DE, AB and AE of the truss described in the figure and indicate whether
the member is in tension or compression.
Solution:
0
𝛴𝑀𝐷 = 𝐴𝑥 (2.5) − 40(3) − 40(6)
𝑨𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
From 𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 0 0
0
𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷𝑥 (2.5) − 40(3) − 40(3)
𝑫𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
From 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
0
↑ 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 𝐷𝑦 − 20 − 40 − 40
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
Pass a cutting plane separating the truss into two parts and expose the forces cut
by the plane
Cutting Plane a-a
𝑨𝑬 = 𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)
Check equilibrium
From 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0 (on either of the truss, say from left truss)
0
↑𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 𝐴𝐸𝑦 + 𝐷𝑦 − 𝐷𝐸𝑦 − 20
1.25 1.25
0= (−52) + 100 − (156) − 20
3.25 3.25
0 = −20 + 100 − 60 − 20
𝟎 = 𝟎 (𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌)
Illustrative Problem No.2) The Warren truss loaded as shown in the figure is
supported by a roller at C and a hinge at G. By method of sections, compute the
force in the members BC, DF, CE and DE.
𝑮𝒙
𝑪𝒚 𝑮𝒚
Figure 2
mathalino.com
Solution:
0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐺 = 𝐶𝑦 (12) + 60(6) − 40(18) − 80(9) − 100(6)
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
From 𝛴𝑀𝐶 = 0 0
0
𝛴𝑀𝐶 = 𝐺𝑦 (12) + 40(6) − 100(6) − 80(3) − 60(6)
𝑮𝒚 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
From 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0
0
← 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 𝐺𝑥 − 60
𝑮𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
√5
2
𝑩𝑪
1
𝑨𝑪
From 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 0
0
2
↓ 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 𝐵𝐶𝑦 + 40 = 𝐵𝐶 + 40
√5
√5
2
𝑫𝑬
1
𝑪𝑬
From 𝛴𝑀𝐸 = 0 0
0
𝛴𝑀𝐸 = 𝐷𝐹 (6) + 𝐺𝑦 (6) = 𝐷𝐹 (6) + 80(6)
𝐷𝐹 = −80 𝑘𝑁 𝑫𝑭 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)
𝑪𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻) 𝑪𝑬
𝟎 = 𝟎 (𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌)
Illustrative Problem No. 3) Determine the force in the bar CD of the truss shown
in the truss shown in the figure.
𝑪𝒙 0
𝑪𝒚 𝑭𝒚
Figure 3
www.mathalino.com
Solution:
0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐹 = 𝐶𝑦 (9) + 120(3) − 120(9) − 60(12)
𝑪𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
From 𝛴𝑀𝐶 = 0 0
0
𝛴𝑀𝐶 = 𝐹𝑦 (9) + 60(3) − 120(9) − 120(12)
𝑭𝒚 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
𝑩𝑬
𝑩𝑫
𝑪𝑫
𝑪𝑭
Note: Since the number of unknowns exceeds three, one of the unknowns must
be found by analyzing a different part of the truss. Solve first for CF member using
the cutting plane b-b (right part of truss)
From 𝛴𝑀𝐸 = 0 0
0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐸 = 𝐶𝐹(6) + 120(3)
CF= −60 𝑘𝑁
𝑪𝑭 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)
0
𝛴𝑀𝐹 = 𝐶𝐷𝑥 (6) − 𝐶𝐹 (6) + 60(3)
3
0 = 5 𝐶𝐷(6) − 60(6) + 60(3)
𝑪𝑫 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)
Illustrative Problem No. 4) For the truss shown, determine the force in member
BF by the method of section.
𝑫𝒙
𝑫𝒚
𝑨𝒚
Figure 4
www.mathalino.com
Solution:
0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐷 = 𝐴𝑦 (6) − 2.4(3) − 1.2(4)
𝑨𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
From 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0
0
← 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 𝐷𝑥 − 1.2
𝑫𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
From 𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 0 0
0
𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 𝐷𝑦 (6) + 𝐷𝑥 (8) − 2.4(3) − 1.2(6) − 1.2(4)
0 = 𝐷𝑦 (6) + 1.2(8) − 2.4(3) − 1.2(6) − 1.2(4)
𝑫𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵 (𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅)
a-a
Note: Since the number of unknowns exceeds three, one of the unknowns must
be found by analyzing a different part of the truss. Solve first for BE member using
the joint at E (right part of truss).
From 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 0
0
← 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 𝐵𝐸 − 1.2
𝑩𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)
0
↻ 𝛴𝑀𝐴 = 𝐵𝐹𝑥 (4) + 𝐵𝐹𝑦 (3) + 𝐵𝐸 (4) + 2.4(3)
3 4
0= 𝐵𝐹 (4) + 5 𝐵𝐹 (3) + 1.2(4) + 2.4(3)
5
𝐵𝐹 = −2.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑩𝑭 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyDr43PrRH8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28QESCzSDN4
Do-it-Yourself
Practice Activity
Solve for the forces on members DF, DG and EG using the method of
section.
Figure 1
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Read the topic “Force Systems in Space” in preparation for the next
module.
Using the method of sections, calculate the forces on members indicated of the
trusses shown. State whether the member is in tension or compression.
1. AB, ED and AD
Figure 2
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2. AB, EG and CE
Figure 5
www.chegg.com
3. BC only
Figure 4
www.bartleby.com
4. FG, BF and BE
Figure 5
site.iugaza.edu.ps
5. GE only (Hint: First use section a-a to find for the force DG. Take the lower
part of truss and use Moment at point F)
Figure 6
bartleby.com
6. BC, CG and FG
Figure 6
chegg.com