MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Pre Module – Basic Catechisms

The Basic Teachings of the Faith:

 4 Pillars of Faith
 Creed
 Commandments
 Sacraments
 Prayer

The Creed

 I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth,

 and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
 who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary,
 suffered under Pontius Pilate,
 was crucified, died and was buried;
 he descended into hell; on the third day he rose again from the
dead;
 he ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the
Father almighty;
 from there he will come to judge the living and the dead.
 I believe in the Holy Spirit,
 the holy catholic Church,
 the communion of saints,
 the forgiveness of sins,
 the resurrection of the body,
 and life everlasting. Amen
The 10 Commandments

 I am the Lord thy God, thou shall have no other gods besides me;
 Thou shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain;
 Remember to keep holy the Lord’s day
 Honor thy Mother and Father
 Thou shall not kill
 Thou shall not commit adultery;
 Thou shall not steal;
 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor;
 Thou shall not covet your neighbor’s wife;
 Thou shall not covet your neighbor’s goods.

The 7 Sacraments

 Baptism
 Holy Eucharist
 Confirmation
 Holy Orders
 Matrimony
 Penance
 Anointing of the Sick

The Prayer

 Holy Scriptures
 Salvation History
 Traditional Prayers
 Lord’s Prayer
 Hail Mary
 Glory Be
 Personal Prayers
 Adoration
 Contrition
 Thanksgiving
 Supplication
 Holy Scriptures

 Salvation History
 Fall of Man
 Covenant with Noah
 Covenant with Abraham
 Exodus
 Tribal
 Kingdom
 Divided Kingdom
 Exilic
 Post-Exilic
 Birth Of Christ
 Passion And Death Of Christ
 Resurrection Of Christ

 Traditional Prayers

 The Lord’s Prayer

 Hail Mary
 Glory Be

 Types of Personal Prayers

 Adoration
 Contrition
 Thanksgiving
 Supplication

Duties and Responsibilities:

 To have a knowledge about the basic teachings of the Church;

 To understand the basic teachings of the Church.
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 1 – Introduction to the Ministry of Altar Servers

Being an Altar Server you are called a minister, a person who serves the parish
community. As a minister, you should assist the community to celebrate the
sacred liturgy, which is to serve God. You are mainly serving the priest to lead
the community to God in prayer which is the work of the priests. You appear in
public, but you are never a performer. By your faithful duty, you remain always a
servant of God in your Parish. Blessed John Paul II said “you are far more than
‘helpers of the priest’. Above all, you are servants of Jesus the Eternal high
Priest.”

 Lord’s Prayer
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come,
your will be done, on earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily
bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass
against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
Amen.

 Hail Mary
Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among
women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother
of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen.

 Glory Be
Glory be to the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. As it was in
the beginning is now and ever shall be. Amen.

 Apostles’ Creed
I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth, and
in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy
Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was
crucified, died and was buried; he descended into hell; on the third day
he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and is seated at
the right hand of God the Father almighty; from there he will come to
judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy
Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the
resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen

What is an Altar Server?

Identity:

 In the same manner as the Ministries of Lectors & Holy

Communion, the Ministry of Altar Servers are appointed on a
temporary basis, thus they are commissioned, rather than
instituted.
 Altar Servers are not to be confused with the instituted acolytes. In
the Dioceses of the Philippines, these ministers are to be referred
as Altar Servers. (i.e., not sacristans, acolytes, or knights of the
altar)
 The primary role of the Altar Servers is to assist the priest in the
celebration of the liturgy, especially during Mass. This is done
through specific actions and by setting an example to the
congregation by active participation.
 There is nothing that prevents girls from becoming Altar Servers
however, for practical reasons, and as a venue to attract vocations
to the priesthood; it is highly recommended that boys are
appointed for this ministry.

Ideals of an Altar Server:

1. Reverence – Reverence for God and for sacred objects is most

important when they serve. Reverent actions, peaceful and
dignified behavior and gestures should be seen by the people
when you stand at the sanctuary, for this adds solemnity to the
celebration of the liturgy and contribute to the active participation
of all.
 2. Discipline – With good training and proper discipline, the rituals
and ceremonies of the liturgy can be carried out in an orderly and
solemn manner. But, as always, training involves discipline.
Discipline among Altar Servers is expected in the following:

During the celebration of the liturgy, especially the mass

 As they actively participate in the celebration;
 As they avoid unnecessary movements that may cause distraction
to others;
 As they pay attention to every part of the Mass, at the same time
being aware of the responsibilities and tasks;
 As they avoid loitering and congregating in the sacristy or other
places around the church;
 As they work diligently with other lay liturgical ministers and
even with priests
 Outside of the celebration
 In their relationship with others, especially with their family,
friends, classmates and other persons whom they encounter;
 In their care and concern, respect and reverence for the materials
they use for the celebration of the liturgy, as well as the church
and its other areas (e.g. sacristy);
 In their respect for their elders;
 In their willingness to undergo on-going formation and training.

3. Decorum – decorum means “what is proper.” Decorum requires a

sense of dignity. Servers should not only do their work well, they
should not just train well, they should, likewise, have a neat and
tidy appearance since this adds to the dignity and beauty of the
liturgical celebrations. This is shown in the following ways:
 By keeping their uniforms neat and clean at all times, especially
as they wear it during liturgical celebrations;
 By being groomed;
 By moving in dignified manner, with confidence and reverence
for the liturgical celebration.

4. Piety – Piety does not mean they look holy whenever they serve at
the altar. It means that they carry within themselves a great love
for God and his people, even if they are not serving in the Church.
Piety involves:
 A good prayer life;
 A special love for Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament;
  A devotion to the Blessed Mother;
 A deep love for the Eucharist and other Sacraments;
 Reading the Bible and learning from it

5. Brotherhood – An Altar Server has an attitude of team-work, in

serving you should understand that you are a part of a larger
group. Always remember that in serving you should be united in
the service of God. Brotherhood involves:

 Witnessing – a life of witnessing that involves

 Doing good to others at all times;
 Being faithful to their responsibilities, not only in the church, but
in their families, in School, in other places;
 By avoiding bad habits and vices;
 By being good example to others.
 Teamwork – Serving at the altar is never a solo task. It is always
done as a team of brothers. This is shown in the following ways.
 By being aware of their own responsibility and the responsibility
of other ministers as well;
 By helping each other, being friendly and kind, not proud, boastful
or competitive.
 By welcoming newcomers and teaching them patiently;
 By praying together with other ministers before and after
liturgical celebrations;
 By being a brother to their fellow servers.

Roles and functions of an Altar Servers

 To assist ministers of higher rank during the liturgical

celebrations, especially the Mass, namely:
 Instituted Acolytes;
 Deacons;
 Priests;
 The Bishop.
 To work together with other lay liturgical ministers in the
preparation and celebration of the liturgy, especially the Mass,
namely:
 Extraordinary Ministers of Holy Communion;
  Lectors and Commentators;
 Ushers, Greeters, and Collectors;
 Music Ministry
 Sacristans

Altar Server Facts:

 Altar Server’s Motto: SERVE THE LORD WITH GLADNESS

 Altar Server’s Patron Saints: Tarcisius – August 15
St. Pedro Calungsod – April 2

 Altar Servers’ Pledge:

LORD, Here I am, all yours, ready to serve you, I shall strive hard to be
faithful to my duty of serving at the Mass and of helping the Church. I
shall strive to be a good example to all and to help my fellow Christians
respect your home. May I be your loyal Servant as an Altar Server with
the Help of Mary, Our Lady of Beautiful Love, my mother and my model.
AMEN

. Duties and Responsibilities:

 To be faithful in attending meetings and formation programs of

the parish, vicariate or diocese.
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 2 – The Liturgy

The word “LITURGY” came from a Greek word which means “public
duty”, a service, and a public organization. Its original meaning was
some public action. When the word was adopted by the Church to
describe her public “services” of worship its meaning changed. In
Christian liturgy we are not talking about what we do but what God
does. The Vatican council points out so clearly, the liturgy is the action
of Jesus Christ, an action of eternal worship in which he involves us, the
members of his mystical body, the church.

Kinds of liturgical observance:

 Solemnity – the days of great importance to the Church, including

all Sundays, this begin in the evening of the preceding day, which
has a special vigil Mass for some solemnities.
 Feast – celebrated within the limits of a calendar day.
 Memorial – a feast within the limits of the day which are either
obligatory (M), or optional (m)
 Ferial – a day where there is an optional memorial and the priest
may select a mass of his choice, unless otherwise directed by the
calendar.

The Liturgical Seasons:

 Advent – The beginning of the church’s calendar. This celebrates

the two-fold coming of Christ (Incarnation and Final Judgment).
 With Christian joy we celebrate his first coming. In Christian hope
we await his second coming. This season lasts for four weeks,
including the 9 days of Simbang Gabi. The season starts from the
Sunday after Christ the King and ends the eve of Christ’s birth.
 Christmas – the season which celebrates the birth of Christ, The
Incarnation, and God became man. This season has 2 focal points:
1) The Christmas Day until the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God.
2) The Solemnity of the epiphany until the feast of the Baptism of
the lord.
 Lent – A 40 days giving of ourselves to prayer and penance, to
hearing the word of God and to acts of charity. In this season we
prepare for the Easter and recall the grace of our Baptism. It runs
from Ash Wednesday until the Mass of the Lord’s Supper.
 Easter Triduum – the three days of the Passion, Death, and
Resurrection of Christ. This is the highest point of the year. This
begins on the Mass of the Lord’s Supper and reaches until the
Easter vigil.
 Easter – This season has 50 days celebration of the rising of Christ
from the dead. Starting from the Easter vigil until Pentecost. These
days are called as feast days but Easter Octave for the 8 days after
Easter Sunday.
 Ordinary Time – A season of growth in our faith. This season has
2 parts: 1) the Sunday of the baptism of the Lord until Ash
Wednesday. 2) and the Pentecost Sunday until the Feast of Christ
the King.

The Liturgical Colors:

 White – The color of Joy, and Glory of God. Used during the
seasons of Christmas and Easter and the feasts of the Lord,
Blessed Virgin Mary, Saints who are not Martyrs, and the angels.
 Violet – The sign penance and for mourning. Used during the
seasons of Advent and Lent, and for the Masses for the Dead.
 Red – The sign of the blood of Christ or the fire of the Holy Spirit.
Used for the Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Pentecost, and the
Martyred saints.
 Green – The symbol of Good Harvest and Growth in our Faith.
Used for the Ordinary Time
 Rose – The symbol of rejoicing for a great feast coming. Used
during the 3rd Sunday of Advent and 4th Sunday of Lent.
 Gold – The Symbol of Kingship of Christ to the World. Used during
the feast of Christ the King and other Special Feast.
 Blue – The Symbol of the humbleness of Mary. Used for the
significant Feast of Mary

Duties and Responsibilities

 To be faithful in attending to their duties in serving at all liturgical

celebrations;
 To arrive at least 30 minutes before their appointed duty. This is
meant for the following purposes:
 Preparation of all liturgical materials they use for celebration;
 Review final instructions especially for more complicated rites or
ceremonies included in special liturgical celebrations
 Personal and group prayers
 To be present during practice and training sessions for special
celebrations with more complicated styles for serving. In this case,
the rule, No Practice-No service, must be applied.
 To assist in other liturgical celebrations, such as baptisms,
weddings, funeral masses or blessings, etc.;
 To notify the Ministry coordinator if they will not be able to attend
to their schedules. They are also expected to look for their
replacement during the said schedule.
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 3 – The Mass

As an Altar Server, it is important for each server to know the structure

of the Mass. It is not merely a matter of knowing “what comes next” but
of understanding the meaning of each part of the Holy Mass. The Mass
itself is an action moving steadily forward to its supreme moments,
when Heaven and Earth meet in the great mystery of the Altar.

Parts of the Mass:

1. INTRODUCTORY RITES:
 Entrance Hymn – a hymn which opens the celebration and
accompanies the procession of the priest and the ministers to the
Altar. It is sung, t o deepen our unity together and to introduce us
to the mystery of the season or feast.
 Veneration of the Altar – It is done by the clergy after the
Entrance Hymn. As the sign of Christ, center of the Church and of
the Eucharistic body the altar is shown reverence by the 3
traditional gestures: the bow or the customary reverence , the
kiss, and the incensation(when incense is used)
 Greeting – The presider greets the assembly which is a reminder
of the unity of the Church in God’s grace.
 Penitential Rite – It invites us to be sorry for all our sins, and
takes away all our venial sins which do not need absolution in
private confession. We come to God in a spirit of contrition, so that
we may be worthy in celebrating the Eucharist.
 Gloria – An ancient hymn of praise sung or recited in solemnities
(except Advent and Lent) and appropriate feasts.
 Opening Prayer – An invitation to prayer and a time of silent
prayer. On behalf of the people the priest offers the prayer to God
and thus the people respond “AMEN”
2. LITURGY OF THE WORD:
 First Reading – A reading coming from either the Old or New
Testament which expresses the mood of the celebration
 Responsorial Psalm – A responsory that continues the mood of
the 1st The Responsory is made by the people as their prayer and
the Cantor makes the psalm the main prayer.
 Second Reading – A Reading taken from the New Testament
which is not the Gospel and said only during Solemnities.
 Alleluia/Gospel Proclamation – A joyous welcome to the Holy
Gospel
 Homily – An explanation, Proclamation of the readings of the
Liturgy
 Creed – The profession of Faith as a follower to the teachings of
Christ in the Church
 Prayers of the Faithful – The offertory of the petitions of the
community before God.
3. LITURGY OF THE EUCHARIST:
 Offertory – The people offers the works of their hands to God.
 Prayer over the Gifts – The priest raises up the offerings to God.
 Sanctus – The people praises the Holy Trinity, “Holy, holy”
 Acclamation and Anamnesis – The faithful proclaims the
mystery of faith and remember the death and resurrection of
Christ made present through the Eucharist.
 Lord’s Prayer – The people recites the prayer Jesus taught the
Church.
 Rite of Peace – The people beg for the peace and unity of the
Church
 Agnus Dei – The people asks God to take away the sins of the
world.
 Communion – The priest and other Ministers distributes the
Eucharist to the people.
 Prayer after Communion – On behalf of the people the priest
offers a Thanksgiving prayer to God and thus the people respond
“AMEN”
4. CONCLUDING RITE:
 Final Blessing – A blessing that the presider gives to the people,
which concludes the Mass in the power of the Holy Trinity, by
making the Sign of the Cross which is the sign of Faith.
 Dismissal – The presider or the Deacon sends the people to serve
love to others.
Duties and Responsibilities

 To be faithful in attending to their duties in serving at the Mass.

 To arrive at least 30 minutes before their appointed duty.
 To notify their coordinator if they will not be able to attend to
their schedules. They are also expected to look for their
replacement during the said schedule.
 To have a knowledge of the parts of the Mass and the importance
of each, as well as an understanding of their particular roles and
responsibilities.
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 4 – The Church

An Altar Server must know and understand every part of the church he
is moving in and treat it with utmost respect, this also extends until the
home. A church is a building that was constructed to allow people to
meet to worship together.

The Narthex:

 Baptismal Font – a fixture used for the baptism of children and

adults.

The Nave:

 Pew – a long bench seat or enclosed box, used for seating

members of the congregation of the Church.

The Sanctuary:

 Altar – The large, high table located at the center of the sanctuary
where most of the actions of the Liturgy of the Eucharist take
place.
  Lectern – The small, high table located at either side of the
sanctuary, where the readings from the Liturgy of the Word is
read.
 Tabernacle – A small box, in which the Body or the Blood of
Christ may be kept when the Mass is not said.
 Tabernacle Lamp – The lamp that lights the tabernacle, this
signifies that there is a Eucharist inside the Tabernacle.
 Presider’s chair – The chair in which only the Priest or the bishop
may sit whether during the Mass or outside the Mass.
 Credence Table – A small table on which is placed the vessels for
the Liturgy of the Eucharist.
 Altar Candles – Two candles lit during the mass, it signifies that
Christ is the light of the world
 Paschal Candle – A very large candle placed beside the Lectern
during the Easter Season and below the Sanctuary during
Baptisms and Funerals.
 Holy Icons – The Pictures or statues of Jesus Christ, the Blessed
Virgin Mary or other Saints.
 Sanctuary Bell – The bell located near the altar, it may be in the
Sanctuary or inside the Sacristy.

Duties and Responsibilities:

 To have a knowledge of the parts of the church and know its

functions for the spirituality of the Church.
To ensure the care and maintenance of the church.
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 5 – The Holy Vessels and Vestments

An Altar Server must know all the vessels he holds and hold it with
care. He should also know all the vestments he and the clergy is wearing
every Mass.

The Vessels:

 Ciborium – The cup-like vessel with a lid, this contains the hosts
that will be used for the Holy Communion. It can also be used for
the reserved hosts to be put in the Tabernacle.
 Chalice – The cup used to hold the wine which will become the
blood of Christ during the Mass
 Patten – The saucer-like dish which usually matches the Chalice. It
holds the bread which will become the body of Christ
 Pall – The stiff, square, white cover that is placed over the Patten
when it is on the Chalice and over the Chalice during the Mass.
 Corporal – A white, linen napkin on which the Eucharistic Vessels
is placed during the Mass. It is folded into small squares about the
size of the Pall.
 Purificator – A triple-folded rectangular, white cloth used to
cleanse the chalice after the Communion.
 Finger Towel – A small cloth used by the Priests and the
Eucharistic Ministers in distributing the Communion and by the
 Bishops in administering the Sacraments of Confirmation and Holy
Orders.
 Cruets – The two small pitchers which contains the water and
wine offered during the Mass
 Communion Plate – A plate with a handle used by an Altar Server
in catching a Eucharistic Crumbs.
 Sanctus Bell – A hand bell which is rung during the Mass.
 Sacramentary – A book on which the volume of Presidential
prayers and the order of the rites connected with the mass are
located.
 Lectionary – A Liturgical book that holds the readings used
during the liturgy of the Word in the Mass.
 Gospel Book – A book that holds the Sunday and Solemnity
Gospels
 Pitcher and Basin – Used to hold and catch the water for the
washing of the hands of the presider.
 Pyx – A pocket watch-shaped case in which it holds the Holy
Communion to be given to the sick in the Community outside the
celebration of the Mass.
 Processional Cross – The crucifix mounted on a tall pole which is
carried during processions
 Processional Candles – The two candles mounted on a tall pole
which is carried during processions
 Monstrance – A large ornate vessel used to hold the Blessed
Sacrament during Its Public Exposition.
 Lunette – A thin, circular receptacle which holds the Blessed
Sacrament when exposed in the Monstrance.
 Oil Stocks – A metal cylinder, with compartments for sacramental
oils.
 Aspergillum – The bush form or hollow bulb sprinkler which
contains a sponge, and has an openings to sprinkle drops of Holy
Water to the people.
 Thurible – A metal container with a lid which is extended from
chains, in which charcoal and incense is burned. It is also called
censer.
 Incense Boat – A small metal container which holds the incense
to be put into the Thurible.

The Vestments:
  Cassock – A long outer garment worn by the Clergy and by Altar
Servers.
 Alb – A long, white, dress-like vestment which is used by the
Clergy and the Seminarians.
 Cincture – A long cord used to fasten the Alb at the waist to hold it
in place and adjust it to proper length
 Stole – A long colored cloth ornately decorated worn by the priest
around his neck, letting it hang down in front, and worn by the
deacon over his right shoulder and fastened on his left side like a
sash. Its Color varies according to the season or feast.
 Chasuble – The outer vestment worn over the stole and alb. Its
Color varies according to the season or feast.
 Dalmatic – A loose fitting robe with open sides and wide sleeves
worn by deacons.
 Cope – A large semi-circular cloak, held at the front by a clasp or
band of fabric. It is used during benediction of the Blessed
Sacrament.
 Humeral Vail – A large shawl, worn around the shoulders while
carrying the Blessed Sacrament during the benediction and
Eucharistic Procession.
 Surplice – A wide- sleeved garment, slipped over the head,
covering the shoulders, and coming down below the Knees. It is
worn over the Cassock.
 Mitre – A double-pointed head-dress, with two lappets hanging at
the back. It is used by the Bishops.
 Crozier – A staff with a shepherd’s crook at the top, this is a sign
of his pastoral office.
 Pectoral Cross – The Bishop’s cross necklace. It is worn under his
chasuble and the dalmatic, under the cope but above the mozeta.
 Bishop’s Ring – The ring worn by the Bishop at all times as a sign
that he is wedded to Christ in the service of the Church.
 Zucchetto – The Violet cap worn by the Bishop, Purple cap for the
Arch Bishop, Red cap for the Cardinals and white for the Pope.
 Pallium – A vestment given by the pope to a residential Arch
Bishop. They wear it above their chasuble in their jurisdictional
territory.

Attire and Decorum

 Attire –The recommended uniform for the Ministry of Altar

Servers are the following:
  Cassock and Surplice (cape for special occations)
 Plain white undershirt (when serving should be tucked in);
 Black pants (no denim);
 Black / white socks;
 Black leather shoes;
 Insignia, such as pins and Cross
 Personal grooming- Before serving, Altar Servers must come to
church with presentable decorum and proper grooming. This
includes the following:
 Appropriate haircut (2 X 3 hair cut)’
 With no artificial hair color or unnatural hairstyles;
 Clean hands and neatly trimmed fingernails;
 Mustache must be clean-shaven( for older servers only)
 No jewelry;
 Basic hygiene is indispensable

Duties and Responsibilities:

 To have a knowledge of the vessels they are to use for the

celebration of the liturgy, as well as the proper use of these,
including , but not limited to the following:
 Liturgical Vestments
 Sacred Vessels
 Altar Linen
 To ensure the care and maintenance of vessels used for the
celebration of the liturgy, including, but not limited to the
following:
 Processional cross;
 Thurible and boat;
 Bells;
 MINISTRY OF ALTAR SERVERS

Module 6 – The Basic Postures and Gestures

An Altar Server must know and understand every posture appropriate

for the ceremony. And he should also know all the actions that should
be done in every part of the Mass. As a Server you should know when to
move, walk and to bow.

The Hands:

 Your hands must always be clean, with clean fingernails. Wash

them before you serve for you will handle things which are holy.
 Joined hands are held before the breast at 45 degrees, palms
together, fingers extended, thumbs crossed, right over left.
 When one of your hands is occupied, place the other hand open on
your breast.
 When seated, put your hands on your knees.

Standing:
  An altar Server’s head should be kept straight. The body is relaxed
but erect, shoulders back. The feet are together. The hands are
together before the breast at 45 degrees, palms together, fingers
extended, thumbs crossed, right over left.

Walking:

 While walking, walk solemnly, dignified and deliberately. Know

where to go and walk there with head straight, shoulders back,
and hand held properly.

Sitting:

 When sitting, keep back straight and tall. The hand should be
placed at the lap. The feet should be flat on the ground.

Kneeling:

 When kneeling, allow the body weight be equally distributed on

both knees. Leave the feet uncrossed and keep the hands in
praying position.

Genuflecting:

 Single Genuflecting – One goes down on their right knee, keeping

the left one upright, from a standing position. The server gets back
up, but not like a spring, that is, quickly. Nor slowly (with
exception to medical issues).
 Double Genuflect – starts from the single genuflection position.
This genuflection involved both knees planted on the ground, the
servers’ hands still in the orans position (unless carrying an
object) and a moderate bow is made.

Bowing:
 Shoulder Bow – both the head and the shoulders moves as one
action. Bow only slightly forward
 Waist Bow – both the head and the shoulder move together but
with the bending of the waist.