DISEASE CAUSATIVE MOT CARRIER Incubation HALLMARK PHASES LAB/DIAGNOSTIC TEST TREATMENT PROGRAM

AGENT period SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

TUBERCUL Mycobacterium Airborne/ 4-6 wks Blood-tinged sputum DSSM (definitive for INITIAL PHASE TB DOTS “tutok
OSIS Tuberculosis droplet Low grade fever active tb dx) C1- HRZE 2m. gamutan”
(afternoon) - Sputum 5-10 ml C1a- HRZE 2m
Night sweats - C2- HRZES 2m + HRZE Prevention:
Sputum exam 1m - BCG
Chest x-ray C2a- HRZE 2m+ HRZE - HE
TST 2m - Environment
- 48-72 hours a sanitation
Xpert MTB RIF MAINTENANCE PHASE - Early dx and
- Detection in 2 C1- HR 4m treatment
hours C1a- HR 10 m - Respiratory
C2- HRE 5m isolation
C2a- HRE 9m
Pertussis Bordetella droplet Increased cough Antibiotic
(whooping pertussis Pertussis immune
cough) globulin
 Respi
precautions
Diphtheria Corynebacteriu Direct contact Gray membrane in Antibiotic
m diphtheriae tonsils  Strict isolation
Foul smelling
discharges
LEPROSY Mycobacterium Direct Madarosis, 1. Early sign Skin slit test MDT
Leprae contact/ lagophthalmos Reddish, white Rifampicin
DROPLET change in skin Clofazimine
color, pain in eye, dapsone
bleeding, ulcers
 2. Late signs
Madarosis,
lagophthalmo
s
tetatnus Clostridium Open wound Muscle rigidity Antibitics
tetani Opisthotonos Tetanus immune
Respi failure globulin

VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

DENGUE Dengue virus Mosquito bite Aedes Bleeding, petechiae

aegypti Febrile- 2-7 days Tourniquet test- >20 Supportive 4S
(yellow High grade fever, petechiae per 1 inch  paracetamol 1. Search and
fever) myalgia, q4-6 hrs destroy breeding
Dusk and arthralgia, PLT. Count & hct-  ORS places
dawn headache, decreased and  Strict bed rest 2. Seek early
flushing, increased  Monitor labs consultation
erythema - critical phase  Shock- dorsal r. 3. Say yes to fogging
 BT only during
Critical- 24-48 capillary refill test- >3  outbreaks
hours secs Avoid: 4. Self-protection
Plasma leakage  Puncture (IM) measure
with increased dengue NS1 kit-  Nsaids, aspirin
permeability presence of dengue  dark colored
antigen foods
Decreased plt, bleeding
increased hct, HI test- virus ability to  ice pack
ascites, pleural inhibit agglutination  HOB
effusion,  Soft bristled
bleeding, shock  GI BLEED- NPO

Recovery- 48-72
 hours

MALARIA Plasmodium Mosquito bite Anopheles Fever, malaise, History in palawan, chloroquine phosphate
falciparum mosquito profuse sweating Mindoro quinine sulfate
- 3 yrs resident
(cant donate)
Blood smear
FILARIASIS Wuchereria Mosquito bite Aedes Fever, myalagia CFA circulating filarial Diethylcarbamazine
bancrofti poecillus Lymphangitis antigen citrate
(thickening of skin,
scrotum)
WATER-BORNE DISEASES

TYPHOID Salmonella Ingestion of 7-14 days Rose spots Prodromal 5 fs

FEVER typhosa contaminated Headache, fever, Typhidot test, widal chloramphenicol handwashing
food/water diarrhea, anorexia test Avoid:
- Feces
Fastigial - Fomites
Ladder like curve - Flies
of fever, rose - Fluid
spots, - Food
splenomegaly

Defervescence
Fever gradually
subsides
Convalescence
Recovery
DYSENTERY Shigella Ingestion of 3-4 days Colicky abdominal Stool exam chloramphenicol
dysenteriae contaminated pain, diarrhea with
food blood

CHOLERA Vibrio cholerae Ingestion of Rapid explosive Stool exam Tetracycline

contaminated watery diarrhea
food

MMR

MEASLES Morbilli virus Airborne 8-20 days Maculopapular rash Tissue culture of - Antipyretic MMR vaccine
Koplik’s spot nasopharyngeal - Aye, nasal, oral Measles R- under 9
secretions care months
- Fluids MMR- 9 months and
serology - Strict isolation above
airborne precautions

RUBELLA Rubella virus Droplet/ direct Pinkish red Serologic test - Antipyretic MMR
contact with maculopapular rash - Fluid Isolate from
secretions Forchheimer’s spot - Bed rest pregnant women

MUMPS Mumps virus Airborne Earache by chewing Isolation of virus from - Oral care MMR
(paramyxovirus) /droplets/ Parotitis oral spray - Soft – semi  respiratory
direct contact Hearing impairment solid food precautions
with saliva orchitis - Strict isolation  hot/cold
- Terminal compress
disinfection aniel
CHICKEN Varicella zoster Direct and Macula rash - baking soda Varivax doses (12-18
POX virus indirect Vesiculo-pustular bath for months)
contact lesions itchiness
- antipyretic
- trim nails
Legio debilitans Fecal-oral Flaccid paralysis Abortive Stool exam Supportive
POLIOMYEL Fever, sore throat, - bed rest - opv
ITIS stiffness - PROM - proper
disposal
Non-paralytic - handwashing
Exaggerated DTR,
spasm of
hamstring

paralytic
PARASITIC INFECTIONS

ASCARIASIS Ascaris Fecal-oral Abdominal pain, Stool exam Mebendazole - proper

lumbricoides passing worms disposal
- proper
handling of
food
- handwashing
ENTEROBIA Enterobius Vehicle- Perineal itching Scotch tape swab test Mebendazole - hygiene
SIS vermicularis ingestion of - handwashing
(pinworm) contaminated - trim nails
food
ANCLYOSTO Anclyostoma contact Abdominal pain, Stool exam Mebendazole - slippers
SOMIASIS duodenale dermatitis, anemia - handhygiene

SCHISTOSO Schistosoma Indirect Oncomelan Rash at site Stool exam Praziquantel - proper
MIASIS japonicum contact ia quadrasi Abdomen-megaly disposal of
feces and
urine
- proper
irrigation of
stagnant
water
 - prevent
exposure to
contaminate
water
- eradication
of breeding
places
- use of
molluscides
ZOONOSES

RABIES rhabdovirus Bite of rabid Saliva Dog, Dog- withdrawn, Post-mortem DFA PCVC- 0.1 ml
animal cat nervous, paralysis, staining test - isolate PDEV- 0.2 ml
death - seizure
precaution IM
Incubation: flu-like - give food Day 0- 2 doses
- keep water out Day 7, 21- 1 dose
Prodromal: - universal
headache, pain and precautions ID
numbness at site - terminal Day 0- 2 doses
disinfection Day 3- 2 doses
Acute neurologic Day 7- 2 doses
stage Day 30- 2 doses
a. spastic- anxiety
confusion, insomnia

b. dementia-
Hydrophobia,
drooling, excitement

c. paralytic- flaccid,
ascending symmetric
paralysis, coma,
 death
LEPTOSPIR Leptospira inoculation Urine of Sepsis stage- hig 1st week- urine & blood penicillin
OSIS interrogans into break rodents fever, calf pain, culture
from skin abdominal pain
2nd-3rd week- LAT
Immune/toxic stage Leptospira
a. anicteric- agglutination test
disorientation
b. icteric- jaundice

convalescence-
disappear and
relapse 4-5th week

(orange eye & sclera)

SCABIES Sarcoptes contact Itchiness in scalp Ink test, scraping skin Permethrin cream - laundry
scabiei off burrow - hygiene

ANTHRAX bacillus Inhalational Gram staining ciprofloxacin Anthrax vaccine

Anthracis anthrax adsorbed, biothrax

GI anthrax

Cutaneous
(skin)anthrax

LYME Borrelia Tick bite Bull’s eye rash 1st stage: bull’s Blood test 4-6 wks after penicillin
DISEASE burgdorferi eye rash bite
2nd stage: joint
pain
Neuro
complications
Cardiac
 involvement
3rd stage: arthritis
gabhs

Scarlet gabhs Droplet Strawberry tounge antibiotics

fever Pastia sign- rash
blanches

impetigo Bhs/ staph Honey colored antibiotics

aureus crusting

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE/ virus

GONORRHE Neisseria Sexual contact Thick purulent Culture of specimen Ceftriaxone - safe sex
A gonorrheae urethral discharge - monogamy
- crede’s
prophylaxis
for newborn
SYPHILIS Treponema Primary- chancre VDRL venereal disease Penicillin - sex
pallidum research laborator education
Secondary- - monogamy
condylomata, sore
throat

Tertiary- heart and

cns involvement
CHLAMYDI Chlamydia Urethritis with Culture, NAAT nucleic Doxycycline - safe sex
A trachomatis purulent discharge acid amplification test
GENITAL Herpes simplex Direct contact Pinpoint vesicles Serological test Antiviral agents - safe sex
HERPES virus 1&2 with infected - cs if preggy
skin, childbirth

GENITAL HUMAN Direct contact Condylomata lata Excision and histology Cryocautery, removal HPV vaccine
WARTS PAPILLOMAVIR with infected with freezing liquid
US skin nitrogen

HIV HIV 1&2 Sexual contact, Clinical stage I – Western blot- antiretroviral
blood trans, lymphadenopathy confirmatory
direct contact ELISA
of open Clinical stage II-
wound weight loss <10%

Clinical stage III-

>10%

Clinical stage IV- PCP

Infectious ebv Direct contact splenomegaly Warm saline gargle
mononucle blood Bed rest
osis

Erythema Human Respi Slapped cheeks Analgesic

infectiosum parvovirus blood Macular red spots Antipyretic
(5th disease) Anti-inflam
- avoid pregnant
women
COVID SARS-COV 2 Droplet Anosmia, ageusia. RT-PCR VACCINES
cough

MERS-COV Middle east Direct/indirect Fever, sob, diarrhea Supportive

respiratory contact with
syndrome cow, cattle
corona virus