PIERCING THE VEIL OF CORPORATE FICTION

I. Three Cases of Piercing the Corporate Veil

A. Fraud Cases

CASES: 1. Goldline Tours, Inc. vs. Heirs of Maria Concepcion Lacsa (G.R. No. 159108; June
18, 2012a)

2. Luxuria Homes, Inc. vs Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 125986; January 28, 1999)

3. Pioneer Insurance Surety Corporation vs. Morning Star Travel & Tours, Inc. (G.R. No.
198436; July 8, 2015)

B. Alter Ego Cases

- three-pronged test (instumetnality theory)

1. Instrumentality/Control Test

2. Fraud Test

3. Harm Test

CASES: 1. Concept Builders vs. NLRC

2. Philippine National Bank vs. Hydro Resources Contractors Cooperation

3. Kukan International Corporation vs. Reyes (G.R. No. 182729; September 29, 2010)

4. Zambrano vs. Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation; G.R. No. 224099; June 21, 2017).

5. Spouses Nolasco Fernandez vs. Smart Communciations, Inc. (G.R. No. 212885; July 17, 2019)

System, Inc.

C. Equity Cases

CASE: 1. International Academy of Management and Economics (I/AME) vs. Litton and
Company, Inc. (G.R. No. 191525; December 13, 2017)

II. Traditional Veil-Piercing vs Reverse Piercing

A. Outsider Reverse Piercing

B. Insider Reverse Piercing

CASE: 1. International Academy of Management and Economics vs. Litton and Company, Inc.
(G.R. No. 191525; December 13, 2017)

III. Consequences of Corporate Veil Piercing

CASES: 1. Lanuza vs. BF Corporation (G.R. No. 174938; October 1, 2014)

2. Pamplona Plantation Co., Inc. vs. Tinghil (G.R. No. 159121; February 3, 2005)

INCORPORATION AND ORGANIZATION OF PRIVATE CORPORATION

I. Concept (Sec. 10-12)

II. Contents and form of the Articles of Incorporation (Sec. 13-14)