DEFINITIONS Lakshmi.

Talasila

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

ECOSYSTEM
ECOLOGY

ENVIRONMENT
 The word ‘environment’ is derived from the French word ‘environner’,
which means ‘to encircle’ or to surround
According to Section 2(a) of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986,
Environment ‘Environment’ includes
Water, air and land the inter-relationship which exists among and
between water,air,land and human-beings, other living creatures,
plants, micro organisms and property.

Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among

Ecology organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms
have with each other and with their biotic environment.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and

microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their
Ecosystem environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a
system.
ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM

Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of

interactions among organisms and their environment,
such as the interactions organisms have with each
other and with their biotic environment.
Ecologists seek to explain:

 Life processes, interactions and adaptations

 The movement of materials and energy
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through living communities
 The successional development of ecosystems
 The abundance and distribution of organisms
and biodiversity in the context of
the environment.
 ECOSYSTEM

BIOTIC ABIOTIC

CONSUMERS AIR &

PRODUCERS DECOMPOSERS
SUNLIGHT

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

CONSUMERS CONSUMERS CONSUMERS WATER

SOIL
 STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT

Biological Environment
Physical Environment

Atmosphere

Lithosphere
 Ecosystem

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LEVELS- FOOD CHAIN

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Level 1—Producers (autotrophs)

Level 2—Primary Consumers

(herbivores)

Level 3—Secondary Consumers

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(carnivores or omnivores)

Level 4—Tertiary Consumers

(carnivore—usually top carnivore)

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◍ Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are
other essential abiotic components of an
ecosystem.
◍ Ecosystems are controlled both by external
and internal factors.
◍ External factors such as climate, the parent
material which forms the soil and topography,
control the overall structure of an ecosystem .
External factors such as climate, the
parent material which forms the soil and
topography, control the overall structure
of an which

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 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

 Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that causes adverse change.
 Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy,
such as noise, heat or light.
 Pollutants: the components of pollution, can be

 either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring

contaminants.
 Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source
pollution.
 Forms of pollution
Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Land Pollution Thermal Pollution

Environmental Pollution
NEED FOR PROTECTION OF
ENVIRONMENT Environmental Pollution

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 The major sources of air pollution are:
 Industrial emissions

 Vehicular emissions

 Domestic emissions

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misuse of resources

and improper disposal of waste

• Illegal dumping in natural habitats

• Oil spills that happen inland

• The use of pesticides and other farming

. • Damage and debris caused from unsustainable

mining and logging practices

• Radiation spills or nuclear accidents

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 Sources of water pollution
• Natural sources-
• clay & slit from soil erosion, leaching of minerals,
falling of organic matter from banks.

• Man-made sources-
a. Municipal wastewater
b. Industral wastewater
c. domestic sewage
a. surface run off (containing pesticides & fertilizers)

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 transport vehicles
 Public address systems like loud speakers.
 dynamite blasting
 cracker used at occasions like marriages & festivals
 Stone crushing, construction work etc.

Control of noise pollution-

• Decibels meters
• Noise pollution control laws
• Green mufflers or green belt vegetation
• Ear plugs & ear muffs
• Permissible time & sound level for use of crackers
• Sound diversion
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