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(CT A) Oncology-Dr. Duenas (Wini Ong)
(CT A) Oncology-Dr. Duenas (Wini Ong)
3. Adjuvant
chemotherapy
:
-‐ adjuvant
to
surgery/radiotherapy
-‐ goal
is
to
reduce
incidence
of
both
systemic
&
local
recurrence
*The
mass
is
smaller
&
can
be
removed
surgically;
however,
if
the
histopathologic
study
evidence
of
lymph
node
spread,
the
patient
has
to
undergo
intervention
through
adjuvant
chemotherapy.
Normal
value
=
Zero
*If
beyond
the
normal
value,
chemotherapy
will
not
be
done
4. Concurrent
chemo
radiation
because
the
patient
is
weak.
The
patient
must
be
able
to
- Treatment
with
chemotherapeutic
agents
&
care
for
himself
before
starting
the
chemotherapy.
chemotherapeutic
radiation
are
done
together
because
they
are
expensive
Most
adverse
drug
reactions
are
mild,
but
severe
forms
may
occur.
Anaphylaxis
is
a
rare
severe
allergic
5. Hydration
(most
common:
PNSS)
reaction
that
occurs
with
platinum
and
taxane
group.
The
- to
prevent
adverse
effects
due
to
cytotoxic
drugs
following
drug
reactions
may
occur
either
during
infusion
or
- IV
fluids
can
be
used
as
either
pre-‐
or
post-‐ following
the
completion
of
infusion.
Drugs
that
commonly
hydration
to
maintain
renal
blood
flow
&
urine
cause
adverse
reactions
include
carboplatin,
cisplatin,
output,
which
enhances
elimination
of
a
docetaxel,
liposomal
doxorubicin,
oxaliplatin
and
paclitaxel.
potentially
nephrotoxic
drug
*see
diagnostic
criteria
&
algorithms
on
the
last
pages
Day
1.
Paclitaxel
175mg/m2
IV
over
3
hours;
followed
Computation:
*ratio
&
proportion
lang
to,
wag
mastress
J
by
Carboplatin
AUC
5-‐6
IV
over
1
hour;
and
Mg
needed
by
pt:
(175mg/
m2)(1.59)
=
278.25mg
Bevacizumab
7.5
mg/kg
IV
over
30-‐90
minutes.
Repeat
mL
needed
for
mg
based
on
available
prep:
every
3
weeks
x
5-‐6
cycles.
Continue
Bevacizumab
for
-‐>
278.25mg
:
x
mL
=
300mg
:
50mL
up
to
12
additional
cycles
-‐>
x
=
46mL
OR
Day
1.
Paclitaxel
175mg/m2
IV
over
3
hours;
followed
by
Carboplatin
AUC
6
IV
over
1
hour.
Repeat
every
3
CARBOPLATIN
weeks
x
6
cycles.
Starting
Day
1
of
Cycle
2:
Give
• One
of
the
platinum
analogs
which
are
inorganic
Bevacizumab
15mg/kg
IV
over
30-‐90
minutes
every
3
metal
complexes
weeks
for
up
to
22
cycles.
• 2nd
generation
platinum
• Usually
synergize
with
alkylating
agents,
fluoropyrimidines
&
taxanes
• Site
of
action:
à primary
binding
site:
N7
of
guanine
à covalent
interaction
with
N3
of
adenine,
O6
of
cytosine
3
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
• MOA:
Form
intrastrand
and
interstrand
DNA
cross
Management
of
drug
reactions:
link;
Binds
to
nuclear
and
cytoplasmic
proteins
A. For
Paclitaxel
&
Carboplatin
hypersensitivity
• Broad
spectrum
against
solid
tumors
reaction
(rash)
• Acute
toxicity:
GI
problems
(Nausea
&
vomiting)
1. Stop
infusion
&
administer
H1
blocker;
if
it
needs
*lesser
compared
to
other
platunim
analogs
immediate
action,
give
corticosteroid
• Delayed
toxicity:
Myelosupression
(major
dose-‐ (Hydrocortisone
is
most
fast
acting)
limiting
toxicity),
renal
toxicity,
rarely
peripheral
2. Rechallenge
with
a
slower
infusion
rate
once
neuropathy
vitals
become
stable.
Administer
H1
blocker,
dexamethasone
and
H2
blocker
as
Computation
for
Carboplatin
dosage:
premedication.
- Recommended
by
NCCN:
AUC
5-‐6
IV
over
1
hr
3. If
repeat
mild
reaction,
do
not
- Normal
GFR
for
Filipinos:
60-‐90mL/min
rechallenge/readminister.
Potential
candidate
- GFR
set
by
FDA
(USA):
125mL/min
for
desensitization
Calvert’s
fomula:
Dose
=
AUC
x
(GFR
+25)
B. For
possible
peripheral
neuropathy
by
paclitaxel
=
5
x
(60mL/min+25)
or
6
x
(60mL/min+25)
- Replace
with
DOXETAXEL
(expensive)
for
patients
=
425mL
or
510mL
IV
over
1hr
at
risk
(those
with
old
age
and/or
with
DM)
C. For
Bevacizumab
adverse
effects
BEVACIZUMAB
-‐
It
causes
delay
in
wound
healing
and
since
patient
• Recombinant
humanized
monoclonal
antibody
just
got
an
operation,
ideal
time
to
give
is
≥
28
days
• MOA:
Inhibits
VEGF
interactions
with
its
receptors:
post-‐op
(source:
A
review
on
bevacizumab
and
– Target
either
the
VEGF
ligand
w/
antibodies
surgical
wound
healing:
an
important
warning
to
or
soluble
chimeric
decoy
receptors
all
surgeons.)
– Direct
inhibition
of
the
VEGF
receptor-‐
associated
tyrosine
kinase
activity
by
small
molecule
inhibitors
*Note:
The
next
pages
contain
the
general
algorithms
in
diagnosis,
• Inhibits
tumor
vascular
permeability
but
enhances
staging
and
management
of
ovarian
cancer
from
NCCN,
please
read
tumor
blood
flow
&
drug
delivery
through
them
because
doc
may
ask
questions
from
there.
• Acute
toxicities:
hypertension
&
infusion
reactions
• Delayed
toxicities:
arterial
thromboembolic
events,
GI
perforations,
wound
healing
complications,
proteinuria
• Available
preparations
in
the
Philippines:
100mg/4ml
vial
and
400mg/16
ml
vial.
• In
the
NCCN
2015
Guidelines:
administered
at
a
dose
of
7.5
mg/kg
IV
over
30
to
90
minutes
at
Day
1.
It
is
repeated
every
3
weeks
for
5
to
6
cycles.
Bevacizumab
is
continued
for
up
to
12
cycles.
Sources:
Computation
for
Bevacizumab
dosage:
NCCN.
(2015).
Epithelial
Ovarian
Cancer/
Fallopian
Tube
Cancer/
Primary
Peritoneal
- Patient’s
weight=
135
lbs
OR
61.36kg
Cancer
Guidelines.
NCCN
Guidelines
.
- Dose
needed:
7.5mg/kg
IV
3B
Report
and
Case
notes
Basic
Pharmacology
2B
Manual
’14-‐‘15
- Available
Preparations:
100mg/4mL
vial;
400mg/16
mL
vial
Computation:
Mg
needed
by
pt:
7.5mg/kg
x
61.36kg
=
460.2mg
*doc
says
to
always
go
for
the
nearest
dose/vial
but
do
not
go
beyond
recommended
dose.
So
for
the
patient,
1
vial
of
400mg/16mL
is
already
enough.
It’s
better
to
have
underdosage
than
overdosage.
4
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
NCCN
GUIDELINES:
5
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
6
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
7
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
8
CLINICAL
THERAPEUTICS
3A
–
MIDTERMS
CASE
2:
ONCOLOGY
Medcine2017
Facilitator:
Dr.
R.Z.
Duenas
9