Ferriols, Kyla Cassandra A.

November 17, 2022

BSN- NBB

Drug Name Mode of Action Indication & Contraindication Drug-Drug interaction Nsg Concideration Example

*Assess for mentioned cautions

 Narcotics  The opioid receptors
are coupled to G1
proteins and the actions
of the opioids
are mainly inhibitory.
They close N-type
voltage-operated
calcium channels and
open calcium-
dependent inwardly-
rectifying potassium
channels. This results in
hyperpolarization and a
reduction in neuronal
excitability
 Indication Drugs that may interact with
 They are only used opioid medications include:
for pain that is severe  Alcohol
and is not helped by  Anti-seizure
other types of medications, such as
painkillers. When used carbamazepine
carefully and under a (Carbatrol, Tegretol,
health care provider's others)
direct care, these drugs  Certain antibiotics,
can be effective at including clarithromycin
reducing pain. (Biaxin)
 Contraindication  Certain antidepressants
- Their use are  Certain antifungals,
primarily including itraconazole
respiratory (Onmel, Sporanox),
depression and ketoconazole and
increased voriconazole (Vfend)
intracranial  Certain antiretroviral
pressure. Their use drugs used for HIV
may mask infection, including
potentially serious atazanavir (Reyataz),
postoperative indinavir (Crixivan),
complications. ritonavir (Norvir) and
others
 Drugs used to treat
psychiatric disorders,
such as haloperidol
(Haldol)
 Muscle relaxers, such as
cyclobenzaprine (Amrix)
and contraindications (e.g. drug · Fentanyl -- available as a patch
allergy, respiratory dysfunction, · Hydrocodone
myocardial infarction and CAD, ·Hydromorphone
hepatorenal dysfunction, etc.) ·Meperidine
to prevent untoward
complications.
*Conduct pain assessment with
patient to establish baseline and
evaluate effectiveness of drug
therapy.
*Perform thorough physical
(CNS, vital signs, bowel sounds,
urine output) to establish
baseline status before
beginning therapy, determine
drug effectiveness and evaluate
for any potential adverse
effects.
*Monitor laboratory results
(liver function, kidney function)
to determine need for possible
dose adjustment and identify
toxic drug effects.
 Drug name Mode of Action Indications and Contraindication Drug-Drug Interaction Nsg Consideration Example

- Sedative - Indications
- modifying certain Enhancement of Metabolism.— - Alcohol, other CNS Assess for the mentioned - barbiturates,
nerve Most drugs and many naturally depressants: cautions and contraindications - benzodiazepines,
communications in occurring compounds are increased risk of (e.g. drug allergies, hepatorenal - gamma-
your central metabolized into water-soluble CNS depression diseases, psychosis, glaucoma, hydroxybutyrate
nervous system derivatives before excretion, - Cimetidine, oral etc.) to prevent any untoward (GHB),
(CNS) to your brain. and this biotransformation is contraceptives, complications. - opioids
In this case, they effected mainly by microsomal disulfiram:
relax your body by enzymes. increased effects of
slowing down brain - Contraindication benzodiazepines Perform a thorough physical
activity. Specifically, Allergy to benzodiazepines. - Theophylline, assessment to establish
sedatives make the Prevent severe hypersensitivity ranitidine: baseline data before drug
neurotransmitter reactions. decreased therapy begins, to determine
Psychosis. Can be exacerbated by
called gamma- therapeutic effects effectiveness of therapy, and to
sedation
aminobutyric acid Acute narrow-angle glaucoma,
of benzodiazepines evaluate for occurrence of any
( GABA ) work shock, coma, acute alcoholic - Flumazenil is the adverse effects associated with
overtime. intoxication. Can be exacerbated antidote of drug therapy.
by the depressant effects of these benzodiazepine.
drugs.
Pregnancy. Associated with Monitor results of laboratory
development of cleft lip or palate, tests (e.g. renal and liver
inguinal hernia, cardiac defects,
functions tests, complete blood
microcephaly, and pyloric
stenosis when taken in the first
count (CBC), etc.) to monitor
trimester of pregnancy. Neonatal effectiveness of the therapy and
withdrawal syndrome may also provide prompt treatment to
result. developing complications.
Lactation. Potential adverse effects
to the neonate (e.g. sedation)
Elderly debilitated. Possibiliy of
unpredictable reactions
Renal or hepatic
dysfunction. May alter metabolism
and excretion of drugs resulting in
direct toxicity.
 Drug name Mode of Action Indications and Contraindication Drug-Drug Interaction Nsg Consideration Example

- Hypnotics - believed to exert Indication - Ambien

their effect on the - Generally indicated Alcohol, other CNS depressants - Assess for the (zolpidem)
brain by interacting for anxiety, (e.g. antihistamines, mentioned cautions - Belsomra
with receptors for sedation, insomnia, tranquilizers, etc.): increased and (suvorexant)
the paresthesia, and risk of CNS depression contraindications - Butisol
neurotransmitter seizures. Phenytoin: altered response to (e.g. drug allergies, (butabarbital)
GABA. Their effect - Parenteral forms phenytoin hepatorenal
- Doral
at these receptors may be used for Monoamine oxidase (MAO) diseases, seizure
(quazepam)
enhances the action treatment of acute inhibitors: increased serum disorders, etc.) to
of GABA as an manic reactions levels of barbiturates prevent any
inhibitory Oral anticoagulants, digoxin, untoward
neurotransmitter corticosteroids, tricyclic complications.
and results in a antidepressants (TCAs), oral - Perform a thorough
depression of brain - Contraindication contraceptives, acetaminophen, physical assessment
activity. Allergy to barbiturates. Prevent metronidazole, carbamazepine: to establish
severe hypersensitivity reduced effectivity of these baseline data
reactions. drugs because of enzyme before drug therapy
History of addiction to sedative- induction effect of barbiturates begins, to
hypnotic drugs: barbiturates are determine
more addicting than most other effectiveness of
anxiolytics therapy, and to
Latent or manifest euphoria. evaluate for
May be exacerbated by drug occurrence of any
effects adverse effects
Marked hepatic impairment or associated with
nephritis. May alter the drug therapy.
metabolism and excretion of
drugs
-
 Drug name Mode of Action Indications and Contraindication Drug-Drug Interaction Nsg Consideration Example

- Anxiolytic - cause central Indication  Vital signs - include  alprazolam (Xanax)

nervous system - Anxiety It is dangerous to combine orthostatic hypotension  chlordiazepoxide
(CNS) depression - Preoperative benzodiazepines with other assessment (Librium)
through sedation central nervous system  Weight  clonazepam (Klonopin)
potentiation of - Anesthesia depressants, including alcohol.  LOC  diazepam (Valium)
gamma- induction Doing so may cause profound  Laboratory values: CBC,
aminobutyric acid - Sedation for drowsiness and/or impair hepatic, renal, cardiac
(GABA), a mechanical breathing. function
neurotransmitter ventilation  Current medications
that decreases - Alcohol withdrawal  Side effects - report to
neuronal syndrome provider and intervene
excitability. - Status epilepticus if necessary
Contraindication  Have resuscitative
- Myasthenia gravis equipment nearby
- Concomitant use  Phenobarbital for long-
with other CNS term anticonvulsant
depressants therapy - monitor
- Acute narrow-angle serum folate levels
glaucoma  Administer IV dose
- Pregnancy, slowly
breastfeeding