densities at latm

( h 13 : Fluids p density is
my
-
-
-
-

d =
depth units :
KI
*
density is what an object is made of m'

not Its p Fai force pl unit A

a-
size
=

p po +
pgd
=

13.2 pressure gabs

atm
:

pressure

units =
Pa =
I
2
m

Pa 1bar
In 100,000Pa
-
= -

14.7 psi =
14.7¥ =
I atm
I torr =
latm -
-
760 mmHg
pressure exists at all points of a container
-

spring and piston

- -

measure absolute pressure ( p )

gauge pressure ( pg) pg =p p

=
atoms
- -

↳ actual pressure above atmospheric pressure

F by water at
bottom
A
PA

①
op

Eon
.
:O

F- by bottom -
f-
by top
-

mg
=
0

am eats Pb A -

Pb A -

mg
-
-
O
b

p II - o F PA
- -
-
-

Ex Glaucoma
.
:
Pressures as
great as 85mm Hg .
p
=
po
t
pgd
Surface area in back of eyes is a 6cm? What kind r i t
Dabs Patm
OF force does this represent ? pg
need Pa
£ '
-
"

bmfnf (En) 6×10

' '
85 mmHg A 6cm
'
m
85 mmHg
( loygoomomp.gg ) 11329.6Pa
=
Pg
-

: -

need

P A
P F AP
'll 11329Pa)
= "
f
=
o
( 6×10 6.8 N
-
-
=
=
m

EI :
Vertebrate in the spine : lifting improperly result in forces
can of 5000 N applied over a 10cm
'
area .

What pressure results? How deep would you have to dive ?

F =
5000N A =
10cm '

p =
I p
-
-
15000hL ,
5×106 Pa
A 0.001M '

" "m
.cl#mTr
'
=

p =p
ga 5.0×106 =
( 1000
'
19.8 Eg ) d D= 510M

Gaugeorttbsoloteo total pressure at bottom of a tank filled w/ both water and 011
LET: '
ater
total pressure is due to air . oil ,
and water Dabs =
Po t
Pg
P bot =
Po +
Poll +
P water -0 Dabs =
Paths +
Pong doll
+
P water Gd water
 * Pressure increases as you go deeper , push Wla force , put something on top
Ex The gas
. in the cylinder is at a pressure of p gas
=
3.0×105 Pa How high is the column of mercury ?

(
3.0×105 P ,
= Pz P gas =
Patm t
p atm gh
T

3. O x
105Pa =
101300 Pa t ( 13,600kg 1ms ) ( 9.8 Fg) h
h =
1.5M

Ex .
A ball weighing 1. ON has a density 113 that of water .
What is the
tension in the string when the ball 1$ held under water as shown .

Force By on x
y

wf#
weight Earth B O -
w
Tension string B O -

T
pressure Atm B O -
F ←
Buoyancy
Ef -
-
Ma
-

W T - -
B = 0
-

IN -

T -
B = O
IN M (9.8) m 0.102kg
-
.
-
-

T B W V th
p ng
- - -
-
- - -

p
-
-

Ill 01300Pa) =
33766.6 p
T V W T Wba
P water g th
-

pg
-
-
- - -

"

Pball
F- 1000k£ ¥7, -
IN T 2N-
-

HI
'
M of
. =
- kg To find mass object when
Ms
density is known .

this is buoyancy force .

Density
of the fluid and
Density is

KIM ,
.

tsh . m
'
=
KII =
I volume is only the submerged
portion of the object

Pressure and the pressure at

KI I a depth of h bellow the surface
my
=
m
.
'
m
←

m
' ,
the density is of the fluid

This is the weight of an

kg '

FT = N object ,
force by the earth .

Mass is of the object .

Hydrostatics Ono =
1000¥ .
P =

IT a- smaller area > pressure

Pg =
TIOM a

"
P (1000119.811101=9.8×10 Pa due to water
only
←
pgh
-
-

* need to add I atm for Dabs =

Po

Buoyancy :
force pushing up on water FB =

Way;g , ,aced
=
Of g V submerged ←
only part
is underwater
that

( archimedes Principle)
 TFB know that will to 0
b/c object is floating we sum of forces =

D-
,

SO
FB = W object = Wand displaced
←
Only when object IS
floating
I w -

mg

T Pf, g V $06
V
If floating It means Daud g V submerged =
P object G
D- object
← entire

f. W=
pobjg Venture object

m m

object is
D
← at equilibrium buoyancy and W =
to each other G V sub =
Vob,
completely
submerged but not sinking 1 rising -
EF =
downward so , since gd, V are equal to each other the
+
Ly
,

density must be greater

object sinking

% sub =
pobject . 100
P fluid

Ex
m
2kg What
-

?
-

sp gr 0.05 volume is submerged

-

-
-

←
.

FB =
my
=
prey V sub 2kg =
1000k£ V ,
V =
0.002M'

500N water it 300N W app ?

_q¥00N obj normally weighs ,
under weighs ←
.
p =

O EF =
FB -

500N =
-
300N FB = 200N ←
use to get density
to 500N T
ble points down
neg * b/c entire object is submerged , Vsobm =
V object

only diff IS density so Dob, =

2.50 Hao
= 2500 Kmt
,

* Buoyant force depends on the volume of an object ,

not the weight

Ex .
Tension in a string is measured to be 7.81N .
Crown weighs 8.30N

t.IT#- 7.81N FB -

or g V sub EF =
FB + T -
Wo = O
A-
.

to W : 8.30N
FB 11000k£) (9.8) V
-
-
=
.
Fb =
7.81 -
8.30 = 0.49N

Vo we FB pfvog
=
(Ffg) g
Pr
Pat Po
=
Wo PRI
-
-
=
-
-
.

Dog FB

11000118.3mL =
17000kg 1ms ← lower than pure gold
0.49N

Floating at static Equilibrium

FB =
pf Vr g .
=
Wo =
Po Vo g Ve =
por Vo less than Vo ble po Cpr .

P f
o A submarine cruises at depth of 300M .
What is the pressure at this depth ?

P = ( 1000 kglmx) ( 9.8 FT ) ( 300M) =

2940000k¥ =
Pa .
I = 29.0 atm
101300Pa

A- a connected liquid in hydrostatic equilibrium rises to the

same height in all open regions of the container

* only fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium

←
even though P ,
holds more water ,
P , =P . b/c at same depth

p , =p .
It In hydrostatic equilibrium , pressure is the same at all points in
a horizontal line through a connected liquid of a single kind

Ex .
What is the pressure at the top of the closed tube ?
"
←
even though Pa is not at same h as P, they still equal to each other

160cm
,

still =P ,
to
P, is open to atmosphere so P, =
Po =
Patin =
101k Pa
s
( 1.01×10 ) 11000kg1ms ) ( 9.8mF) ( 0.6M)
-

D.
Pubs -
-

pot pgd Po -

-
t

T
pressure at top Po -
-
106880Pa
1- other liquid

Pascal 's Principle

IF the pressure at one point in an incompressible fluid is changed ,
the pressure at every other point in the
fluid changes by the same amount .

so basically ,
IF liquid is sealed in container ( or WI piston) If pressure is applied It will be distributed equally
How to solve :

I . Draw a picture -
show open surfaces , pistons ,
anything that affects pressure .
Include h da A G p

2. Determine Po at surface open to air Po =

patm = I atm

in contact wlgas Do =D gas

closed Po =
pgas Where tf is the force that a surface ( piston) exerts on fluid

3. Horizontal lines -

pressure in a connected fluid is the same at any point along horizontal line

4 . Allow for gauge pressure

-

pressure gauges read pg

-
-

p -

patm
* so have to add latm

5 . Use hydrostatic pressure equation -

P -
-
Po +
pgh

13.4 -

Pressure in a tube w/ 2 liquids %

÷k↳ .int
"
is
. ""

: :O:÷:÷÷ :÷ ::S
75cm . -
- - -

.
.

. . .

P, =
I atm + ( 900119.81/0.75) ←
atm t
pressure of oil on →

=/ atm +
6620
P2 =
B t ( 1000119.8110 .
2g,
=P, + 24250 * since P ,
=
Pz P, =
Pz -
24250 = P .
-

24250
P, =
Pz -

24250 P, =
I atm t 6620 I atm + 6620 -

2450

=
Iatm t
-

4200Pa

* better to understand :
Patin +
Pough =
Paused +

Dwg h water
-
T t
surface P surf P
p of o,,

( 101300Pa) + 1900 "

91ms ) ( 9.87g) ( 0.75M) =
P t 11000 119.8 Eg ) ( 0.25M)

P =
105,500 Pa .

kg
MT
.
Kg