SESSION 2 Arithmatics Part 2 2022

Arithmetic's
HaithamDahawi@Gmail.com 01001635997
ARITHMETIC OUTLINE
Fractions
 Definition
Integers  Mixed numbers
 Definition  Quotient & Remainder
 Divisor & Multiple  Addition\Subtraction
 Even &Odd  Multiplication\Division
 Prime number
 Factorizing Decimals
 Properties of integer  Converting D to F
 Addition and subtraction
 Consecutives  Multiplication
 Division
 Rounding
ARITHMETIC OUTLINE
Percents
 Percent of a number
Real Numbers
 Number when percent is given
 Definition
 Percent one no is of another
 Absolute Values
 Percent increase and decrease
 Properties of Real no
Powers and Roots
 Definition
Ratio and Proportion  Rules for Exponents
 Definition  Important Exponents
 Rules for Roots
 Important Roots
Definition
REAL NUMBERS Absolute Values
Prop of Real no
REAL NUMBERS DEFINITION
All Real no correspond to points on the no line

All points on the no line correspond to Real no
All real no except zero are either +ve or –ve
The no n is between 1 and 4 on the no line means that:

n > 1 and n < 4, that is: 1 < n < 4
If n is “between 1 and 4, inclusive,” then 1 ≤ n ≤ 4
REAL NUMBERS ABSOLUTE VALUE
Absolute value : |x| : magnitude not the direction

Distance between no and zero on the no line
|5| =5 |-6|=6 |+X|=|-X|=
3 and –3 have the same absolute value: 3

If |X|=3 then what is X=?
X=3 or X=-3
 Another definition : |x|= √x2

 x= -2, x2=4 , √x2=2 =|x|
REAL NUMBERS PROPERTIES
(1) x + y = y + x and xy = yx.

 Ex : 8 + 3 = 3 + 8 = 11, and (17)(5) = (5)(17) = 85.
(2) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) and (xy)z = x (yz).

 Ex : (7 + 5) + 2 = 7 + (5 + 2) = 7 + (7) = 14
 : (5 3)( 3) = (5 3 3)=(5)(3 3)=45.
(3) x(y + z) = xy + xz.

 Ex : 718(36) + 718(64) = 718(36 + 64) = 718(100) = 71,800.
(4) If x and y are both positive,

then x + y and xy are positive.
(5) If x and y are both negative,

then x + y is negative and xy is positive.
(6) If x is positive and y is negative,

then xy is negative.
(7) If xy = 0, then x = 0 or y = 0.
 Ex : 3y = 0 implies y = 0.
(8) | x + y | ≤ |x| + |y|.
 if x = -10 and y = -2,

 then |x + y | = |-12| & |x| + |y|=|-10| + |-2|
 then |x + y | = 12 & |x| + |y|=10 + 2=12
: if x = -10 and y = 2,
 then |x + y| = |-8| & |x| + |y|.=|-10| + |2|
 then |x + y| = 8 & |x| + |y|.=10 + 2 =12
REAL NUMBERS PRACTICE
Answer B
(9) (x+y)(x+y)=(x+y)2
= x2+xy+yx+y2
=x2+2xy+y2
(10) (x-y) (x-y) =(x-y)2

= x2-xy-yx+y2
=x2-2xy+y2
(11) (x+y) (x-y) =

= x2-xy+yx-y2
= x2-y2
RATIO & • Definition
PROPORTION • Total Ratio
RATIO & PROPORTION DEFINITION
The Ratio of number a to the number b (b ≠ 0) is a/b
A Ratio may be represented in ways as:

2
 Ex : the ratio of 2 to 3 can be written as 2 to 3, 2:3, or
3
The order of the terms of a ratio is important.

 Ex : the ratio of no of months with exactly 30 days to the no
with exactly 31 days is
4:7 not 7:4
𝟒 𝟕
not
𝟕 𝟒
RATIO & PROPORTION DEFINITION
A Proportion : a statement that two ratios are equal;
 Ex : 2:3➔8:12 is a proportion.
One way to solve proportion involving an unknown is to cross

multiply obtaining a new equality
2 𝑛
 Ex : to solve for n : =
3 12 2:3
 Cross multiply: 2x12=24 = 3n ? 8:x
x4
24
 Divide both sides by 3➔ n= =8
3
RATIO & PROPORTION PRACTICE
Answer C
Answer D
Answer C
A length of cloth is 40 feet long. If it is cut into lengths that have

the ratio 2:3:5 ; what are the lengths of the parts
8:12:20
▪ Percent of a number
PERCENT ▪
▪
Percent inc and dec
Important percent
▪ Interest Problems
PERCENT DEFINITION
Percent :means per hundred or number out of 100
Percent can be represented as a fraction with denominator of 100 ,

or as a decimal
37% = 37/100 =0.37
To find certain percent of a percent:

2% of 20% =0.02x0.2 =0.004 =0.4%
2 20 40 4 0.4
× = = = = 0.4%
100 100 10000 1000 100
PERCENT COMMON TYPES
1) Find a certain percent of a number:

what is 20% of 90?
20 1800 1
M= 20% X 90 = × 90 = or × 90 = 18
100 100 5
2) Finding a number when a percent is given:

7 is 14 percent of what number?
14 100 50
7=14% X M 7= x M ➔ 7x =M 7x =M=50
100 14 7
3) Finding what percent one number is of another

90 is what percent of 1,500?
90 𝑀 90×100
90=M % X 1,500 ➔ = ➔ = M ➔6=M ➔ M%=6%
1500 100 1500
PERCENT INCREASE & DECREASE
10 Became 12? how much is the increase ?

12 Became 10? how much is the increase ?
𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝑜𝑙𝑑 12 − 10 2 20
= = = = 20%
𝑜𝑙𝑑 10 10 100
12 decreased by what percent is 10?
𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝑜𝑙𝑑 12 − 10 2 1
= = = = 0.1666 = 16.66%
𝑜𝑙𝑑 12 12 6
PERCENT PRACTICE
Answer E
PERCENT PRACTICE
Answer C
PERCENT P → D → F
PERCENT PRACTICE
Answer C
PERCENT PRACTICE
INTEREST PROBLEMS SIMPLE
Haitham Dahawi Haithamhassan2000@yahoo.com

INTEREST PROBLEMS COMPOUND

INTEREST PROBLEMS

INTEREST PROBLEMS
• Definition
• Rules for Exponents
POWERS & ROOTS •
•
Important Exponents
Rules for Roots
• Important Roots
POWERS & ROOTS DEFINITION
Kn means the nth Power of k.
22 =2 × 2 =4
43 =4 × 4 × 4 =64
The root is the inverse operation of the power

A Square Root of a number n = number that when squared, is equal
to n.
2 3 5
 4=2 64 = 4 −243= -3
 The square root only yields a positive root

 The square root of a negative number is not a real number.
POWERS RULES
POWERS SIMPLIFICATION
Simplify the following:
1. (3x)2 = 32x2
2. (-4y)2 = (-)2(4)2(y)2 = 16y2
2 2 3 23 8
3. ( )3 =( ) = 3 =
3 3 3 27
4. (16x3-4x) = 4x(4x2-1)
POWERS SIGNIFICANT POWERS
POWERS PRACTICE
Answer :C
POWERS PRACTICE
Answer :A
POWERS PRACTICE
Answer :B
POWERS PRACTICE
Answer :D
ROOTS RULES
ROOTS SIGNIFICANT ROOTS
Some important roots

 Note: in the square roots
 the +ve is the only root
ROOTS CALCULATION
In case of the 2nd root (we take one out of every pair)
2 80
80
2 40
2 20
= 2×2×2×2×5 2 10
5 5
= 2 2×2×5 1
= 2×2 5=4 5
ROOTS CALCULATION
In case of the 3rd root (we take one out of every three)
3 2 80
80
2 40
3 2 20
= 2×2×2×2×5 2 10
5 5
3
= 2 2×5 1
= 2 10
ROOTS SIMPLIFICATION
Simplify the following:
1. 3 5 + 7 5 = 10 5
2. 5𝑥 x 7𝑦 = 35𝑥𝑦
20𝑥
3. 5𝑥 = 4= 2
ROOTS PRACTICE
Simplify :
1. 3
𝑥3𝑦 =𝑥 3
𝑦
4
2. 256𝑎8 =4a2
3. 27 + 48 − 12 =3 3 + 4 3 − 2 3 = 5 3
ROOTS PRACTICE
Answer :C
ROOTS PRACTICE
Answer :D

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Arithmetic's

All Real no correspond to points on the no line

All real no except zero are either +ve or –ve

The no n is between 1 and 4 on the no line means that:

If n is “between 1 and 4, inclusive,” then 1 ≤ n ≤ 4

Absolute value : |x| : magnitude not the direction

|5| =5 |-6|=6 |+X|=|-X|=

3 and –3 have the same absolute value: 3

 Another definition : |x|= √x2

(1) x + y = y + x and xy = yx.

(2) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) and (xy)z = x (yz).

(3) x(y + z) = xy + xz.

(4) If x and y are both positive,

(5) If x and y are both negative,

(6) If x is positive and y is negative,

(8) | x + y | ≤ |x| + |y|.

 if x = -10 and y = -2,

(10) (x-y) (x-y) =(x-y)2

(11) (x+y) (x-y) =

The Ratio of number a to the number b (b ≠ 0) is a/b

A Ratio may be represented in ways as:

The order of the terms of a ratio is important.

One way to solve proportion involving an unknown is to cross

A length of cloth is 40 feet long. If it is cut into lengths that have

Percent :means per hundred or number out of 100

Percent can be represented as a fraction with denominator of 100 ,

To find certain percent of a percent:

1) Find a certain percent of a number:

2) Finding a number when a percent is given:

3) Finding what percent one number is of another

10 Became 12? how much is the increase ?

12 decreased by what percent is 10?

Haitham Dahawi Haithamhassan2000@yahoo.com

Haitham Dahawi Haithamhassan2000@yahoo.com

Haitham Dahawi Haithamhassan2000@yahoo.com

The root is the inverse operation of the power

 The square root only yields a positive root

2. (-4y)2 = (-)2(4)2(y)2 = 16y2

Some important roots

Simplify the following:

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