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Republic of the Philippines

LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

A. Personal Profile (of the target child)

Name: Jenedel R. Rajil

Age: 7 years old

Birthdate: 6/15/15

Address: Brgy. 93 Bagakay CMP, Survivor St. Tacloban City

Name of Father: Juon M. Rajil

Name of Mother: Jennclyn G. Rajil

 Physical Atributes:

 Height: 3 ft (91.44 cm)

 Weight: 20 kg (44.0925 lb.)

 A flattered face especially the bridge of the nose

 almond shaped eyes that slant up

 a short neck

 small ears

 small hands and feet

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

Contents
Cover page
……………………………………………………………………………………. 1
I.
Personal profile
…………………………………………………………………………. 2
II.
Physical attributes
……………………………………………………………………… 2
Introduction
………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5
Child History
………………………………………………………………………………………… 6-7
Case analysis
………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Conclusion
…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9-10
Recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………… 11
References
…………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Documentations
…………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Appendices
I.
Interview Transcript
………………………………………………………………….. 14-22
II.
Inform Consent
…………………………………………………………………………23-24
III.
Transmittal
letter……………………………………………………………………… 25-26

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

I. INTRODUCTION

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the presence of an extra copy of the 21st

chromosome and is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities (Roizen,

2013). In addition to cognitive impairment, the disorder is associated with adaptive

behavior delays and serious medical complications (Perlman, 2014). Due to genetic

causes and medical problems, the needs and pathology of DS are well documented in

the literature and often come from a medical deficit model aimed at solving the problems

associated with DS (Dykens, 2006; Roach, 20 03).

Down syndrome is an easily recognized congenital, autosomal anomaly

characterized by generalized physical and mental deficiencies. It affects between 1

in 600 and 1 in 1000 live births. Down syndrome is named after John Langdon

Down, the British doctor who first described the condition in 1887.

A variety of areas of development have been researched in DS. Each is

important

to understanding and predicting the types of development that occur that may be

unique. None is sufficient alone to describe the acquisition of language functioning in

children with DS. As a result, the outcomes must be considered together for overall

understanding of the unique course of development of children with DS for planning

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assessment and interventions. This section will include a description of the physical,

cognitive, social, and communication development of children with DS.

Down syndrome is a chronic condition that lasts a lifetime. Early intervention

services can typically assist babies and children with Down syndrome improve their

physical and intellectual abilities. Most of these services are geared toward assisting

children with Down syndrome in reaching their full potential. These treatments

include speech, occupational, and physical therapy, and they are normally provided

through each state's early intervention programs. Children with Down syndrome may

require additional assistance or attention in school, while many are integrated in

regular courses.

Individuals with Down syndrome are progressively being integrated into

society and community institutions such as schools, health care systems, labor

forces, and social and recreational activities. Individuals with Down syndrome have

cognitive deficits ranging from extremely minor to severe. Most people with Down

syndrome have mild to moderate cognitive impairments.

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

II. CHILD HISTORY

Jenedel R. Rajil is an eight-year-old girl with Down syndrome. Jenedel’s

down syndrome was inherited by their genes, according to her mother, knowing that

their family has a history of this condition. Jenedel’s mother’s family has a history of

the condition because of her delayed speech and development. Jenedel’s mother

claims that she was in good health during her pregnancy. She was not in any danger

or accident, and she did not take any medication that could harm the baby during her

pregnancy. Jenedel’s birth may have influenced her husband and mother’s healthy

lifestyle. They also went to the doctor to check on Jenedel’s health to ensure that

she is in good health when her mother gives birth.Jenedel had her first speech and

occupational therapy check-up when she was two years old. Every 3 months, she

has a physical and cognitive check-up. Jenedel’s condition improved and she grew

up to be healthy, despite her speech delay. Jenedel had her first speech and

occupational therapy check-up when she was two years old. Every month, she has a

physical and cognitive check-up to improve her physical and cognitive skills and

thankfully its working and you can see such improvement in the child’s wellbeing.

According to her mom in the early days when Jenedel’s condition has been

starting to show some problems, she is unable to speak and can only be heard

shouting to express her words, and her actions cannot be controlled and she doesn’t
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listen to her mom if she’s doing something inappropriate like for example throwing

tantrums, destroying her toys and hitting her mom if she can’t get what she wants.

But since the start of therapy she can now control her emotions, her physical

activities and she’s growing up to be so sweet and smart child. The child is also

sadly a part of bullying due to her condition there is this one time according to her

mom that Jenedel tries to interact with some children in her neighborhood but that

one time has a big impact to Jenedel, she’s been bullied and been called some

names because they don’t know her condition and they make fun of it because of

their ignorance. Jenedel cries when she goes home and that alone breaks her

mother’s heart imagine your child going through something like this is so

heartbreaking seeing your child being treated like that is so sad. Since then her mom

don’t let her go outside to interact with some other kids, Jenedel is now going to

school and thankfully she’s interacting with other students that are special like her.

She’s very smart and she’s also participating in their activities at school. And it’s nice

to know, and we’re hoping that world won’t treat her like that because she’s special

and different from others.

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

III. CASE ANALYSIS

Individuals with Down Syndrome have varying degrees of severity, resulting in

developmental delays. Medically reviewed by Mary Pipan, MD, Down Syndrome is a

genetic condition whereby an individual has a surplus of DNA material. However,

some children are born with extra chromosomes, which causes down syndrome. It is

a hereditary condition. This causes developmental delays and physical and mental

concerns. Typically, children with Down syndrome are diagnosed before or before

birth. Based on the child history her mother mentioned, they have some relatives

who has the same case of this which points out that what happened to the child is

genetic or hereditary.

As we go through Jennedel's case, we can observe that her condition is

hereditary and has a significant impact on her physical growth, features, mild to

severe developmental and cerebral difficulties, and speech delay. However, these

problems can change with the support of her family, by having speech therapy, and

by going to school and learning. We noticed that her physical characteristics and

behavior are like those of other children with Down syndrome. It is difficult to

understand the way she talks, and you need patience if you want to communicate

with her. This child is very sweet to people and is a very active child. In addition, her

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mother mentioned that Jennedel improved a lot of her fine and gross motor skills by

attending the school. She learns a lot there.

Republic of the Philippines

LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

IV. Conclusion

Pregnancy is a powerful feeling for many women. After all, you're creating

another person, and that is an incredible feat of strength on your body's behalf.

Pregnancy can also be exhilarating since you are envisioning a bright future for your

child. But, for all its excitement, pregnancy is often stressful and challenging,

especially for parents parenting a kid with special needs, such as having a child with

Down Syndrome. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by an error in

cell division that results in the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21

(trisomy 21) or additional chromosomal 21 material. Named after John Langdon

Down, the first physician to describe the syndrome systematically, Down syndrome

is the most frequent chromosomal cause of mild to moderate intellectual disability. It

occurs in all ethnic and economic groups. People with the syndrome also are at a

greater risk for many other conditions, such as congenital heart disease, hearing

loss, leukemia, and dementia and memory loss like Alzheimer disease.

Jenedel is a 7 years old child that has been diagnosed of having a condition of

Down Syndrome. Some of the physical traits or attributes that can be noticed in her

because of her condition is her almond-shaped eyes that slant up, her short neck,

her small ears, her small hands and feet, and her flattened face, especially the

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bridge of her nose. These are also the most common physical traits of a person with

down syndrome. Having Down Syndrome also makes her life a lot harder than a

normal child’s. She doesn't have any friends, even in her neighborhood. Some of the

people around her don’t understand her condition. While some other people are

mocking her and bullying her because of her condition. It resulted in her just playing

all by herself inside their house. One of the highest factors that Jenedel has down

syndrome is because of her mother’s age when she gets pregnant. Many factors

contribute to Down Syndrome, but the prevalence is higher in older pregnant women.

There may be a higher chance if a pregnant woman is over age 35. While a pregnant

woman at age of 25 has about a 1 in 1,250 chance of conceiving a child with Down

Syndrome. While at age 40, the incidence becomes approximately 1 in 100.

Therefore, based on our observation. At first, she was shy but later she will

be comfortable in socialize with us. In the cognitive development of the child, when

we try to teach her something, she can easily learn it or catch up on it, in short, she

is fast learner. She can easily remember the things that you will teach her. In her

social situation whenever she sees some people, she will greet them like saying ‘hi’

to them and give them a flying kiss. And she is no longer ashamed to socialize with

other people because she knows how to get along with people and she’s friendly

child. She was very happy when some people are around her and she’s a sweet

child. When she’s trying to talk to us, we cannot really understand what she says

because of her condition and we understand it and we are glad that her mother is

there to interpret to us what she is saying. And it means a lot to us that even for the

shortest period we can quickly build such closeness to her. We made her feel like

she’s a princess that is a special gift of God.

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

V. RECOMMENDATION

This study aims to recommend the future BECED students, the parents of child

with down syndrome can learn and often to learn to take notice of smaller signals

and to give the child more time to react parents can help their child l. Social behavior

by providing their child and by explaining and give your child chores around the

house, play with other kids who do and don’t have down syndrome to keep you

expectations high as your child tries and learns new things. Make time to play, read,

have fun, and go out together and to support your child in doing day to day tasks on

their own.

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 Republic of the Philippines
LE YTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023
References

https://www.mirarehab.com/blog/case-study-of-a-15-year-old-with-down-syndrome/

Longevity of a Woman with Down Syndrome: A Case Study Brian Chicoine and Dennis McGuire
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

13804197_Longevity_of_a_Woman_With_Down_Syndrome_A_Case_Study

https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/researchinfo/activities#

Thriving with Down Syndrome: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Talia G. Thompson

https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2497&context=etd

Case Study: An IPP Team Helps 6-Year-Old with Down Syndrome Improve
Communication Skills
https://www.asha.org/practice/ipe-ipp/case-studies/case-study-11/

The International Conference on Recent Developments in Developmental

Disabilities: Debates and Dilemmas

94
THEMATIC SESSIONS -
PAPER PRESENTATION 56

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Back walking
Improves Gait in
Down Syndrome:
A Case Study
Muhammed Minhaj T* &
Binoy Mathew K V**
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

346530712_Back_walking_Improves_Gait_in_Down_Syndrome_A_Case_Study

Republic of the Philippines

LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

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 Appendix A
Interview Transcript
INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTION (excerpt)
1. Interview with Jenedel’s mother
2. Setting: Jenedel’s house with her parents. It is a small but clear and fresh kind of house.
3. Jenedel is a small, thin girl with a hair that long covered to his forehead.
4. she is a child, happy and welcoming child. She is afraid on us the first time we meet her.
5. We explain to her and to the parents of what we interested in and what our project is all about.
we tell her
6. that we would like to interview them about the case of Jenedel of what is the history that lead to
this.
7. conditon, how they manage the problem and many relevant questions.

Interview 1
INTERVIEW INTERVIEWEE’S COMMENT
1 T: So, this is the continuation to the 1 After my classmates asked, I was the

2 question, Is she’s nonverbal or speech 2 next to ask the mother what the other

3 delay? 3 causes and effects of the child’s case

4 M: Yes 4 were. I was also a little nervous about

5 T: Ah okay speech delay. So she 5 asking because it was my first time

6 insists to have eye contact when 6 experiencing an interview, so I

7 communicating? 7 stuttered sometimes and sometimes I

8 M: Yes, it is better to have eye contact 8 said the same word in the question, so

9 T: Eye contact ahh 9 sometimes I say ahh and hmm words

10 M: It is better to have eye contact 10 so that I can properly ask the mother,

11 T: She has an social impairments for 11 and then sometimes I am not given

12 example just making friends with other 12 the right information, so I express my

13 kids once in a while? question carefully so that I can get the

14 M: Yes, that’s is once in a while. Just right information. Everything I asked

15 stay in the house 13 the mother was answered, but little

16 T: Aww she stays only in the house 14 was said, and there were times when

17 M: Yes, just stay in the house, she’s 15 the answer was not enough, so I

18 not allowed to go outside which will 16 looked for another way to get the right

result to bully her answer so that I could also understand

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 19 T: Ahh hmm. How about the behavior 17 the child’s case. We prepared

20 is she repetitive like a repeat action 18 everything to ask so as not to hurt the

21 and spinning around and she’s saying 19 mother and her child because the

22 some 20 discussion is sensitive, and before we

asked questions for the interview, we

23 words? 21 prepared first.

24 M: Yes there is 22

25 T: Ahh there is and then is she 23

26 aggressive when it comes to the

27 doctor, sometimes for check hmm for

28 a check up?

29 M: She’s okay

30 T: Aw okay. She behaves.

31 M: Yes, except in terms of injection

32 T: Ahh yes normal

33 M: She’s friendly, friendly that’s why

34 she’s easy

Interview 2

INTERVIEW INTERVIEWEE’S COMMENTS

1 RM: In- in her study is she okay in 1 As I ask the mother, she makes eye

2 school? 2 contact with me, and I'm a little

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3 M: In School? 3 embarrassed to ask such a simple

4 RM: Yes 4 question, but the child's mother

5 M: In her school they are the same- 5 nodded and looked at the child

6 RM: Ah okay 6 because she's hugging her mother.

7 M: So, they must need to be the 7 She told me what kinds of children her

8 same- 8 daughter’s classmates were and what

9 RM: same level 9 they were doing in school. In

10 M: Yes (nod) same level 10 continuation of my question, there are

11 RM: I-i she okay in school? 11 times that she didn't understand it, so I

12 M: She is okay there, may ginagawa- 12 explained it to her thoroughly so that

13 RM: She’s participating? 13 she would understand, and she

14 M: Yes (nod) she participates 14 immediately understood it and

15 RM: She’s enjoying there? 15 answered me correctly. In my inquiry

16 M: Yes (nod) she enjoyed 16 to the mother, there are times I'm

17 RM: What- what do you feel when you 17 stuttering because I'm nervous, but

18 found out she has down syndrome? 18 she'll be able to understand it and

19 M: She’s just- 19 answer me with a nod. I couldn't help

20 RM: For you as a parent? 20 but notice Inday beside her as I asked

22 M: She just talks the way she does, 21 the questions because she always

23 and you can't properly communicate 22 gives her mother hugs and kisses. She

24 with her because you can't understand 23 is a sweet child to her mother as well

25 her, and then she always throws 24 as to us. Overall, I did acquire answers

26 tantrums because she wants what she 25 that are accurate to the questions

27 thinks should be granted. 26 because of the mother's answers.

28 RM: In your feelings, do you feel

29 accepting her completely?

30 M: Yes (nod) I already accepted her

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 31 now. But in the past, I did not-

32 RM: Are you feeling sad?

33 M: Yes (nod) I feel sad. But now, I’m

34 okay and already accepted her

35 RM: In terms of caring for her, you’re

36 not struggling?

37 M: Ah I can manage her because not

38 all her wants are always granted. I’m

39 the one-

40 RM: Ah as a parent, that’s right

41 M: That's what the child gets if you

42 always let her. There are times that

43 she is the one to control, like the TV. If

44 she wants cartoons, we won't be able

45 to watch news until the afternoon, but

46 I'm scolding her to give it to me, and

47 she will

48 RM: But she is listening?

M: Yes (nod) but mostly, she always

49 gets what she wants. It is in you if you

50 let the child get what they wanted, and

we should know how to scold them.

Interview 3

INTERVIEW INTERVIEWEE’S COMMENT

1 IA: Are you related or close to the child? 1 In this interview with the aunt of the child,

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 CA: Yes, I am her aunt. 2 we ask her some of her experiences with
2
IA: What did you notice in the child’s 3 the child, on how she approach the child
3
behavior? 4 and how the child approach her, and her
4
CA: At first, she had speech delay, and 5 own perspective towards the child’s
5
was difficult to understand, and she was a 6 condition. We made this interview with the
6
naughty child. 7 aunt of the child to have an in-depth
7

8 IA: What was your reaction or approach 8 understanding towards the condition of the

9 when you found out about the child? 9 child, down syndrome. And, to know how

10 CA: Of course, as an aunt, we were 10 they interact with other people.

11 surprised, although we didn’t think that her 11

12 situation with down syndrome would be 12

13 like this.

14 IA: Do you think she’s the same as other

15 kids?

16 CA: No, he has different attitude, a

17 different way of talking and dealing
18 with her especially if she is being attacked.
19
IA: What did you do to communicate well

with the child?

20 CA: First, you really need to talk to her

21 well, and toys, she comes closer when you

22 bring her food or give her a toy.

23

24

25

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 26

Interview 4

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 INTERVIEW INTERVIEWEE'S COMMENT

1 IT: Are you related or close to the child? 1 In this interview with the uncle of the

2 CU: Uh, yes, she is my niece. 2 child was held through online. This is

3 IT: What did you notice about the child's 3 my first time conducting an online

4 behavior? 4 interview, so I'm a little nervous. But in

5 CU: Uhm, she is bit a different from the 5 order to avoid confusion, I kept me
other
6 6 attention on him during the entire
children because she seems weak and does
7 7 conversation.
not understand when she is being scolded.
8 8 While asking him the five questions,
IT: Yes because she’s also a delay speech
9 9 he answered them quickly, but there
right? -
10 10 was a time when he would look up at
CU: Yes
11 11 the ceiling to think.
IT: It’s because she has a down syndrome.
12 12 Now, every time I am about to ask
CU: And, she is stubborn and only does him
13 13
what she wants. a question, it feels like I don't need to
14 14
IT: What was your reaction or approach ask any follow-up questions because
15 15
when he
16 16
you found out about the child's condition? answered them all. He really gave me
17 17
When you learned what her condition was, excellent responses that would help
18 18
how did you approach her? me understand and have more
19 19
CU: Uhm, we're not forcing her, we're just knowledge about the condition of the
20 20
letting her to do what she wants, and we're child.
21 21
just understanding her. If there something In addition, my question was all
22 else 22
about his experiences and his
23 that she wants, we're just letting her have it, 23
perspective on the condition of his
24 so that she won't cry. We need to
understand niece, who has Down syndrome.
25
her more at least… because of her
26

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27 condition.

28 IT: For the fourth question, do you think

she's
29
the same as other kids?
30
like the other normal kids, from her situation.
31
CU: When she was a baby, but when she
32 got
33 a little older, about 3 years old and up, that's
34 when I realize that she was different
35 from other kids because she was a bit
36 naughty, she was not like the other children
37 who listens immediately when being
38 scolded-

39 IT: Yes (Nod)

CU: But she continues to do so.

40
IT: It's like she doesn't know to pay
41 attention,

42 right? because she has…

43 CU: yes-

44 She seemed to live in her own world

(laughing)
45
Therefore, she is a bit different from other
46
children.
47
IT: Ahh
48
IT: This is for the last question, what did you
49
do to talk to her properly?
50
CU: Uhm, she is unlike other kids being shy
51
and timid when meeting new people or a
52

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53 stranger. Maybe this is because she has a

54 syndrome. She would approach the person-

55 IT: even though she doesn't know them

56 CU: Yes, even though she doesn't know

them
57
yet, she would go and hug them. Then when
58
she sees someone doing an action like
59 taking

a hand of the elderly, in her own volition,

she

would copy it and do the act, she doesn't

need to be told in these kind of matters -

IT: Ahh okay

CU: She is an approachable child, you don't

must please her to talk to her, because

she'd approach you in her own volition.

2Republic of the Philippines

LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

23 | P a g e
 COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023
Appendix B
Informed Consent

I, the undersigned, confirm that (please tick box as appropriate):

1. I have read and understood the information about the project, as provided in
the Information Sheet dated ________________.
2. I have been given the opportunity to ask questions about the project and my
participation.
3. I voluntarily agree to participate in the project.

4. I understand I can withdraw at any time without giving reasons and that I will
not be penalized for withdrawing nor will I be questioned on why I have
withdrawn.
5. The procedures regarding confidentiality have been clearly explained (e.g.,
use of names, pseudonyms, anonymization of data, etc.) to me.
6. If applicable, separate terms of consent for interviews, audio, video, or other
forms of data collection have been explained and provided to me.
7. The use of the data in research, publications, sharing and archiving has been
explained to me.
8. I understand that other researchers will have access to this data only if they
agree to preserve the confidentiality of the data and if they agree to the terms
I have specified in this form.
9. Select only one of the following:
• I would like my name used and understand what I have said or written as
part of this study will be used in reports, publications, and other research
outputs so that anything I have contributed to this project can be recognized.
• I do not want my name used in this project.
10. I, along with the Researcher, agree to sign and date this informed consent
form.

JENEDEL R. RAJIL 11/30/22

Name and Signature of Participant Date

Contact Number: 0987 657 8654

Researcher/s:

KRISTINE JOY C. MISA JUDELYN O. PEPE

JENNY G. NALDA CATHY ROSE SUNGA

JERIE MAE C. MARMOL JONESSA S. SUSAYA

ALYSSA B. PAGAYANAN REYMA JAN E T. SILLEZA

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 TRISIA C. TABOR

JASMIN SINGH RASHIE MAE M. YANGA

Contact Number of Leader: 09158662734

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 Republic of the Philippines
LEYTE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEDGE OF EDUCATION
Tacloban City

S.Y. 2022-2023

Appendix C
Transmittal letter

November 30, 2022

MRS. JENNCLYN G. RAJIL

Parent
Brgy. 93 Bagakay CMP, Survivor St. Tacloban City

Dear Ma’am:
Greetings of peace!
We, the first-year college students enrolled in ECED 101- Child Development at the Leyte Normal
University are conducting a special case study in partial fulfillment of the course and order to generate
a deeper understanding of children with special needs.
This case analysis is intended to identify the events, circumstances, and situations that may
explain the case and help parents provide intervention that may help the child cope with the
condition in the future. This study will also help us future educators to understand this case
deeper and offer practical help to out our own pupils when we become teachers.
In line with this, may we request your permission to conduct interviews, observations and
archival analysis that may shed more light on the case.
We hope that the reasons we cited will merit your time in giving us your support. Rest
assured that the data we will gather will be used solely for research purposes and will be
treated with utmost respect and confidentiality.
Attached herewith are the informed consent form, observation form and interview guide for
your perusal.
Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,

KRISTINE JOY C. MISA JUDELYN O. PEPE

JENNY G. NALDA CATHY ROSE SUNGA

JERIE MAE C. MARMOL JONESSA S. SUSAYA

ALYSSA B. PAGAYANAN REYMA JANE T. SILLEZA

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 TRISIA C. TABOR

JASMIN SINGH RASHIE MAE M. YANGA

Noted:
(SGD) JANET P. ESPADA, PhD
PROFESSOR
Action taken:
Approved __/_____
Disapproved ________

JENNCLYN G. RAJIL
Parent

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