Hypatia (370-415 AD)

There was a woman in Alexandria named Hypatia,

daughter of the Philosopher Theon, who made such
attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all
the philosophies of her own time.

-Socrates Scholasticus

Hypatia, the daughter of prominent Egyptian Mathematician Theon with whom she collaborated on several
famous mathematical works. Since Hypatia was the daughter of an upper-class mathematician and philosopher,
she received the same education as her male peers and it wasn’t long before she proved that she was a more
accomplished mathematician than many, including even her father.

She is considered the first known female math teacher in history and was also known for teaching astronomy
and how to use an astrolabe device to model astronomical events.

In addition to becoming a respected teacher of mathematics (which was unheard of for a woman in Egypt at the
time), she also made several advancements to the field of mathematics, namely her work on conic sections and
developing the concepts of ellipses, parabolas, and ellipses by dividing cones into planes.
 Sophie Germain (1776-1831)
Algebra is but written geometry, and geometry is but figured algebra.

-Sophia Germain

Sophie Germain was born in Paris, France in 1776 and become infatuated with mathematics at a young age. As a teenager,
she spent her time reading every mathematics books available in her library and taught herself Latin so she could study the
works of Issac Newton and Euler.

At the age of 18, she enrolled in the famous math academy École Polytechnique, which was no easy feat for a woman at
that time. To get her professor’s attention, she submitted letters sharing her mathematical work using a fake male
student’s name. After discovering that the work was actually done by Sophie, her professor was extremely impressed and
became her mentor, helping her to establish herself and become respected in the a male-dominated field of mathematics.

Her two greatest mathematical accomplishments include contributing to Fermat’s Last Theorem, paving the way for the
problem to be solved several centuries later and pioneering what is known as elastic theory, which led her to becoming the
first female to be honored by the Paris Academy of Sciences
 Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
The more I study, the more insatiable do I feel my
genius for it to be.

-Ada Lovelace

Ada Lovelace was an English Mathematician who is regarded as the world’s first computer programmer!

In 1836, she wrote the world’s first computer program known as an algorithm for an Analytical Engine to
compute Bernoulli numbers.

In 1852, Lovelace died due to an illness at only 37 years old. However, despite her short life, she made
significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and computer science that can still be seen to this
day. She is still regarded as the first person to understand the potential of a computing machine.

Without the contributions of Ada Lovelace, the modern computer and associated algorithms that we take
for granted may not exist.
 Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850-1891)
It is impossible to be a mathematician without being a
poet in soul.

-Sofia Kovalevskaya

Sofia Kovalevskaya is yet another incredible and inspiring female mathematician who overcame the gender
biases of her time to make significant contributions to the field of mathematics.

After demonstrating her ability to perform advanced mathematics at a young age, Sofia began attending classes
at the University of Heidelberg only after receiving special permission since she was not a boy.

Sofia would struggle for most of her adult life to gain the same privileges to study and teach mathematics as her
male counterparts did. Despite this struggle, she would become a highly-regarded math professor and was the
first woman to receive a doctorate in mathematics and the first woman in Europe to become a full-time professor.

Her greatest contribution to the field of mathematics was in her studies of differential equations and elliptic
integrals, namely in relation to understanding the workings of Saturn and its rings.
 Emmy Noether (1882-1935)
My methods are really methods of working and thinking;
this is why they have crept in everywhere anonymously.

-Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether was born in Germany and is arguably the most influential women mathematician in history.

After initially being reluctant to study mathematics at a young age, she eventually joined her father and brother, who were both mathematicians
as well, and enrolled in a doctoral program at the University of Erlangen in Germany.

Noether is best known for discovering Noether’s Theorem, which links mathematics and physics in an extremely important way. The theorem,
which is named after her, relates the laws of nature and conservation to mathematical symmetry and how we understand the universe.

Noether’s Theorem: States that every differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law.

At the time, her theory was truly groundbreaking and influenced in how mathematicians and scientists thought about and understood the
workings of our universe.

In addition to Noether’s Theorem, she made major contributions to the fields of theoretical physics and abstract algebra.

In fact, Albert Einstein dubbed her as “the most significant mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began.”
 Dorothy Vaughn (1910-2008)
I changed what I could, and what I couldn’t, I endured.

-Dorothy Vaughn

Dorothy Vaughn is known for being a respected high school math teacher turned “human supercomputer” for
NASA.

Vaughn worked on a racially segregated team of computer programmers assigned with using supercomputers
to perform computations associated with NASA space launches, including sending astronaut John Glenn into
orbit in 1962.
She is a main character in the hit film Hidden Figures and was the first African
American female supervisor at NASA. She went on to play a key role in
NASA’s use of supercomputers to assist in aeronautical projects and space
launches.
 Katherine Johnson (1918-2020)
Girls are capable of doing everything men are capable of doing.
Sometimes they have more imagination than men.

-Katherine Johnson

Johnson was another main character in the critically-acclaimed film Hidden Figures. She made major
contributions in the fields of orbital and aeronautics mechanics, which were criticl to the successful
launch of Astronaut John Glenn into orbit by the United States in 1962.

Katherine Johnson spent 35 years working for NASA and developed a reputation for being a master at
performing difficult and complex calculations. She went on to help pioneer the use of computer science
and programming to do complex math calculations for NASA.

In 2015, President Barack Obama awarded Johnson the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
 Julia Robinson (1919-1985)
I like to think of mathematicians as forming a nation or our own
without distinctions of geographical origin, race, creed, sex, age,
or even time…all dedicated to the most beautiful of the arts and
sciences.

-Julia Robinson

Robinson, an American mathematician, started off as a young math prodigy by completing grades 5
through 8 in one single year after missing two full years of school due to a serious illness.

After spending decades working on Hilbert’s tenth problem, which was widely considered unsolvable by
the mathematics community, she and a small team found a solution in 1980—a groundbreaking
achievement!

She also made significant contributions to the fields of game theory and computability theory.
 Valerie Thomas (1943-Present)
Figuring out what you want comes from failing, and then trying again. It
comes from questioning everything, falling in love, fighting the power,
living without limits. It doesn't come from getting straight A’s, playing by
the rules, and listening obediently.

-Valerie Thomas

Valerie Thomas is a distinguished scientist and is best known for inventing the llusion Transmitter—a 3-Dimensional
Imaging Technology that was the first of its kind when it debuted in 1980. In fact, this technology is the basis for modern
3D imaging tech that we see in modern televisions, video games, and movies!

Additionally, Valerie Thomas works as a developer and engineer for NASA from 1964 to 1995. During her career at NASA,
she managed a team that facilitated the reception of the first satellite images to be received from outer space.

At the time of this writing, Johnson holds a role at the Science Mathematics Aerospace Research and Technology and
National Technical Association as a youth mentor and encourages young people of all genders and backgrounds to
pursue science and mathematics
 Maryam Mirzakhani (1977-2017)
The beauty of mathematics only shows itself to more
patient followers.

-Maryam Mirzakhani
Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and math professor at Stanford University. In high
school, Mirzakhani and her best friend became the first Iranian women to qualify for the Mathematical
Olympiad.

She made significant contributions to researching math topics including theoretical mathematics,
hyperbolic geometry, and ergodic theory.

Her work eventually led her to become the first Iranian woman to win the Fields Medal in 2014, which
is the most prestigious mathematics award one can receive.

Sadly, Mirzakhani died of cancer complications in 2017 at the age of 40.

 Mae Carol Jemison (1956-Present)
Never limit yourself because of others' limited imagination; never
limit others because of your own limited imagination.

-Mae Carol Jemison

Mae Carol Jemison is an incredibly talented and inspirational figure. As a decorated engineer, physician,
mathematician, and NASA astronaut, she is best known for becoming the first African American woman to go to
outer space, which happened when she was a member of the Endeavour Space Shuttle that launched into orbit in
1992.

Before becoming an astronaut, Jemison served in the Peace Corps as a general practice physician.

Today, she serves on the council for the Science Matters initiative, with the goal of encouraging children to pursue
STEM careers at a young age.