European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 286 (2023) 151–151

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and

Reproductive Biology
journal homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/european-journal-of-obstetrics-and-gynecology-and-
reproductive-biology

Using artificial intelligence chatbots like ‘ChatGPT’ to draft articles for medical journals –
Advantages, limitations, ethical concerns and way forward

Dear Editor
Recently, many artificial intelligence (AI) language models have
been developed and released for routine use. Among those, ChatGPT has
especially garnered attention for its meticulous and detailed responses
and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge [1]. ChatGPT
stands for ‘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer’ is a chatbot which
has the ability to generate human-like text, including medical content in
response to specific questions. Medical authors have started using these
AI Chatbots for generating content while drafting their manuscripts [2].
The use of AI-generated content in medical journals raises serious ethical
questions related to publication ethics.
AI-models derive its content from various sources available in the
internet which may not have been peer-reviewed or validated by med­
ical experts, and therefore may not meet the standards of scientific
integrity required for publication. Another ethical consideration is the
potential for bias in AI-generated content. ChatGPT relies on algorithms
and machine learning to generate text, which means that it is only as
unbiased as the data it was trained on. If the data used to train ChatGPT
was biased or incomplete, it may produce biased or incomplete medical
content [2,3].
Medical journals may require authors to disclose any conflicts of
interest or funding sources that may have influenced their research.
Similarly, authors have to obtain informed consent from study partici­
pants before publishing their data. It is unclear how ChatGPT-generated
content would fit into these existing ethical frameworks, and medical
journals will need to carefully consider how to handle these issues.
The use of AI-generated content raises important questions about
authorship and credit. If an AI language model like ChatGPT is used to
generate a medical article, who should be listed as the author? Should
the person who programmed ChatGPT be credited, or should the journal
simply list ChatGPT as the author? [2,3] These questions will need to be
addressed and there is also an urgent need for regulating publishing of
AI generated content in medical journals with new comprehensive
guidelines in place. It should also be made mandatory for authors to self-
declare if any AI generated content was used in their manuscript.
In conclusion, while ChatGPT like AI Chatbots have the ability to
generate medical content for articles, its use in medical journals raises
important ethical considerations. Medical journals have the re­
sponsibility to ensure accuracy, validity, and ethical integrity of the
content they publish, and the use of AI-generated content may require
new guidelines and standards to address these concerns.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
References
[1] Sharma P. Chatbots in Medical Research: Advantages and Limitations of Artificial
Intelligence–Enabled Writing With a Focus on ChatGPT as an Author. Clin Nucl Med
2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000004665. Publish Ahead of Print.
[2] Offiah AC, Khanna G. ChatGPT: an editor’s perspective. Pediatr Radiol 2023;53(5):
816–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-023-05668-9. Epub ahead of print.
[3] Sallam M. ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Sys­
tematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare
(Basel) 2023;11(6):887. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060887.
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babua,*, Vijayan Sharmilab
a
Dept of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
b
Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
*
Corresponding author: Additional Professor & Head, Dept of
Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
E-mail address: babuarun@yahoo.com (T. Arun Babu).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.05.008
Received 23 April 2023; Accepted 10 May 2023
Available online 16 May 2023
0301-2115/© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.