1.

Genetics :

1. Stages of Mitosis : Prophase, Prometaphase,

Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

2. Types of Genes : Dominant and Recessive genes,

Carrier genes, Co-dominant gene, Sex-linked
genes, Sex-limited genes,Structural genes and
Regulatory genes.

3. Structure of chromosome : One Chromosome —

Two Chromatid.

4. Types of Chromosomes : Metacentric, Sub-

Metacentric and Acrocentric.

5. Barr Body(Sex chromatin) : This is an inactivated

X chromosome attached with the nuclear
membrane.

6. Karyotyping : Identification of chromosomes.

7. Down Syndrome : Also called Trisomy 21,

because there is trisomy of chromosome number
21.

8. Cri du chat Syndrome : Deletion of a part of ‘p’

arm in chromosome number 5.

9. Turner’s Syndrome : The genotype is 45X.

10. Klinefelter’s Syndrome : The genotype is 47

XXY.

11. Pedigree chart : To map chromosomal disorders

of a particular family.

12. Prenatal Diagnosis : This is the diagnosis of any

genetic abnormalities before the birth. This can be
done by various procedures like USG.

2. Skeletal System :

This mainly includes the bones and cartilages. The

whole framework of the body if formed by the skeletal
system.

1. Classification of Bones : Long bones, Short

bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones, Pneumatic
bones, Sesamoid bones and Accessory bones.

2. Gross Structure of an fully developed long

bone : Shaft(Periosteum, Cortex and the
Medullary cavity) and the two ends.

3. Parts of a developing bone : Epiphysis,

Diaphysis, Metaphysis and the Epiphyseal plate of
cartilage.

4. Blood Supply of the Bone : Arterial Supply of

Lone bones(Nutrient artery, Periosteal arteries,
epiphyseal arteries, Metaphysial arteries) and
Venous drainage.

5. Cartilage : Types(Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartlage,

Elastic cartilage)

3. Joints :

These are the junctions between two or more bones.

1. Structural Classification : Fibrous Joint,

Cartilaginous joint and Synovial joint

4. Circulator System :

1. Components of the Circulatory System are : Heart,

Arteries, veins and Capillaries.

2. Types of Circulation of blood : systemic circulation,

Pulmonary circulation, portal circulation.

Arteries Veins

1. Carry oxygenated 1. Carry deoxygenated

blood(except pulmonary blood(except pulmonary
artery) from the heart. vein) to the heart.

2. Normally bright red in 2. Normally dark red in

color. color.

3. Walls are elastic and

3. Thin walls or less
thick that expand with
elastic.
surge of blood.

4. No valves are present 4. Valves are present.

5. Pulse can be felt. 5. Pulse cannot be felt.

5. Lymphatic System :

Immunity providing lymphatic system has mainly 6

components :

1. Lymph capillaries and lymph vessles

2. Central lymphoid tissues

3. Peripheralymphoid organs

4. Circulating lymphocytes

5. Epithelio-Lymphoid system

6. Mononuclear phagocyte system

6. Muscles and Fascia :

1. Types of Muscles : Striated/Skeletal, Non-

Striated/Smooth and Cardiac Muscles.

2. Parts of Muscle : Two ends(Origin & Insertion),

Two parts ( Fleshy part, Fibrous parts).

3. Nerve supply of Skeletal muscle : Motor nerve

fibres(60%), Sensory fibres(40%)

4. Nerve supply of smooth muscle : Single-unit

types and Multi-unit type.

1. Fascia are of two types : Superficial and Deep

fascia.

2. Superficial fascia : This ones are the general

covering of the body beneath the skin, made up of
loose areolar tissue with varying amount of fat.

3. Deep fascia : These are tough inelastic fibrous

sheet which invades the body beneath the
superficial fascia.

7. Nervous System :

Parts of the nervous system :

1. Central nervous system : Brain, Spinal cord

2. Peripheral nervous system : Cerebrospinal

nervous system and Peripheral autonomic nervous
system.

Cell types of the nervous system : Neuron and

Neuroglia

8. Skin :

This is the general covering of the entire covering of

the body.

1. Pigments of Skin : Melanin, Melanoid, Carotene,

Haemoglobin and Oxyhaemoglobin.

2. Structure of the Skin : Epidermis, Dermis.

3. Appendages of skin : Nails, Hair, Sweat glands,

Sebaceous glands.

9. Connective tissue :

Classification :

1. Loose connective tissue – Areolar tissue,

adipose tissue, myxomatous tissue and reticular
tissue.

2. Dense Irregular connective tissue – tendon,

Cartilage and bones.

10. Ligaments and Raphe :

Ligaments : these are fibrous bands connect the

adjacent bones.

Raphe : These are linear fibrous band formed by

interdigitation of the tendinous or aponeurotic ends
of the muscles, like the two lateral half of the
tongue.