LESSON 1

Globalization
Globalization as a complex phenomenon. When we say a complex
phenomenon we say it occurs in a multi-level.

For example the vaccinations roll out.

As we see it the stats given 49% of the population in the United States have already been
vaccinated compared to the 4.4% in the Philippines. It shows that the globalization is a
multi-level because countries with the resources and the capacity to provide or produce its
own vaccine would be the front-runner in terms of herd immunization compared to a
developing country who is very much dependent to the vaccines from the developed nations
who are actually the producers of these vaccines.

The more developed the country the higher the level of globalization are they experiencing
compared to the underdeveloped or developing country.

Globalization as an uneven process, it affects people differently

Example:

Younger people are more knowledgeable to technologies and gadgets compared to the older
ones.

A Kpop fanatic is more knowledgeable about Korea than a frequent traveler.

Globalization as Economic process

 Most of the accounts views globalization in this manner.

 Integration Markets
 Wider global markets (free trade)- we can trace it in our history from the first trading
system to our current online shops.

Anti- globalization movement

 Activist movement in the 1990s

 Resist trade deals among countries
Examples:
1. January 1, 1994 Zapatista Uprising (Southern Mexico) – the coincides
with the implementation of the Nafta agreement that requires mexico to
phase out subsidies on main cash crops grown in Siapa's corn, sugar and
coffee. They felt that this gives and this agreement, it gives the farmer in a
vulnerable situation.
2. 1995 Revolt Against Globalization (France) –it is a strike due to the
French government’s announcement that the rail workers pension would be
cut and a restructuring of rail services to accommodate the closing of six
thousand kilometers line would threaten their jobs
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3. 1999 Battle in Seattle (USA)- is a series of marches directing actions and
protests carried out from November 28 – December 3 1999 that disrupted the
world trade organization ministerial conference in Seattle

Globalization is a multidisciplinary

We cannot just coin the meaning of globalization in economics’ discipline. It is multi-

disciplinary because it can actually be related to politics, religion, media, education and
communication. Academics call this an interdisciplinary approach that is now being used in
the general education course

The best scholarly definition of globalization is actually given by MANFRED

STEGER

“Globalization is the expansion and intensification of social relations and

consciousness across world-time and world space”

Global expansion

 Creation of new social networks

 The multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political,
economic, cultural and geographic boundaries.

Examples: The traditional banking

Global intensification

 Expansion, stretching and acceleration of networks.

 Not just by multiplying global connections but by making it more closely knit
and expanding their reach

Examples: Mobile banking fund transfer or usage of internet to provide banking

transactions. The development is the intensification of the traditional banking
system.

Globalization (time and space)

 People begin to feel the world becomes smaller.

 The world is within our reach using our mobile phones.

Globalism

 A WIDESPREAD BELIEF OF POWERFUL PEOPLE THAT THE GLOBAL INTEGRATION OF MARKETS IS BENEFICIAL
FOR EVERYONE , SINCE IT SPREAD FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY AROUND THE WORLD .
 STEGER POSITS THAT HIS DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION MUST BE DIFFERENTIATED WITH THE IDEOLOGY HE
CALLED GLOBALISM .
LESSON 1
GLOBALIZATION FROM THE GROUND UP

F OR ANTHROPOLOGIST A RJUN A PPADURAI THERE ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLOBALIZATION OCCURS IN

MULTIPLE AND INTERSECTING DIMENSIONS OF INTEGRATION HE CALLS " SCAPES ".

Scapes

 Ethnoscapes- Global movement of people

 Technoscapes- Circulation of mechanical goods and software
 Mediascapes- Flow of culture
 Financescapes- Global circulation of money
 Ideoscaes- Realm where political ideas move around