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 ISLAM IN 10 MINUTES
1. Intro
Islam, which began in the early 7th century, is one of the world’s major monotheistic
religions. Islam comes from the word “al-silm” and “istaslama” which means peace and
surrender.
2. Demographics & Geography
2.1. Demographics
Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second-largest religious group. (*) Islam has 1.98
billion adherents, making up about 24.9% of the world population (2)
2.2. Geography
The Muslim majority live in northern and central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia
which Muslims make up 50% or more of the population. (3)
3. Five pillars
3.1. Profession of Faith (shahada)
Every Muslim is supposed to believe that there is only one God and His messenger was
Prophet Muhammad. The Quran is the holy book of the religion, and every follower must recite
its phrases with conviction.
3.2. Prayer (salat)
It is the ritual of praying to Allah five times a day facing Mecca after dark, at noon, at sunset,
mid-afternoon, and at dawn with reciting the opening chapter of the Quran.
3.3. Alms (zakat)
Muslims, who are wealthy or financially stable, donate to community members and
organizations to build mosques, schools, hospitals, and other institutions that can help the needy
in any way.
3.4. Fasting (sawm)
The month of Ramadan is the time Muslims must forget drinks and food during the daylight.
It helps the followers to share the thirst and hunger of the lesser fortunate and makes them
realize to help.
3.5. Pilgrimage (hajj)
If a Muslim has sound health and enough bank balance, Hajj is mandatory for that person.
During the journey of Hajj, people overcome their class and race biases to worship Him. It
requires controlling the temper and moving forward with devotion and love for Him.
4. Basic beliefs
4.1. Belief in Allah as the one and only God.
The main message of Islam is monotheism. the belief in the existence of only one deity (God).
Muslims believe that there is only one God who created the universe and everything within it -
Allah. God has no offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the characteristics
of human life.
4.2. Belief in angels.
Muslims believe in angels, unseen beings who worship God and carry out God’s orders
throughout the universe. We have also been told about specific angels and their tasks 10. For
example, the angel Gabriel is responsible for transmitting the revelations from God to the
Prophets and Messengers.
4.3. Belief in the holy books.
Muslims believe that God revealed holy books or scriptures to a number of God’s messengers.
These include the Quran (given to Muhammad). only the Quran remains as it was first revealed
to the prophet.
4.4. Belief in the Prophets... e.g. Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Dawud
(David), and Isa (Jesus). ...
Muslims believe that God’s guidance has been revealed to humankind through specially
appointed messengers, or prophets. Adam is considered the first prophet. Twenty-five of these
prophets are mentioned by name in the Quran. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last in
this line of prophets, sent for all humankind with the message of Islam.
4.5. Belief in the Day of Judgement
Muslims believe that God will hold every human being accountable for each of their actions.
On the Day of Judgment, humans will be judged for their actions in this life.
4.6. Belief in Predestination...
Muslims believe that God is all knowing. He knows what actions we will take before we take
them. However, God does not control us. Humans were given free will and they have full control
over their actions. But everything occurs because God has allowed it to happen.
5. Holy Quran
The Holy Quran is the Holy Book or the Scripture of the Muslims. To Muslims, the Quran is
the Word of God and contains complete guidance for mankind. Much of the Quran is about God,
His attributes, and man's relationship with Him.
6. Other facts
6.1. Women
6.1.1. General Knowledge about Islamic women
Islam sees women as a source of pride and nobility, as hidden and well-kept pearls. When
women reach the age of motherhood, women can produce half of the human resources for
society, and women themselves take the role of the other half of human resources. Hence, women
are intact and perfect human resources for the community.
Besides, the relationship between men and women in Islam is one of mutual integration and
completeness, not conflict and contradiction, each side will complement the other, and one
complements the other's deficiency. and vice versa, in building the Muslim community.
There are several surprising facts about women in Islam that you may not know.
6.1.2. Financial Responsibilities
In Islam, women are not obligated to earn or spend any money on housing, food, or general
expenses. If a woman is married, her husband must fully support her financially and if she’s not
married, that responsibility belongs to her closest male relative such as her father, uncle,…
She also has the right to work and spend the money she earns as she wishes. She has no
obligation to share her money with her husband or any other family members.
So since men are responsible for the financial support of their family they also inherit twice
of what a woman would inherit because of their responsibility to their wives and to their family
so in the rhythm of Islam they do try to keep everything fair between the man and the woman.
6.1.3. Culture
Islam and women is a pretty topical issue. So how does Islam address women and what is
the deal with the veil?
First of all let’s explain the different veils. There are four types of veils hijab, niquab, cahdor,
burqa. The Hijab is by far the most popular veil you’ll see. The Burqa and Niqab are only found
in deeply conservative communities or Afghanistan. And the chador is mostly found in Iran.
But why do some Muslim women wear these veils? One culture, the veil, is part of many
people's cultural identity. Another reason is that Islam preaches modesty. Men and Women are
instructed to wear loose fitting clothing that should cover most of the body. The only reference
to women covering their faces is about Muhammad's wives. Most Muslims consider it to only
apply to Muhammad's wives.
6.2. Muslim business
6.2.1. The law of companies in Islam
Company (ash-sharika) means mixing two or more shares together such that neither can be
distinguished from the other. Company in Sharia is a contract between two or more persons, in
which they agree to perform financial work with the intention of making profit.there are five
types of company in Islam.
a. The Company of Equal (Al-‘Inan)
This is two bodies (abdan) associated with their properties. Namely, two persons associate
with their properties and share the work dividing the profit between them. It is called a company
of ‘Inan because they are equal in their right of disposal where ‘inan means equal.
b. The Company of Bodies (Al-Abdan)
This is a company in which two or more persons participate by their bodies only, without
their capital. They share the disposal of each partner would be on behalf of the company, and
every one of them is bound by the work accepted by his partner.
c. The Company of Body and Capital (Mudharaba)
This is called loaning (qiradh), and it is the partnership of a body with property. It means that
one pays his property to another person for him to trade with
d. The Company of Reputation Faces (Wujooh)
This company is an association of two bodies with the property of a third, namely a person
gives his property to two persons or more as a contract. When two or more persons associate in
what they buy using the trust of merchants in them, and the reputation that is based on this trust,
without having property.
e. Company of Negotiation (Mufawadha)
This is where two partners share in all the types of companies mentioned before. The profit
is according to their agreement.
6.2.2. Advantages of Muslim business ethics
a. Sell lawful items
A business should trade only that which is lawful. Items such as alcohol, tobacco, pork,
pornographic material and services, and interest-based debts should not be traded. The data
exhibiting the harms of each to oneself, the society, the economy, and taxpayers’ is easily
accessible.
b. Honesty
Islam has strong guidance on being honest and upholding integrity in all walks of life.
However, there is an extra emphasis on upholding honesty and integrity in business as the stakes
are higher.
Due to the information asymmetry between the vendor and buyer, trust plays a big role. The
Prophet, peace, and blessings are upon him, said, “The honest and trustworthy merchant will be
with the prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs.” [Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi]
c. Good treatment of staff
A fundamental rule of Islamic business is good treatment and timely payments to employees.
The Prophet (peace be upon him said) said: “Give the worker his wage before his sweat dries.” [Ibn
Majah] In another statement, the Prophet said: “Whoever employs someone to work for him, he
must specify for him his wage in advance.” [Musannaf ‘Abdur-Razzaq]
d. No deception or fraud
Deception and fraudulent behavior are completely prohibited. This principle ensures that we
not only be honorable in our transactions, but we value and respect the people we trade with
too.
e. Charity
The Prophet advised traders and businesses to give to charity. Charity in this sense does not
only mean monetary payments to the needy and poor, but charity is also committing to climate
change, trying to minimize waste, and adopting a zero-waste economic model.
6.2.3. Disadvantages of Muslim business ethics
Area of business operation is limited because some of the ideas might contradict with the
Islamic teaching and thoughts especially in the entertainment industry, for example music,
fashion, movies, casinos, etc.
Entertainment businesses are prohibited which obviously left Muslim countries behind.
Some of the Muslim countries are still holding on to the traditional Islamic belief that
forbids women from working. In some Islamic countries, women are often illiterate and have
no rights in essential, critical life decisions, such as those involving child-rearing, marriage or
education.
Terror attacks are common in the country that brings a negative impact on the national
economy of Muslim countries.
People misinterpret Islam as a religion of violence and hatred thus creating a lot of barriers
in terms of business, travel and day to day life.
6.2.4. What to concern when working with Muslim business
Muslims are obliged to pray five times a day. Not all Muslims go to the mosque. Some pray at
home or in the office. Daily routines, appointments and meetings must be fitted in appropriately
around prayer times. Friday is the day for congregational prayers and it is obligatory for all males
to attend.
Avoid trying to do business in the Middle East during the month of Ramadan. Muslims fast
from dawn till dusk which involves refraining from eating, drinking or smoking. During business
hours general activity is reduced depending on the nature of the company or organisation.
There are two major festivals of note. Eid al-Fitr follows Ramadan and Eid al-Adha follows
the annual pilgrimage. It is best to avoid doing business on or near the two Eids.
The traditional Islamic greeting you will hear is 'Asalamu alaykum' (peace be with you). As a
non-Muslim, you would not be expected to use it, but if you did you would receive the reply 'wa
alaykum salam' (and peace be with you).
 When doing business in the Middle East, handshakes are always used and can last a long time.
Islamic etiquette recommends that one waits for the other to withdraw their hand first before
doing the same. Always use the right hand. Do not be surprised if your hand is held while you
are led somewhere.
But if you are introduced to a woman as a male, it is advisable to wait and see if a hand is
extended. If it is not, then do not try to shake hands. Avoid touching and prolonged eye contact
with women.
Business is almost always personal, so be prepared to engage in plenty of small talk and to
accept invitations to social events.
Be prepared to be patient as meetings can be circular in motion and may not follow an
agenda.
6.2.5. Case-study
a. Context
Eurofragance is a Spanish enterprise specializing in the design and production of perfumes,
food flavorings, and personal hygiene substances. In 2009, the company intends to enter the
Muslim market in Indonesia and Malaysia.
b. Challenge
Must be Halal certified. Muslims only eat food with this certification.
Wanting a prestigious certification is both difficult because of the high standards and tiring
because of the long process.
c. Decision and results: Initial cost, long-term benefit
In 2009, the company started eyeing the Muslim market thanks to signs of rapid growth.
That time, Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions in the world. The living standard in
Muslim countries is increasing day by day, Muslims in Europe are a minority but tend to increase
sharply.
All are great conditions for the Halal food market here to explode.
To be allowed to do business in Muslim countries, the company's food flavoring must be
recognized as Halal ingredients.
d. Challenge: "Genuine" or "instant food"?
Indonesia and Malaysia have stricter regulations than the "no alcohol, no pork" Muslim
countries in North Africa or the Middle East. In addition, there is not yet a universal, independent
certification for the so-called "Halal", the criteria for certification vary from place to place.
The Halal Standard does not specify which ingredients or chemicals are allowed, which
fragrances are allowed, and the Quran and Islamic law only list substances that are prohibited.
Processes at accredited and nonprofit agencies are complex and demanding, slowing down
production cycles and driving up business costs. A purely commercial certification body is less
demanding.
 Operators have to make the final choice: simple procedures, quick to increase sales or strict,
long-term standards but a "genuine" certificate.
e. Decide: Haste makes waste
Eurofragrance chooses quality over speed and gets acquainted with the Halal Food and Drug
Administration (HFFIA).
Eurofragrance will have a springboard into a substantial market, but it will be more
expensive and complex than expected. And indeed, the process of approving Halal certification
for the company is slow as a turtle.
As of May 2011, not a single raw material has been further certified since it was put into
production in 2010.
f. Results
Despite the lengthy process, Eurofragrance persisted and as soon as the certification was
issued, the company was in a strong position to get out of North Africa and into Muslim countries.
Now the company is present in more than 60 markets, with the Middle East and Asia
accounting for 60% of sales.
g. Lesson
The success of Eurofragrance shows that quality will be the factor that helps businesses reap
success when entering a new market, even if it costs high in the short term.