Situation 1: In its natural condition, a soil sample has a mass of 2290 g and a volume of 1:15 x10^-3 m3.

After being thoroughly dried in an oven the mass of the model is 2030 g. The value of Gs for the soil is
2.48. Determine the bulk density, unit weight, water content, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, and
air content. Find the following:
1) Bulk density.
2) Unit Weight
3) Water content
4) Void ratio
5) Porosity
6) Degree of saturation
7) Air Content

Situation 2: A soil having a void ratio of 0.60 and a value of Gs of 2.72.

8) Calculate the dry unit weight
9) Calculate the saturated unit weight
10) Calculate the buoyant unit weight of the soil
11-12) Calculate the unit weight and water content at a degree of saturation of 75%.

Situation 3: A soil specimen is 48 mm in diameter and 76 mm long and in its natural condition weighs 168.0
g. When dried completely in an oven the specimen weighs 130.5 g. The value of Gs is 2.70.
13) Find the Volume of the specimen in mm3
14) Determine the bulk density of the soil specimen
15) Get the water content.
16) Find the void ratio.
17) Determine the degree of saturation of the soil specimen.

Situation 4: Soil has been compacted in an embankment at a bulk density of 2.15 Mg/m3 and a water
content of 11%. The value of Gs is 2.60.
18) Calculate the dry density.
19) Find the void ratio.
20) Determine the degree of saturation.
21) Find the air content of the soil.
22) Would it be possible to compact the above soil at a water content of 13.5% to a dry density of 2.00
Mg/m3?

Situation 5: The in-situ dry density of sand is 1.70 Mg/m3. The maximum and minimum dry densities,
determined by standard laboratory tests, are 1.91 and 1.54 Mg/m3, respectively.
23) Determine the density index of the sand.

Situation 6: In a falling-head permeability test the initial head of 2.00 m dropped to 0.35 m in 3 h, the
diameter of the standpipe being 5 mm. The soil specimen was 200 mm long by 100 mm in diameter.
24) Calculate the coefficient of permeability of the soil.

Situation 7: A river is 5 m deep. The river bed consists of a depth of sand of saturated unit weight 20
kN/m3.
25) Buoyant Unit weight
26) Effective Vertical Stress
27) Total Vertical Stress
28) Pore Water Pressure
29) What is the effective vertical stress 5 m below the top of the sand?

Situation 8: The North Sea is 300 m deep. The sea bed consists of a depth of sand of saturated unit weight
20 kN/m3.
30) Buoyant Unit weight
31) Effective Vertical Stress
32) Total Vertical Stress
33) Pore Water Pressure
34) What is the effective vertical stress 5 m below the top of the sand?

Situation 9: In a deposit of fine sand, the water table is 4.5 m below the surface but sand to a height of 1.0
m above the water table is saturated by capillary water; above this height, the sand may be assumed to be
dry. The saturated and dry unit weights, respectively, are 20 and 16 kN/m3.
35) Buoyant Unit weight
36) Calculate the effective vertical stress in the sand 8 m below the surface.

Situation 10: An element of soil with sides horizontal and vertical measures 1 m in each direction. Water is
seeping through the element in a direction inclined upwards at 30 above the horizontal under a hydraulic
gradient of 0.45. The saturated unit weight of the soil is 21 kN/m3.
37) Draw a force diagram to scale
38) Total weight
39) Effective weight
40) Resultant boundary water force
41) Seepage force
42) Magnitude of Resulting Body Force
43) Direction of Resulting Body Force

Situation 11: For the seepage situations shown in Figure: The saturated unit weight of the soil is 20 kN/m3.

44) Calculate the effective normal stress

45) Considering water pressure compute the effective stress.
46) Considering seepage pressure compute the effective stress.
Situation 11: The section through a long cofferdam is shown in the figure below, the saturated unit weight of
the soil being 25 kN/m3.

47) Determine the loss in the total head between adjacent equipotentials
48) Exit hydraulic gradient
49) The critical hydraulic gradient
50) The factor of safety against ‘boiling’
51) Total head at C
52) Elevation head at C
53) Pore water pressure at C
54) Effective vertical stress at C
55) Total head at D
52) Elevation head at D
53) Pore water pressure at D
54) Effective vertical stress at D

Situation 12: The backfill behind a retaining wall, located above the water table, consists of sand of unit
weight 17 kN/m3. The height of the wall is 6 m and the surface of the backfill is horizontal. Determine the
total active thrust on the wall according to the Rankine theory if c’=0 and Ø’= 37. If the wall is prevented
from yielding, what is the approximate value of the thrust on the wall?
55) the active pressure coefficient
56) The total active thrust
57) If the wall is prevented from yielding, the at-rest condition applies. The approximate
value of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest is?
58) What is the approximate value of the thrust on the wall?

Situation 13: A line of sheet piling is driven 5 m into a firm clay and retains, on one side, a 3 m depth of fill
on top of the clay. The water table level is at the surface of the clay. The unit weight of the fill is 18 kN/m3
and the saturated unit weight of the clay is 25 kN/m3.
Calculate the active and passive pressures at the lower end of the sheet piling: If cu = 50 kN/m2, cw = 25
kN/m2, and Øu = 0
59) What is the value of Ka?
60) What is the value of Kp?
61) What is the value of Kac?
62) What is the value of Kap?
At the lower end of the piling:
63) What is the value of Pa?
64) What is the value of Pp?
If c’= 10 kN/m2, Cw= 5 kN/m2, Ø’= 26 deg, δ = 13 deg
65) What is the value of Ka?
66) What is the value of Kp?
67) What is the value of Kac?
68) What is the value of Kpc?
69) What is the value of Pa?
70) What is the value of Pp?

Situation 14: A footing 2:25 x 2:25 m is located at a depth of 2.5 m in the sand, the shear strength
parameters to be used in the design being c’= 0 and Ø’= 38. The unit weight of the sand above the water
table is 18 kN/m3; the saturated unit weight is 25 kN/m3
71) Find the square footing of the ultimate bearing capacity
72) When the water table is at the surface, what is the ultimate bearing capacity?

Situation 15: The base of a long retaining wall is 4 m wide and is 2 m below the ground surface in front of
the wall: The water table is well below base level. The vertical and horizontal components of the base
reaction are 282 and 102 kN/m, respectively. The eccentricity of the base reaction is 0.36 m. Appropriate
shear strength parameters for the foundation soil are c’= 0 and Ø’=35 deg, and the unit weight of the soil is
18 kN/m3.
73) Effective width
74) What is the value of iq?
75) What is the value of iϒ?
76) What is the value of qf?
77) What is the value of qnf?
78) What is the net base pressure (qn)?
79) What is the value of the factor of safety?

Situation 16: A load of 430 kN/m is carried on a strip footing 2 m wide at a depth of 1 m in a stiff clay of
saturated unit weight 21 kN/m3, the water table being at ground level. Determine the factor of safety with
respect to shear failure (a) when cu= 105 kN/m2 and Øu= 0 and (b) when c’= 10 kN/m2 and Ø’= 28 deg.
For Øu= 0
80) What is the value of Nc?
81) What is the value of Nq?
82) What is the value of Nϒ?
83) Find the ultimate bearing capacity
84) net ultimate bearing capacity
85) Net foundation pressure
86) factor of safety
For Ø’= 28
87) What is the value of Nc?
88) What is the value of Nq?
89) What is the value of Nϒ?
90) Find the ultimate bearing capacity
91) net ultimate bearing capacity
92) Net foundation pressure
93) factor of safety

Situation 17: A strip footing 2.5 m wide is located at a depth of 0.75 m in sand of unit weight 18 kN/m3, the
water table being well below foundation level. The characteristic shear strength parameters are c’=0 and
Ø’= 38 deg. The footing supports a design load of 500 kN/m.
94) What is the value of Nq?
95) What is the value of qnf?
96) What is the net base pressure (qn)?
97) What is the value of the factor of safety?
98) What is the value of Ø’d?
99) What is the design bearing resistance?
100) What is the design load action?