SCI 101.

Earth Science: Introduction to 04/09/2023

Earth Science and Earth's Resources

SCI 101. Earth Science

UNIT 2: Learning Outcome

Introduction to
Earth Science & ● Explain the importance of earth
Earth’s Natural science and its subdivisions in
understanding the physical
Resources environment.
September 4, 2023
Prepared by:
Meliusa Marie N. Kitche
Instructor, Natural Sciences Department

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OUTLINE Earth Science

01 02 ● the term used for all the
Introduc4on to The Earths’ Living sciences that seek to study
Earth Science & Non-living the Earth and its neighbors
Resources in the universe.

03 04 ● includes geology,
Human Activities The Spheres
oceanography, meteorology,
that Affect the of Earth and astronomy
Environment

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Geology Oceanography
● the study of the oceans, their
composition, movement of
seawater, coastal processes,
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
seafloor topography and
• seeks to study the • seeks to explain the marine life
materials that compose theories about the possible
the earth and to origin of the earth and its ● It integrates the concepts of
understand many dev’t. into a living planet
chemistry, biology, physics,
processes that operate • deals with the gradual
on the earth’s surface and geology in explaining
change of the earth
and subsurface through 4.5 B years’ history oceanographic processes.

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Kitche, M.M.N. 1
SCI 101. Earth Science: Introduction to 04/09/2023
Earth Science and Earth's Resources

Meteorology Astronomy

● the study of atmosphere, ● is the study of the

its layers and universe, which relates
composition and the our planet to other
processes that produce space bodies in the
weather and climate universe

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ScienAfic Inquiry Scientific Inquiry

Ø involves fundamental The generally accepted processes:
procedures for discovering 1. gathering facts through
and understanding the events observation and measurement
taking place in the natural
world and to use this 2. formulation of hypothesis* and
knowledge in real situations 3. Testing

*Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the

basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

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ScienAfic Inquiry The Earths’ Living

and Non-Living
Ø When a hypothesis is repeatedly
tested through further study and Natural Resources
is re-affirmed, it becomes a theory
and is often widely accepted. … all the raw materials produced
Ø Theories need to be continuously by natural processes
tested for they are tentative and
may be disproved by further
studies.

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SCI 101. Earth Science: Introduction to 04/09/2023
Earth Science and Earth's Resources

The Earths’ Living and Non-Living

air The Earths’ Living Natural Resources
and Non-Living
Natural Resources
metallic & non-
metallic minerals

sources of energy:
coal & petroleum
water animals

plants Ø 60% of the species of living organisms

soil
Ø Biodiversity decreases towards the polar regions

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Earth’s Natural Resources Earth’s Natural Resources

Two major groups:

RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE
can be replenished or may be replenished
replaced over a short through a long period
period of time of time

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Earth’s Natural Resources: Land Earth’s Natural Resources: Land

Ø classified as usable (49%)
§ conversion of marginal lands
and non-usable (51%)
to cropland and areas for
Arid land
Crop land
11%
6% human habita9on has
Tropical
forest 8% destroyed valuable forest
Forest,
arid land resources
14%

Ø resulted to serious
environmental problems
Ice lands,
Grazing desert & desert (e.g. pollu9on, floods,
land 10% mountains
land 51%
disease, deple9on of
resources)

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SCI 101. Earth Science: Introduction to 04/09/2023
Earth Science and Earth's Resources

Earth’s Natural Resources: Energy Earth’s Natural Resources: Energy

§ Nuclear power and natural gas
• s6ll abundant; difficult to “harvest” or
are dangerous to use

§ one of the most widely § Hydropower

used earth resources • a popular source of energy in many
tropical countries Photo by Lukáš Lehotský on Unsplash

§ Biomass or the use of plants and

its by-products for fuel
• cu<ng of trees for fuel in our country
and other less developed countries
has destroyed countless animal habitats
Photo by Aleksei Zaitcev on Unsplash

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World Consumption of Energy Earth’s Natural Resources: Energy

Nuclear
Hydropower
5%
power 3% § Alternative energy sources
Coal
Ø These are less polluting and harvest technology is
27% not too expensive or difficult
Natural
gas 17%
§ Examples: geothermal plants, solar energy, windmills
Bangui Windmills in Ilocos Norte

Biomass
13%

Crude oil
Photo by
35% American Public Power Association on Unsplash

Mount Apo, Davao

Photo by Ralph Olazo on Unsplash

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Human Ac@vi@es that affect the Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
Environment
● Greenhouse Gases (GHGs): CO2 ,
nitrous oxide (NO), water vapor
● Irresponsible human activities causes… and methane (CH4 )
○ depletion and degradation of natural resources
Ø very important bec. they trap
○ land, water, and air pollution some solar radiation inside the
earth that maintains the global
● Human-induced environmental problems: average temperature
Øenhanced greenhouse effect or the global Ø Natural Greenhouse Effect
warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, oil spill, & (see video at next slide)
the loss of fertile soils through erosion

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SCI 101. Earth Science: Introduction to 04/09/2023
Earth Science and Earth's Resources

Natural Greenhouse Effect

Global Warming
● also termed as the enhanced greenhouse effect
Øas a result of too much burning of fossil fuel and
increasing agricultural activities

h"ps://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/240/the-greenhouse-effect-simplified/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustration-of-Global-W arming_fig1_337444368

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Ozone Depletion
● The depletion and thinning of some parts of the ozone layer
in the upper atmosphere happens because of the release of
the gases, i.e. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) and halons

Ozone hole over Antartica

Source: NASA

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Ac=vity: Alterna=ve
Energy Resources

Group Activity:

● Make a T-Chart on the

assigned alternative
sustainable energy sources
● Present to the class on Sept. 11

● See detailed instructions posted in the Google

Classroom/ NEO LMS

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