Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion

Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

Lesson Plan 4
Learning Area: Science, Subject: Science
Level: Secondary 2
Lesson Plan: Moment of Force, Duration: 2 hours

1. Learning Standards
SC 2.2 Understanding of characteristics of forces in daily
life, effect of forces on objects, and various types of motion of
objects, which could be applied for useful purposes

2. Indicators
SC 2.2 M.2/10 Design and conduct an experiment by using an
appropriate method to explain
the moment of force when the object is in
rotational equilibrium and make a
calculation by using the equation M = Fl.

3. Learning Objectives
1. Be able to explain the moment of force. (K)
2. Be able to calculate the moment of force. (P)

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

3. Be able to conduct experiment correctly and follows the

steps in order, to design and do an experiment to explain
rotational equilibrium by applying the principle of moments. (P)
4. Be able to apply the knowledge of moment of force in
daily life. (A)

4. Contents
Compulsory Details Local-related Content
- When a force acts away Consider from the
from the center of mass of institutional
an object, it is moment of curriculum.
force, affecting the object
rotates about its center.
- Moment of the force is the
product of the force and
the perpendicular distance
from the line of action of Consider from the

the force to the pivot. institutional

When the sum of moments curriculum.

about the pivot is equal to

zero, the object will be in
rotational equilibrium in
which the sum of its
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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

Compulsory Details Local-related Content

clockwise moments about
the pivot is equal to the
sum of its
counterclockwise moments
about the same pivot.
- There are many kinds of
toy made up by tools,
following the principle of
moment of force. The
knowledge of moment of
force can be applied to
design and create toys.

5. Compulsory Details/ Summary

Moment of force is a force acts away from the center of
mass of an object, and made the object rotates about its
center. The moment of force can be counterclockwise or
clockwise.

6. Learners’ Key Competencies

1. Communication Capacity

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

2. Communication Capacity
1) Observation skill
2) Experimental skill
3) Collaboration skill
4) Calculation skill
5) Inferring skill
6) Interpreting data and making conclusions skill
3. Capacity for Life Skills

7. Desired Characteristics
1. Self-discipline
2. Avidity for learning
3. Dedication and commitment to work

8. Important Questions
1. What is the moment of force?
2. How many types of moment of force are there?
3. How can an object stay in rotational equilibrium?

9. Learning Activity
 5Es Instructional Model

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

st
1 Hour

Introduc
Step 1: Engage
1. The teacher reviews the knowledge from the previous
hour about friction, using engaging questions as follows.
 How many types of friction are there?
(Suggested Answer: There are two types of friction, static
friction and kinetic friction.)
 Provide benefits of increasing and decreasing friction in

daily life.
(Suggested Answer: It depends on the teacher’s discretion.
For instance, it is better to choose rough bathroom floor
tiles to increase the friction and to prevent slippery.)
2. The teacher shows equipment for demonstration: a
double beam balance, and silver coins, and asks for two
volunteers. Assign one of them to put silver coins on
either side of a fulcrum until the scale is balanced. If it is
not balanced, the teacher may call another student
randomly to add more coins.
3. Students observe the demonstration. Then he/she
stimulates students’ interest and ask them to share their
opinions freely by using questions as follows.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

 What is the principle can be applied to double beam

balance?
(Suggested Answer: Moment of force.)
 What is the type of the moment of force acting on the
object on the right side of a double beam balance?
(Suggested Answer: Clockwise moments.)
 What is the type of the moment of force acting on the
object on the left side of a double beam balance?
(Suggested Answer Counterclockwise moments.)

Teachi

Step 2: Explore
1. Put students into groups of three people up to their
preferences. Assign them to study moment of force from
Mastering Science Work-Textbook Secondary 2B,
Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion or other resources
such as internet. Assign the role in a group for each student
as mentioned below.
 First student studies the meaning of moment of
force.
 Second student studies types of moment of force.
 Third student studies equation of moment of force.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

2. The members in each group share what they have

studied to other members, and record the conclusion in
their personal notebooks to submit to the teacher before
the end of the class.

Step 3: Explain
3. Each group of students comes in front of the class to
present the result of the experiment. The teacher adds
more suggestions as he/she sees fit.
4. The teacher adds extra explanation as follows, “Moment
of force has several applications such as mobiles, seesaws,
wire-cutter, wheels and axles and so on.”
5. Assign students to study the example of calculating the
moment of force from Mastering Science Work-Textbook
Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion. Then,
the teacher calls on 3-4 students randomly to explain how
to calculate the moment of force in front of the class. The
teacher adds more suggestions or explanation as he/she
sees fit.

nd
2 Hour
Step 2: Explore

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

6. Put students into groups of 5-6 people. Assign them to

conduct experiment: Moment of Force, from Mastering
Science Work-Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4:
Forces and Motion, to design and do an experiment to
explain rotational equilibrium by applying the principle of
moments.
7. Assign them to study the experiment to design a beam
from given materials, and test if the object can stay in
rotational equilibrium applying the principle of moments
from Mastering Science Work-Textbook Secondary 2B,
Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion. The teacher integrates
collaboration technique to set the learning process by
assigning the role in a group for each student as
mentioned below.
 Member 1-2 prepare the Equipment for experiment:
Moment of Force.
 Member 3-4 read and explain the instructions of the
experiment to the group members.
 Member 5-6 log what they have found in the Record
of Experiment: Moment of Force.
8. Each group of students conduct experiment following
the instructions from Mastering Science Work-Textbook
Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion.

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

9. Together, students in each group share, analyze, and

discuss the results from the experiment.

Step 3: Explain
10. Each group of students comes in front of the class to
present the beam made by the members of each group.
Also, students explain the distance from the line of action
of the force to the pivot and the way that made the beam
is in rotational equilibrium. The teacher adds more
suggestions as he/she sees fit.
11. The teacher asks students to discuss and share their
opinions, using engaging questions as follows:
 What is moment of force?
(Suggested Answer: Moment of force is a force acts away
from the center of mass of an object, and made the object
rotates about its center.)
 How can an object stay in rotational equilibrium?
(Suggested Answer: The object will not rotate when the
sum of moments about the pivot is equal to zero, or the
sum of its clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to
the sum of its counterclockwise moments about the same
pivot.)

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

12. Together, students and the teacher discuss the result of

the experiment to draw the conclusion as follows,
“Moment of force is a force acts away from the center of
mass of an object or cause object to rotate around a pivot.
There are two types of moment of force: clockwise and
counterclockwise. The moment of force is given by
equation M=Fl (The perpendicular force that acts on the
object in N, multiplies by the perpendicular distance from
the line of action of the force to the pivot in m).”

Step 4: Elaborate
13. The teacher provides an opportunity for students to ask
questions about moment of force. The teacher adds extra
explanations as he/she sees fit.
14. Assign students to do Exercise 1.1 from Mastering Science
Work-Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and
Motion.

Conclus

Step 5: Evaluate

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

1. The teacher evaluates students by observing their

answers to the given questions, their behaviors when they
work individually and in group, and their presentations.
2. The teacher evaluates the result of experiment:
Moment of Force.
3. The teacher checks Exercise 1.1 from Mastering Science
Work-Textbook Secondary 2B, Learning Unit 4: Forces and
Motion.
4. Together, students and the teacher conclude the lesson
plan about moment of force as follows, “The moment of
force is the turning effect of a force about a specific point
or pivot. When the object is in rotational equilibrium, the
sum of its clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to
the sum of its counterclockwise moments about the same
pivot.”

10. Assessment and Evaluation

Indicators List Method Tool Criteria
10.1
Midcourse
- Check - Exercise 1.1 - Pass mark: 60%
Evaluation
Exercise 1.1
1) Moment of
Force
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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

Indicators List Method Tool Criteria

2) - Evaluate - Performance - Pass mark:
Performance the Evaluation Quality level 2
performanc Form
e
3) Learners’ - Observe - Observation - Pass mark:
behavior learners’ Form (for Quality level 2
when they behavior learners’
work in group when they behavior
work in when they
group work in group)
4) Presentation - Evaluate - Presentation - Pass mark:
the Evaluation Quality level 2
presentation Form
5) Desired - Observe - Desired - Pass mark:
Characteristi learners’ Characteristics Quality level 2
cs self- Evaluation
discipline, Form
avidity for
learning, and
dedication
and
commitment
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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

Indicators List Method Tool Criteria

to work

11. Instructional Media/ Learning & Resource Center

11.1 Instructional Media
1) Mastering Science Work-Textbook Secondary 2B,
Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
2) Equipment for experiment: Moment of Force
3) Record of Experiment: Moment of Force
4) Equipment for demonstration
11.2 Learning & Resource Center
1) Laboratory
2) Internet

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

Record of

Moment of Force
Objectives

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Problems

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

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Hypothesis
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Record
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Draw a picture of your beam in rotational
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equilibrium. Label all the objects on it
and their distances from the pivot.

Discuss
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Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force
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12. Opinion of the Institutional Executive or the

Assigned Person

Comment:

Name
.................................
(
................................ )
Position

.......

13. Post-lesson Record

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Learning Unit 4: Forces and Motion
Lesson Plan 4: Moment of Force

 Knowledge

 Learners’ Key Competencies

 Desired Characteristics

 Science Capacity

 Others (Outstanding, or problematic behaviors of each

leaner (If any))

 Problem/ Obstacles

 Solutions

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