Group 2

10-Einstein
Leader: RECCION, Alyssa Mae T.
Members:
1. CONCEPCION, Sofhia E.
2. FABRO, Jhoever Angelo M.
3. MABALE, Alhana Clarisse G.
4. MANAIG, Ma. Glaira Joyce A.
5. SANCHEZ, Kurt Laurenz N.

I. PROPOSED RESEARCH TOPICS

A. Beauty Standard in the Philippines
1. Purpose: Find out why most Filipinos consider the mestiza/mestizo
skin as the beauty standard rather than the Morena/Moreno skin type, and
to find out why there are many whitening products here in our country
where the skin color is mostly Moreno/Morena.
2. Target Population: Filipinos, and business owners of beauty products

B. Stereotype on the Eldest Sibling

1. Purpose: To search on why mostly the eldest sibling in the family becomes
the breadwinner in the family. Next, to look on how does the oldest sibling feels
about it. Lastly, to find out why most parents give the responsibilities to their
oldest.
2. Target Population: The eldest sibling and the parents

C. Religion: Is it a choice or requirement

1. Purpose: Find out if it is the person’s choice to have a religion or is it their choice
to not be involved in one.
2. Target Audience: Everyone (mostly people related to different religion)
RELATED LITERATURE TOPICS:

1. “Whitened skin seen as a form of symbolic capital, but it has also been implicated as a
sign of attractiveness and desirability, particularly among Asian females” (Peltzer et al.,
2016). https://ibm.nycu.edu.tw/ibm/cmr/2017_Issue2/Corporate%20Management
%20Review_2017%20Volume%2037,%20issue%202,%20127-158.pdf

2. “It is very rare that darker-skinned Filipinos are represented in popular media, as Filipino
society tends to worship public figures that fit the colonial standards of beauty.”
(Casillan, 2020) http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1820/flipping-the-cultural-
script-papaya-soap-and-skin-color-stratification-in-the-philippines

3. “Filipinas are constantly exposed to papaya soap and other skin-lightening products
through visual media such as advertisements and TV commercials. Such media may be
viewed through a lens of feminist consumerism; but, as I analyze above, valuing light
skin is deeply rooted in the colonial history of the Philippines and contributes to skin
color stratification. (Casillan, 2020)
http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1820/flipping-the-cultural-script-papaya-soap-
and-skin-color-stratification-in-the-philippines

4. “Despite this increased attention on Morena/o skin in the media, it is the same media that
creates an avenue for Filipinos to have further desires for lighter skin as its content also
caters to skin-whitening products and Caucasian-looking celebrities” (Lasco & Hardon,
2020)http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0121-
54692022000200093

5. “Colonialism and Colorism have both played great roles in the formation of the mindset
of Filipino people. Colonialism formed the ideology that having lighter skin tones (a.k.a.)
white was more superior to darker tones. Colorism takes this to an advantage, for the
ideological view that those with lighter skin ones are perceived to be more superior plays
into social structure and giving advantages for them. Sadly, Filipinos have become
victims of the two C’s. Through colonialism, the Spanish helped formed the mindset that
white tones means beauty and wealth, and dark tones mean poverty. This results in
Filipinos who have white, fair skin to be treated highly compared to those with darker
tones. This is evident considering the Filipino Movie Industry and the overwhelming
light toned actors.” (Flores, 2019)
 https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1037&context=gender_studies

6. “After a series of camera movements highlighting the perplexing skin color of the
infant, the commercial ends with the image of the product a beauty soap whose
name was engraved in its body. Above it hovers the tagline ―naturally whitens
skin. This commercial was first shown in Philippine television in 2004.
Because of its humor, it became an instant hit and a topic of controversy. This did not
come as a surprise for not only did this commercial contain undertones of racism, but it
also brings to light how the advertising industry reinforces unrealistic and Western
standards of beauty, most especially among women. The commercial clearly targeted
women, otherwise, the pressure brought about by having a brown, Filipino
complexion should have also been the weight carried by the man in the commercial.
But being a fair-skinned beauty is a burden that rests heavily on the shoulders of
many Filipino women. While this issue is cultural, Singson (2015) argues that
the success of the Filipino skin whitening industry can be attributed to our
American colonial past.” (Embate & Mercado, 2019)
https://www.acmcjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/2/3

7. In the Philippines, the idealization of whiteness began during colonialism, symbolizing

beauty, class, and power. Historically, the issues towards a racial group with darker skin
was a combination of American and Spanish colonization. (Brandt, 2022)
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1625711/FULLTEXT01.pdf

8. “Scholars have concluded that this absence of darker-skinned Filipino models has
contributed to costumers experiencing “mestiza envy” where paler complexions seem
ideal based on their accompanying privileges and “workings of power” (Reyes, 2020)
https://www.proquest.com/openview/b902470471b8b487a5214a5b1163234a/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y