2.

Equipment and facilities in swine farm

a. Commercial farm
Swine Farrowing crate
A pig farrowing crate is a piece of equipment you should
have on your farm if you keep breeding sows. It is a metal
enclosure in which you can keep the sows you use for
breeding shortly before and after parturition. The purpose of
this pig farming equipment is to keep piglets safe after they
are born. Because sows are rather massive, they are
sometimes a danger to their young. A farrowing crate
design is such that it is impossible for the sow to lie on the
piglets. It also provides the right environment for both sows
and piglets in the farrowing house. As a result, it helps to
minimize mortality and maximize the growth rate of the
piglets.

Swine ventilation and cooler equipment

Ventilation systems are important in pig production to

maintain desirable environmental conditions inside the pig
house. It also helps to increase pig production. There are
usually two types of ventilation: natural type and
mechanical type. Depending on the size of your pig farm,
you may need to employ the use of the mechanical type.
The mechanical ventilation system uses several different
techniques to achieve the proper barn conditions that pigs
desire. This ventilation system is working by delivering the
expected amount of fresh air to all parts of the pig house.
As a result, it helps to maintain desirable temperature,
relative humidity and ammonia levels inside the barn.

Piglet heating equipment

For farmers who are in the business of farrowing sows, you

will need a heating unit for the young pigs. You should
provide a supplementary source of heat for the piglets.
Provide adequate sleeping areas for them and introduce
the heater lamps or bulbs. Adequate heating helps resist
diseases and reduces heat waste. When pigs have ideal
house temperatures, it substantially influences their health
and performance. Because of that, farmers in many climate
zones use adequate heating systems to maintain temperatures. The overall goal is to
maximize the thermal yield and transfer it to the pigs in the best possible way. At the
same time, try to keep energy costs as low as possible. Right now, many pig farms are
employing high-bed pig farrowing and breeding. At the same time, they make use of
infrared heating lamps, electric heating pads, far-infrared heating pads, etc.

Swine Feeders and feeding equipment

Swine just like every other animal requires a sufficient

amount of feed to grow. The amount and quality of feed
would determine the growth rate and health of the
swine. You need to provide a feeding area and
mechanisms for eating. The mechanisms could be
automated or manual depending on the pen construction.
If you are using an automatic cylinder feeder you should
have a means of regulating the feed input. This will help
to regulate the swine feeding time and minimize waste.
Using a piece of feeding equipment in your pig farm
makes it easy to clean out leftover foods and replace them with new feed. Also, it helps
in the maintenance of proper hygiene in the pig farm.

b. backyard farm
Swine Housing

Regardless the animal, having proper housing is an

essential element to ensuring the animal’s wellbeing.
Available in a variety of styles including small huts and
freestanding structures, and using a variety of materials,
hog housing is important as it provides a shelter for the pigs
to sleep, protects them from the elements and from any
potential predators.

Hog Watering

Because pigs don’t sweat, access to lots of fresh water is

important to help keep them cool. Swine watering systems
can be customized to fit the farmer’s needs. From drinking
cups and bowls, to hose fittings designed to fit the mouths of sows and piglets.
Transmitters are also available to keep track of water consumption to help with
monitoring costs.

Pig Feeding

Pigs tend to have a hearty appetite and keeping it satisfied

is an important part of raising animals that produce high
quality meat. Automatic feeders are available to help the
pig maintain a healthy diet while maximizing input costs by
giving a pre-determined amount of feed. Troughs can be
used in instances where many pigs are eating at once,
helping to create a family atmosphere among them.
Feeding carts are available to walk the feed to the pigs,
while cart covers help keep the feed protected from insects
and other animals. Feeding mats are also available to keep
food from falling through holes in the floor.

Cleaning Supplies

There are a variety of options available when it comes to

cleaning supplies. Respirators and gloves can help keep the
farmer clean and from breathing in any airborne sicknesses.
Pressure washers can be ideal to wash hard to reach areas
and clean off hardened messes.

Crates

When it comes to having the pigs tagged or checked for veterinary

purposes, crates can help keep the animals safe and secure.

Fencing

Pigs are natural foragers and like to explore the land for things to
eat. To ensure they don’t get too far away, fencing options can
keep the pigs secure and safe from outside predators. When
selecting fencing for pigs, keep in mind they have very sharp
teeth and can chew through thin wood.
5. Define the following terms:
A. Site
Site is most often concerned with location; it is related to situate , "to locate,"
and situation , "relative position or combination of circumstances at a particular
moment." The spatial location of an actual or planned structure or set of structures
(such as a building, town, or monuments).
B. Locus/loci
In genetics, a locus is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular
gene or genetic marker is located.
C. Single locus
A single locus is having one specific position, region, or segment along a chromosome.
Each gene occupies a specific locus (so the terms locus and gene are often used
interchangeably). Each locus will have an allelic form (allele). The complete set of
alleles (at all loci of interest) in an individual is its genotype.
D. Multiloci
The combination of alleles found at two or more loci in a single individual.
E. Sources of pigs
The sources of pigs are the location where we can locate or potentially buy pigs. There
are several places where we are able to purchase swine, but the first is at marketplaces
or public markets where they offer fresh meat, processed meat, and even live pigs.
Additionally, we have the option of buying pigs directly from farms, where we are free to
choose whatever ones we want.

References:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetics)
https://agro4africa.com/pig-farming-equipment/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilocus_genotype
https://opengenetics.pressbooks.tru.ca/chapter/one-locus-on-a-chromosome-
segregation-monohybrid/