T.L.E 7 4Q

FOURTH QUARTER MODULE
BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
Hearty morning dear students! Welcome to the next chapter of your stimulating flight of learning as
we start the Final Quarter. I hope that even during this COVID-19 pandemic, your enthusiasm and
excitement to learn is intact. In our Technology and Livelihood Education subject, we will focus on the
Nail Care Services. Your prior knowledge in your previous EPP class will still be used for you to be able
to cope with given tasks/ activities. I hope you will enjoy our lessons! Thus, in this fourth quarter
learning module, you are expected to acquire the essential knowledge and develop the basic skills
prescribed by DepEd’s learning standards aligned with the MELCs as shown in the table below.
Nail Care Services, has been conceptualized to equip you with basic knowledge and skills and
develop positive attitude towards work. The module contains lessons on the proper use of tools and
equipment, maintaining nail care tools and equipment, procedures in manicure, pedicure, hand spa and
foot spa, aiming basic nail design, and employing occupational safety practices. The activities in the
lesson incorporate the practical application of the principles and theories in nail care. Assessment tests at
the end of the lesson are provided so that you can evaluate yourself in terms of skills and knowledge,
determine your interest and attitude towards work, and discover your creative potentials and talents.
God bless and let’s get it on! 
WEEK 1: NAIL CARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

The learner demonstrates understanding of the use of tools and
Content Standard
equipment in Nail care services.
The learner independently uses nail care tools and equipment in nail
Performance Standard
care servicing.
Most Essential Learning Prepare the necessary tools and equipment for the specific nail care
Competencies (MELCs) activity.
Critical, Creativity, Collaboration and Career and Learning Self
21st Century Learning Skills
Reliance
Academically Excellent, Social Responsibility, Community Building,
Core Values
Christian Witnessing
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
o Crisostomo, Kenneth Dion R., Godoy, Mary Grace M., Useful for Life: Nail Care
Services 7/8, Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Philippines. Don Bosco Press, Antonio
Arnaiz cor. Chino Roces Avenues, Makati City.
B. Online links:
o Nail Care tools and equipment retrieve from https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/beauty-care-
module.html
TOPIC: NAIL CARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES
INTRODUCTION:
Nail Care is vital, not only for the cause of beauty and grooming, but also for the cause of
hygiene and health care.
This is something for personal gain and for the community. It aims to present the value of nail
care and the ways to achieve it. It also provides an option for a career or a job as a source of livelihood.
It visualizes individuals well-prepared and trained for the real world, not as a menace of society but as a
gift to the country and fellow human beings. Work becomes an opportunity to make full use of time,
talent, and treasure. It is a way to be productive and to venture into something noble and profitable.
A nail salon or nail bar is a specialty beauty salon establishment that primarily offers nail care
services such as manicures, pedicures, and nail enhancements. Often, nail salons also offer skin care
services.
Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the tools and materials used in nail care services.
2. Explain the uses of tools and equipment in nail care services.
3. Evaluate the importance of nail care tools, equipment and materials.
Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge
and understanding of the topic, nail care tools and equipment and their uses.
What I Want to Find How I Can Learn
What I Know What I Have Learned
Out More
Skills I expect to use:
PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities
in this lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. What is Nail Care Services?
2. Why do we have to use the Tools and Equipment properly?
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
Directions: Read each item carefully and identify what is being asked. Write your answer on the blank
provided before the number.
_______1. This is used to remove cuticle from the nails.
_______2. Applied to soften and lubricate the skin around the nails.
_______3. It is also known as sealer.
_______4. An adjustable upholstered seat fitted over a metal or chrome.
_______5. It is held in the same manner as in writing with a pencil.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to identify nail care tools and equipment, and explain the use of nail
care tools and equipment.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of Nail Care tools, equipment, and their
uses in your life as you explore the whole content of this topic.
Nail care has been primordial not only because it is part of good grooming but also it is hygienic
and healthy. Manicuring is one way of caring and improving the appearance of the hands and nails, both
of males and females, young and old.
The use of proper nail care tools and implements is a factor in order to provide a correct and safe
nail care service to your clients.
Technical Terms:
Bevel - a term in manicuring and pedicuring that means to shape the edge of something
Dispose of - to throw away
Hygiene - the science concerned with maintaining good health and cleanliness
Implements - articles or tools used in manicuring that are durable
Infection - a condition caused by a germ or a pathogen
Pathogen - a microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease
Sterilization - a term referring to any process that eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of microbial
life
Radiation - a process in which energy is transmitted in the form of waves or particles that can be used
to destroy micro-organisms
Disinfectant - an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or prevents the
growth of disease-carrying microorganisms
Antiseptic - a substance, milder than a disinfectant that prevents the growth and development of micro-
organisms
Cuticle - the non-living epidermis that surrounds the edges of the fingernail or toenail
Moisten - make wet or damp
Nail bed - the portion of the skin upon which the nail plate rests
Effleurage - a French word meaning "to skim" or "to touch lightly on", is a series of massage strokes
used in Swedish massage to warm up the muscle
Spa - a beauty care service where curative minerals are present for beautification
Hand Spa - a beauty care service using natural oils, vitamins and minerals, having curative effect to the
body
Paraffin - a waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper,
lubricants, and sealing materials
Foot Spa - a beauty care service offered by salons to relax and moisturize the feet
NAIL CARE TOOLS AND MATERIALS
TOOLS are the articles used in any nail care service which are durable or permanent and are hand-held.
Tools are also referred to as implements.
The tools commonly used in giving manicure and pedicure are the following:
Tools Name Use
Callus Remover A tool designed to strip off calluses and corns.
Cuticle Nail Pusher A tool used to push back and loosen the cuticles.
Cuticle Nipper An implement used to cut the cuticles.
Cuticle Scissor An implement to cut stubborn cuticles.
Finger or Manicure A small bowl used for soaking the fingers to

Bowl soften the cuticles.
Foot file Made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on

one side to remove calluses and a fine file on the
other to smoothen the feet.
Foot Spa Basin A large rectangular container used for bathing
and soaking the feet when giving a pedicure.
Manicure Tray A flat container where all the necessary tools and
implements are placed for use by the manicurist.
Manicure Nail Brush A plastic handled brush with nylon bristles used
to clean dirt and cosmetic residue from the nail
surface and skin.
Mixing bowl A small open-top, rounded cup-like container

used for mixing the aromatic oils and other fluids
for the hand or foot spa.
Nail Buffer An implement used for smoothening and

polishing the nails.
Nail Cutter / Nail Hand tool made of metal used to trim fingernails
Clipper / Nail and toenails.
Trimmer
Nail File An implement used to shape the edges of the nail
with the coarse side and bevel the nail with the
finer side.
Orangewood Stick An implement with pointed and rounded ends to

remove excess polish.
Pedicure Nail Brush A tool used to remove cosmetics and cleanse

nails.
Plastic Container For Cotton is a small receptacle where cotton

balls are put.
Pumice Stone A type of volcanic rock, which is actually frothy

lava solidified to form a porous rock to remove
dry and annoying skin of the feet as well as
calluses.
Supply Tray A flat container that holds the necessary

cosmetics and implements.
Trolley A wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used

for transporting manicuring and pedicuring tools
and materials.
MATERIALS are the cosmetics and supplies that are consumed and should be replaced from time to
time. They are also called consumables.
The following are the materials used in giving manicure, pedicure, hand and foot spa:
Materials Name Use
Alcohol An organic compound used as sanitizer.
Antiseptic Solution An agent that reduces or prevents the

multiplication of micro-organisms.
Apron An outer protective garment that covers primarily

the front of the body to protect clothes from dirt
or stains.
Assorted Colored Nail A lacquer applied on fingernails and toenails to

Polish decorate and/or protect the nail plate.
Base Coat A clear layer of polish applied to the nail plate

before the application of colored polish to
smoothen surface for color and promote healthier
nails.
Benzalconium A yellow-white powder prepared in an aqueous
Chloride solution used as surface disinfectant and topical
antiseptic.
Bleaching Soap A soap formulated to whiten the skin.
Cling Wrap A thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin
during a hand spa.
Cotton A soft white downy fiber for dubbing or cleaning

the nails and removing nail polish.
Cuticle Oil A mixture of fats and waxes containing lanolin

and petroleum base to soften and lubricate the
skin around the nails.
Cuticle Remover A liquid used to soften nail cuticles and prepare

them to be cut.
Disinfectant An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical,

that destroys, neutralizes, or prevents the growth
of disease-carrying microorganisms.
Emery board A wooden, sand paper-like stick with a fine

texture on one side and a coarse texture on the
other side used to gently grind down the edges of
the nails.
First Aid Kit A collection of supplies for use in giving first aid.
Foot Blush A liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha
hydroxyl acids derived from fruits that whisks
away dead skin cells, deodorizes and soften the
feet, giving it a pinkish glow after use.
Foot Soak An herbal blend to relax, energize, soothe and
deodorize the feet.
Foot Scrub A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft,

smooth and moisturized.
Garbage bins/bags Plastic disposable bags or trash receptacles used

to contain rubbish to keep the place clean.
Hand Towel An absorbent cloth for drying the hands.
Lotion Any of various cosmetic preparations that are

applied to soften the skin.
Manicure pillow A hand cushion that helps a client to keep her

hands steady and relaxed.
Nail Hardener A liquid applied to the nails to form a protective

barrier to prevent chipping, peeling and splitting
of nails.
Nail Polish Remover An organic solvent used to dissolve old polish on

(Acetone) nails.
Quick Dry A liquid applied to colored nail polish to dry

faster.
Solvent A substance used to thin out the nail polish when

it has thickened.
Toe Nail Separator A soft material where toes are inserted to keep
them apart to prevent a freshly painted toenail
from staining another toe.
Top Coat A clear nail polish applied to the nails after the
colored polish to protect it from scratches and
chips, it makes nails harder and keep them
looking shiny.
Towel An absorbent cloth for drying the hands and feet.
Wet Sanitizer A substance or preparation for killing germs.
EQUIPMENT are the items which are more or less durable and permanent needed for a particular
activity or purpose.
These are the equipment and furniture or fixtures that are used in a salon:
Chairs are seats with back support which have four legs and some have rests for
the arms.
Foot Spa Machine is an electronic gadget used for soaking, bathing and massaging the
feet during a foot spa.
Foot Spa Stool is a simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and
elevation during a foot spa.
Hand Spa Machine is an electronic gadget used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle
spasms and dry cracked skin of the hands.
Manicurist’s Chair or Stool is the adjustable upholstered seat fitted over a metal or
chrome.
Manicure Table is a furniture especially designed for giving manicure. Usually it has
a laminated plastic surface and a drawer for storing materials. It is often fitted with ball
casters for easy mobility.
Sterilizer is an equipment in a salon used for sterilizing metal implements to kill

micro-organisms.
Timer is a device that can be preset to start or stop something at a given time.
Paraffin Machine- This is actually used during manicure/pedicure procedures. It is a

machine that warms wax ideal for tired, sore and stressed hands. It could contain
additives like eucalyptus and essential oil.
Pedicure tab- This usually massages feet whenever they are soaked into.
REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

1. What is Nail Care Services?
o Nail Care Services is the study for nail and skin care such as manicures, pedicures,
and nail enhancements, also offer skin care services.
2. Why do we have to use the Tools and Equipment properly?
o It is important that we know each uses of the different nail care tools and
equipment so we know which of them we can use depending on our needs. We
know which tools and equipment are for cutting, grooming or cleaning.
o Knowing the uses of nail care tools and equipment is important to avoid injuries
also. Avoid injuries in a way that you know which of the tools are sharp that may
cause you wounds if not handled or used properly.
FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/ Synthesis/ Summary
Manicure and Pedicure are done to improve the appearance of the natural
nail and cuticle. To successfully do this art, you need to use the different nail care
tools, materials and equipment.
Tools are also called implements. They are handheld materials used to
perform a specific job.
Nail Care materials are consumable cosmetics or supplies that are needed to
be replaced from time to time.
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
DBES LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET/GAWAING PAGKATUTO

ACTIVITY SHEET
SUBJECT: TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 7
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Grade Level: _________________________________ Inclusive Dates: _______________
Week No.: 1 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
A. Describe briefly the importance of the following nail care tools, materials and equipment.
1. Paraffin machine-
2. Nail Buffer-
3. Pumice stone-
4. Nail cutter-
5. Alcohol-
6. Hand towel-
7. Supply tray-
8. Top coat-
9. First aid kit-
10. Nail polish-
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in nail
Accuracy nail care tools and learned in nail care tools and care tools and
equipment are accurately equipment are accurately equipment are used in
used in the essay. used in the essay. the essay.
Relevance The essay shows clear The essay shows some The essay shows no
connection to real life connections to real life connection to real life
situation. situation. situation.
B. Short response: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following questions briefly and substantially.
1. Why is it not advisable to use a nail clipper when cutting and shaping nails?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which is more advisable- long nails or short nails? Justify.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it not advisable to soak the feet first in warm water before using nail file?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. In salon industry, what is “proper cleaning” and how is it done?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in nail
Accuracy nail care tools and learned in nail care tools and care tools and
equipment are accurately equipment are accurately equipment are used in
used in the essay. used in the essay. the essay.
WEEK 2: PERFORM BASIC PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MAINTENANCE
The learner demonstrates understanding in maintaining tools and

Content Standard
equipment in Nail care.
The learner independently maintains tools and equipment in Nail
Performance Standard
Care Services.
Most Essential Learning Perform basic preventive and protective maintenance.
Competencies (MELCs)
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Protective and Preventive Maintenance of Nail Care tools and Equipment retrieve from
https://www.nailsuperstore.com/tips-detail/sanitation-of-nail-technology-tools/94
TOPIC: PERFORM BASIC PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MAINTENANCE
INTRODUCTION:
Tools and equipment can be suspect for any disease that may arise from a nail care job. Nail
salons, therefore, as well as those in the homes, must be extra careful with tools and equipment used for
said purpose of nail care.
Procedures for sterilization and sanitation of nail care tools and equipment should be prioritized.
Safekeeping and storage of these tools and equipment must be observed as well as preventive
maintenance techniques. Devising workplace regulations must be done initially for guide, part of which
is the classification of functional and nonfunctional tools and equipment. Defective equipment and tools,
once identified, can be repaired and replaced according to manufacturer’s specifications.
1. Differentiate sanitation and sterilization.
2. Identify the basic things in cleaning and disinfecting of tools.
3. Explain safety and cleaning procedures in the workplace.

and understanding of the topic, Perform basic preventive and protective maintenance
Out More
1. What are the processes involved to maintain tools and equipment in the nail salon?
2. How should tools and equipment be stored and kept at a safe state?
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write True if the statement is correct and False if, otherwise.
________1. A clean and organized storage space promotes safety.
________2. Every salon owner has to abide by the health regulations.
________3. The non-functional tools are those that are in order and are ready for use anytime.
________4. All chemicals must be properly stored and labelled.
________5. Salon workers must ensure that clients are provided the best care.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to differentiate sanitation and sterilization, identify the basic things in
cleaning and disinfecting of tools, and explain safety and cleaning procedures in the workplace.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of basic preventive and protective
maintenance in your life as you explore the whole content of this topic.
With the growing number of people being conscious with their nails and the way to maintain
them and look clean and attractive, comes the high demand for the nail technicians and/or salon owners
to make sure that their nail care tools and equipment are all at their best.
It is important to assemble, sanitize and sterilize all the necessary items before starting any nail
care activity. Sanitation is the application of measures to promote public health and prevent the spread
of infectious diseases. The observance of safety rules in the salon industry can be of great help in
preventing accidents and injury to anyone in the salon.
In the home or in the salon, there really is a call for tools and equipment to be safe and clean.
This conforms to healthy living.
Cleaning or sanitizing tools simply means scrubbing them with warm water and soap after use.
This is resorted to in most cases in salons since clients come and go, an instance that requires the
availability of clean tools.
Another option is disinfecting the tools using a disinfectant solution. The tools are immersed in
the solutions for at least 10 minutes, then regularly the solution is changed as directed.
Proper sanitation protects people from infection and cross contamination. Sanitation practices do
not only mean using not merely sanitizers but disinfectants, germicides, and cleansers. Such practices
keep the place up to standards.
What is meant by Sterilization? What is Sanitization?
Sterilization is the process of destroying all living micro-organisms. Sanitization is the process of
destroying some, but not all micro-organisms. Sterilization and sanitization techniques which are being
practiced in the beauty salon involve the use of physical agents like heat and radiation; and chemical
agents like antiseptics and vapor fumigants designed to protect public health.
Sanitation is the formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health. It is
done to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
There are ways on how to perform sanitation and sterilization of nail care tools. Listed below are
the common ways of sterilization:
 Boiling- requires the immersing of towels, linens, or instruments in water heated to 212
°F.
 Steaming- requires an airtight chamber in which steam is generated from water by the
application of heat.
 Irradiation- exposing the implements or tools to ultra-violet rays in an enclosed cabinet.
In salon industry, the usual method used is a liquid disinfectant mixing. In this method, a
disinfectant is mixed with water where the tools and implements are immersed. Disinfectants kill germs,
viruses, fungus and dangerous bacteria. However, most disinfectants are harmful to the skin. For this
reason, avoid contact with the skin and read first the manufacturer’s directions before using
disinfectants.
Sterilizing tools can be done through different methods such as autoclave, ultraviolet, glass head
and chemical sterilization.
Autoclave Machine Autoclave sterilizing sterilizes
tools through high pressure
steaming at a minimum heat of
121 °C at a duration of 15
minutes. This method is best for
stainless and glass tools.
Ultraviolet Sterilizer Machine Ultraviolet is a method used
mainly with equipment that has
been sterilized already and
needed to be stored. This is only
effective on surfaces it touches.
Glass Bead Sterilizer Machine A glass bead is done by keeping

the heat of 190 °C-300°C for
about 30-60 minutes before the
use of tools. This is suitable
only for small tools like
tweezers and pushers.
What is the difference between disinfectant and antiseptic?

A disinfectant is a substance used to control micro-organisms on non-living surfaces such as
tools, equipment, and furniture/ fixtures. An antiseptic is an agent that prevents the multiplication of
micro-organisms. Since it is milder than a disinfectant, it can be used directly on the skin.
Preparation of Equipment to be sanitized
a. Read directions on disinfectant.
b. Measure and mix disinfectant as directed.
c. Saturate a cleaning cloth with disinfectant solution and wipe entire surface area of equipment.
d. Wipe the surface with paper towel to dry it. Dispose of sanitizing solution and used towels.
Preparation of Metals Implements for Sterilization

a. Soak the tools/ implements in hot, soapy water solution to remove any debris and oil residue. Rinse
them thoroughly.
b. Place the tools/implements in a 70% to 90% alcohol solution for 20 minutes.
c. Remove the tools/implements from solution, wipe them dry, and place them into a dry sterilizer.
Preparation of the Sanitizing Jar
a. Cleanse sanitizing jar with disinfectant and wipe it dry.
b. Place thin layer of sterile cotton at the bottom of jar.
c. Remove implements from wet or dry sanitizer and place them into the jar, handles up, except for
metal nail files.
d. Fill jar with 70% to 90% alcohol solution to cover cutting edges and tips of orangewood sticks.
Keep in mind that all tools/implements and equipment should not be used unless effectively
sanitized or sterilized so as to prevent possible diseases and that all materials are neatly organized on the
trolley. All beauticians should maintain a high standard of personal hygiene. Wherever possible, use
disposable products.
Make sure that the client’s safety and comfort is ensured by using tools and equipment which are
in good condition and that he/she is provided with the appropriate personal protective clothing.
Your goal is to give the highest professional nail care service to each client thus, tools and
equipment are checked thoroughly to identify those which function efficiently and those which are not;
Functional tools and equipment are stored safely in accordance with salon requirements and local health
regulations. Non-functional or faulty tools and equipment are segregated and labeled properly either for
repair or for discarding.
Classification of Functional and Nonfunctional Tools and Equipment
Even with the maintenance programs adhered to for tools and equipment, there comes a time that
these aids bog down and become un-operational. These will need repair. In the workplace, however,
these tools and equipment will have to be identified and labeled as nonfunctional. They will have to be
segregated from the functional. In this way, the business operations become smooth, systematic, and
organized.
The functional tools are those that are in order and are ready for use anytime. In nail salons, the
nail trimmer, cuticle and nipper, pusher, are kept sharp. The nail dryer and UV lamp serve well. It is
customary that these tools are clustered and classified accordingly for easy access. Time is of the
essence in the workplace, especially when clients or customers come in batches; hence, everything
should be fast-paced. With the tools arranged and grouped properly, they come in handy and facilitate
work.
On the other hand, the nonfunctional tools are those defective tools needing professional care.
They are put aside until they have been attended to and made operational again. As these tools and
equipment are given a new lease on life, you are spared from buying another one, which definitely, will
be more expensive.
The bottom-line, therefore, is for salons to determine which tools are functional and which tools
are nonfunctional. A dichotomy should be made for proper action.
Proper Cleaning and Disinfection of Tools
Another way of maintaining cleanliness of manicure and pedicure tools is to disinfect them.
Disinfection reduces number of harmful organisms. Proper disinfection requires the performance of at
least the following basic things:
a. Proper mixture of disinfectant solutions;
b. Prevention of contamination by cleaning and rinsing the tools before immersing them into
disinfectant solution; and
c. Regular change of disinfectant solution as directed and/or prescribed.
Another way of maintaining cleanliness of manicure and pedicure tools is to disinfect them.
Disinfection reduces number of harmful organisms. Proper disinfection requires the performance of at
least the following basic things:
1. Proper mixture of disinfectant solutions.
2. Prevention of contamination by cleaning and rinsing the tools before immersing them into disinfectant
solution.
3. Regular change of disinfectant solution as directed and/or prescribed.
Any surface that comes in contact with the clients’ skin is considered “contaminated”. Examples
of these are manicure table, finger bowls, towels or other implements. Such surfaces must be thoroughly
and properly cleaned and disinfected.
A surface cannot be considered properly cleaned unless it has been scrubbed and made free from
any visible signs of debris or residue. A total removal of all visible residues present in a surface is called
proper cleaning. This must be done by complete and thorough rinsing using clear water. Proper
disinfection comes after proper cleaning. It is the destruction of potentially harmful or infection-causing
microorganisms.
Nail care implements could either be disposable (single use) or multi-used items. Disposable are
those manufactured items intended only for one use and are disposed after. It is unsanitary, improper and
unprofessional practice to reuse these items. Examples of these are cotton balls, tissues, gauze pads,
wooden implements, disposable towel, toe separators, and buffers. Items that have been damaged during
the disinfection should also be disposed.
Proper cleaning of such implements requires soap/detergent, water and disinfected scrub brush
for visible debris and residue removal. Proper cleaning is done by scrubbing the implement with a clean
and disinfected brush under running water. Remember that cleaning is entirely a different step from
disinfecting. An implement must be; cleaned first before being disinfected.
How to keep the workplace clean and safe?
There are sanitation guidelines that should be observed in the salon industry. Some of these
guidelines are the following:
1. Nail technicians and workers should always clean both their hands and their clients’ hands or feet
before service. This will reduce the risk of spreading germs from client to client.
2. Sanitize and disinfect all implements, equipment and materials that come in contact with a client prior
to giving nail services to another client.
3. If any metal tool or hard piece of equipment has come in contact with blood, body fluid, infection or
an unhealthy condition, disinfection of these equipment or tools is necessary. However, if any porous
nail implement has come in contact with blood, dispose these tools. Porous items are made of cloth,
wood or other tools. Porous items are made of cloth, wood or other absorbent materials. These include
most of nail files, orangewood stick, cotton, paper mats, towels and buffer blocks.
4. Designate separate storage for clean and disinfected tools and soiled or used tools.
5. It is highly recommended to disinfect the tools, implements and equipment after sanitizing them.
Sanitation is the first step to safety, but disinfection kills germs.
6. Use clean towels and/or manicure mats for each client.
7. If blood or body fluid comes in contact with any salon surface, the salon workers should put on
protective gloves and clean it with liquid disinfectants.
How can tools and equipment be kept safe, clean and functional?
It is vital to sterilize metal implements, sanitize wooden tools, and disinfect hand and foot spa
machines as well as environmental surfaces before and after each use. Contaminated tools can cause
bacterial and fungal infections that are unsightly, painful and sometimes, fatal. There are several
methods of cleaning and sterilization. Do a cursory cleaning after each nail care service and deep-clean
monthly to keep tools safe and useful all the time.
1. Sterilize metal implements after each use in a hospital-grade disinfectant that is bactericidal, veridical,
and fungicidal. This disinfectant can be found in beauty supply stores. Immerse the tools in the
disinfectant for 10 minutes.
2. Disinfect foot basins after each use with a bleach solution. Make a 1-to-10 solution by mixing one
part bleach with 10 parts water. Using gloves, rinse the basin with the solution to disinfect. If necessary,
scrub with a detergent to remove any dirt or debris.
3. Use a boiling method of sterilization once a month to disinfect all metal implements. Designate one
pot for sterilization to prevent cross-contamination with food. Submerge the tools in boiling water for 10
minutes. Drain the tools and allow them to dry.
4. Store sterilized metal implements in an airtight, zipper-sealed bag to keep them from being exposed to
dirt and bacteria. Be sure tools are completely dry before storing them. If waiting more than a couple of
weeks before the next nail care service, sterilize the tools again before use.
5. Inspect tools and equipment regularly to identify defective ones for repair, replacement or
condemnation.
Cleanliness of nail salon is not only about the tools and equipment that are directly used with
clients. It also covers the aspects of nail salon or the place itself. Clients, most likely than not, are to be
attracted and willing to go back to a nail salon that does not only offer quality nail care services but also
offers good and relaxing salon environment and ambience.
Workstation must also be put into consideration. There should be no clutter or residue of any
performed nail care services before another client. Every workstation must be cleaned and sanitized all
the time.

1. What are the processes involved to maintain tools and equipment in the nail salon?
o The processes involved to maintain tools and equipment in the nail salon are
proper cleaning, disinfection and sanitizing of tools and equipment.
2. How should tools and equipment be stored and kept at a safe state?
o Tools and Equipment that have been thoroughly cleaned and disinfected must be
properly kept for future use. It must be stored in a safe area with appropriate labels.
Previously-used tools must be stored separately from new and unused tools. Never
use airtight containers or zipper bags as your storage kit as they promote bacterial
growth.
Any surface that comes in contact with the clients’ skin is considered
“contaminated”. Examples of these are manicure table, finger bowls, towels, or
other implements. Such surfaces must be thoroughly and properly cleaned and
disinfected.
Proper cleaning of such implements requires soap/detergent, water and
disinfected scrub brush for visible debris and residue removal. Proper cleaning is
done by scrubbing the implement with a clean and disinfected brush under running
water. Remember that cleaning is entirely different step from disinfecting. An
implement must be cleaned first before being disinfected. All implements must be
rinsed and dried thoroughly through the use of clean cloth or paper towel.
All brushes that are used for disinfection must also be thoroughly cleaned
between uses and be sure to precisely read all warning labels and follow
instructions.
There are ways on how to perform sanitation and sterilization of nail care
tools. Listed below are the common ways of sterilization:
 Boiling- requires the immersing of towels, linens, or instruments in
water heated to 212 °F.
 Steaming- requires an airtight chamber in which steam is generated
from water by the application of heat.
 Irradiation- exposing the implements or tools to ultra-violet rays in
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 2 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Short response: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following questions briefly and substantially.
1. How will you differentiate sanitation from sterilization?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are some sterilizing tools? Tell something about each.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it important to clean and disinfect the tools and equipment used?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in
Accuracy cleaning and disinfecting learned in cleaning and cleaning and
are accurately used in the disinfecting are accurately disinfecting t are used
essay. used in the essay. in the essay.
Performance Task/s:
Create a brochure that will orient the costumers on the following topics:
1. How to create a safe and clean environment in a nail salon shop.
2. Enumerate nail and pedicure safety.
Be guided with the sample image below:
Rubric:
Category Excellent (3) Good (2) Fair (1) Score
Content All information
Required Required
on the brochure is
information on information on
accurate and
the brochure is the brochure is
presented in
presented presented but not
logical order.logically. Some in a logical
details are manner.
missing.
Creativity and The work is done The work is done Work is neatly
workmanship creatively and creatively. Few done but there is
neatly. errors in layout is a need to improve
noticeable. the arrangement
of the texts and
graphics.
Mechanics No grammar and Few grammar Some grammar
spelling errors. and spelling and spelling
The text is clean errors. The text is errors. Some text
and clear and are hard to
comprehensible. comprehensible. understand.
TOTAL
Comment/s:
WEEK 3: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
The learner demonstrates understanding in Occupational health and

Content Standard
safety procedures at workplace.
Performance Standard The learner independently identify workplace hazards and risks.
Most Essential Learning
Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures.
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Occupational Health and Safety Procedures retrieve from
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/manicure/default.html
TOPIC: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION:
Hazards are anything that could hurt a person and people around them. They are present even
on nail industry and salons. Identifying hazards, evaluating them and performing tasks to control them
are necessary to avoid any untoward incidents.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is
the responsibility of all persons in the beauty service industries. You must identify the hazards where
you are working and evaluate and control how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the
risk that it presents.
1. Explain Occupational health and safety procedures
2. Describe hazards and risks.
3. Identify hazards and risk and its corresponding.
4. Make a poster/slogan showing the effect of hazards and risks in the workplace.

and understanding of the topic, Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures.
Out More
1. What is Occupational Health and Safety Procedures?
2. How to identify the Hazards and Risks in the nail salon?
Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the types of hazards demonstrated by the following:
_________1. Manicure trolleys are placed in the passageway.
_________2. Disinfectants are not properly sealed and stored in open cabinet.
_________3. Nail Salon workers offering manicure services to clients with nail diseases or skin disease.
_________4. Nail Salon workers sit in awkward positions for long hours while offering manicure and
pedicure services.
_________5. Nail Salon Workers used the same towel for a number of clients.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to explain Occupational Health and Safety Procedures, describe hazards
and risks, and identify hazards, risks and its corresponding.
An occupational health and safety management system should follow the following elements:
1. Management Commitment-management can show their commitment to OHS by:
 Establishing an OHS policy
 Identifying its objectives
2. Planning- planning includes setting standards for management and employees by establishing:
 How the business ensures sound OHS practices are implemented?
 Who is assigned and responsible for the implementation? This person will coordinate the
assessment, delegate tasks and be responsible for taking notes and writing up information for the
register
 What resources are required for the implementation?
 When will the OHS practices be implemented?
 How will workers identify and report hazards to employer?
3. Consultation- consult and work with your employees. It is important that employees have a basic
understanding of what could be considered high –risk activities in the salon. There should be a two way
communication where employers listen to and cooperate with employees then management can ensure
OHS decisions are based on the best and most up-to –date information.
4. Training- it is important to give the health and safety training to new or inexperienced workers,
including those that have been away from the workforce for some time.
5. Risk management- involves identifying the hazards present and then evaluating the risk, taking into
account the existing precautions.
Hazards for nail technicians are almost the same as those of their clients. It is important to
identify hazards as they could cause skin disorders to nail technicians and clients if not controlled.
Hazards are anything that could hurt a person and people around them. They are present even on nail
industry and salons. Identifying hazards, evaluating them and performing tasks to control them are
necessary to avoid any untoward incidents.
The following are the steps of risk assessment:
1. Identifying hazards and risks
2. Evaluate and control hazards and risks
3. Control hazards and risks
Harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions
at work.
The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect
if exposed to a hazard.
IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND RISKS

Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your workplace that have the potential
to cause harm.
Step1.Identifying hazards and risks
In identifying hazards, especially for the chemical ones, it is very essential that you have your
products’ Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) wherein all contents and cautions for specific
product are listed. The MSDS must be updated at least every year.
There are many hazards present at a beauty salon that deserve your attention. Use this guide as a
starting point for conducting a risk assessment at your facility to correct potential hazards and keep your
client safe. Identifying hazards and risks should include the following:
 Consulting with salon employees
 Conducting a worker survey
 Inspecting the workplace
 Ensuring that the information supplied by manufacturers and suppliers is regularly updated and
made available to all in the workplace.
Step 2. Evaluate and control hazards and risks
Step 3. Control hazards and risks
Common hazards in a beauty salon include:
1. Electricity Common accidents in the workplace
can result from contact with faulty
electrical equipment that may have
become “live” or from contact with
worn or damaged power cords and
switches, the presence of water in the
salon increases the risk of
electrocution or injury.
2.Chemical hazard Chemicals used in the beauty salon
like nail polish, nail polish removers,
callus removers, and acrylic powders
for artificial nails are common
products found in many nail salons. It
causes skin irritations and respiratory
problems. Information on chemical
hazards can be obtained from the
following:
 The product label
 Material safety data sheet
(MSDS) -This sheet will
provide information on how to
properly handle, store, discard
and care for potentially
hazardous chemicals. It will
also provide information on
what to do if you are exposed
to the chemical and has bad
reaction
 The manufacturer
3.Slips, Trips, Slips, trips and falls are common

Falls occurrences in workplaces. People slip
and trip on slippery, rough or uneven
surfaces and may fall down from stairs
or off ladders.
4. Fire The range, number and 'portability' of

electrical equipment used in salons,
together with their proximity to water,
make for potentially hazardous
situations
Lifting and moving heavy stock

5.Manual handling materials and working at poorly
of material and designed workstations can cause
tools injuries and muscle strains. Injury due
to cutting with cuticle nippers, cuticle
scissors and cuticle pusher.
6.Infection Unsafe or unhygienic practices in the

hazards beauty salon may affect the health of
customers and workers that may lead
to exposure to biological hazards that
cause infectious diseases such as blood
borne pathogens (Hepatitis B,
Hepatitis C, and HIV), fungal
infections (Ringworm).
7.Ergonomic Ergonomics is the scientific study of
Hazards people at work. The goal of
ergonomics is to reduce stress and
eliminate injuries and disorders
associated with the overuse of
muscles, bad posture and repeated
tasks.

1. What is Occupational Health and Safety Procedures?
o Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent
illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and
risks. It is done by recognizing and identifying hazards.
2. How to identify the Hazards and Risks in the nail salon?

o Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your workplace
that have the potential to cause harm. In identifying hazards, especially for the
chemical ones, it is very essential that you have your products’ Material Safety and
Data Sheets (MSDS) wherein all contents and cautions for specific product are
listed.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to

prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards
and risks. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the
beauty service industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and
evaluate and control how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the
risk that it presents.
Hazards are anything that could hurt a person and people around them. They
are present even on nail industry and salons. Identifying hazards, evaluating them
and performing tasks to control them are necessary to avoid any untoward incidents.
Risks is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or

experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
Types of Hazards:
1. Electricity
2. Chemical Hazards
3. Slip, Trip, Falls
4. Fire
5. Manual Handling of Materials and Tools
6. Infection Hazards
7. Ergonomic Hazards
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 3 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
List at least 5 possible hazards at home and give the effect of hazards.
Hazards Effect
Chemical exposure Weakening of the immune system
Example: Paint, Gas, Bleach
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Performance Task/s:
Make a poster or slogan showing the effect of hazards and risks in the workplace.
Rubric:
Content All information Required Required
on the
poster/slogan isthe poster/slogan the poster/slogan
accurate and
is presented is presented but
presented in
logically. Some not in a logical
logical order. details are manner.
missing.
of the texts and
graphics.
TOTAL
Comment/s:
WEEK 4: EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISKS
The learner demonstrates understanding in evaluating and controlling
Content Standard
hazards and risks.
Performance Standard The learner independently control hazards and risks.
Evaluate and control hazard and risks.
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Cotrol Hazards and Risks retrieve from https://www.ehsinsight.com/blog/4-ways-to-
control-hazards-and-risk-in-the-workplace
TOPIC: EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISKS
INTRODUCTION:
Risk is the probable chance that hazard can harm you. Risk assessment is a means of finding
out what hazards are present and how those hazards can be controlled.
Tracking the assessment especially for the chemical hazards is important as well. It is
necessary to read the labels of chemicals recorded in the Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS) since
it can give you essential information about the product’s content and safety precautions.
Evaluating risk also requires the assessment of hazards through the following questions:
1. How likely is it that the hazard could harm you or someone else?
2. How badly could you or someone else be harmed?
1. Identify the different Personal Protective Equipment.
2. Explain the procedures in evaluating and controlling hazards and risks.
3. Identify the OHS issues and concerns in accordance with workplace requirements.

Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Evaluate and control hazard and risks.
Out More
1. What is risk assessment?
2. How is risk assessment done in the workplace?
_________1. Hazard assessment is a means of finding out what hazards are present.
_________2. Chemicals must always be kept in close and properly labelled containers.
_________3. PPEs are used to reduce the risks or the likelihood of an injury.
_________4. Minimizing inhalations is one way to control hazards and risks.
_________5. In managing hazards, you have to identify all risks involved on your work.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to identify the different Personal Protective Equipment, explain the
procedures in evaluating and controlling hazards and risks, and identify the OHS issues and concerns in
accordance with workplace requirements.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of evaluating and controlling hazard and
risks in your life as you explore the whole content of this topic.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work

Personal Protective Equipment is
clothing equipment designed to be worn by a
nail technician or salon workers to protect
them from risks of injury or illness. It should
only be considered as a control measure when
exposure to a risk cannot be minimized in
another way, or when used in conjunction with
other control measures as a final barrier
between the nail salon worker from the
chemical hazard and other cause of hazards.
These clothing equipment does not control
hazard at the source equipment which will
protect you from risks to health and safety.
PPEs must not be first chosen way to control hazards and risks. They must be in conjunction
with other methods. They must be selected in accordance with the MSDS directions accompanying the
chemical or substance being used.
The most commonly used PPE in nail care industry are gloves, masks and respirators.
GLOVES- The use of right gloves must always be considered. It is recommended to use Nitrile gloves
in protecting the hands from chemicals. Avoid using latex or vinyl gloves. Nail technicians need gloves
to protect nails and skin damage and to prevent their skin from absorption of potentially harmful
ingredients which may cause skin allergies and irritation.
MASK AND RESPIRATORS- Masks and respirators are very useful to nail technician especially
when transferring chemicals or when buffing and filing nails. Paper dust mask can protect you from nail
filing dust but it cannot do the same to you with chemicals. N95 dust masks further protect you from
dust, viruses and other germs but still not with chemicals. It is best to use purifying respirator in
protecting yourself from chemicals. However, wearing this respirator can make you feel uncomfortable.
Therefore, there is still a need for you to consult your MSDS to check for the recommended mask for a
specific chemical.
Advantages of wearing PPE at work:
 To prevent damage to workers’ nails and skin.
 To prevent skin from absorbing potentially harmful ingredients which may cause skin allergies,
irritation, or other related problems.
 So as not to generate a lot of dust, it may be necessary to wear a dust mask to minimize
breathing in particles while filing or buffing nails. To protect the wearer's face and prevent the
breathing of air contaminate with chemical and/or biological agents.
Measures of Concentration of Toxic Substances (Chemical Substances)

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
TLV is a measures of concentration of toxic substances .It is the average concentration of an
airborne substance to which most workers could be safely exposed over an eight-hour working day or
forty-hour working week throughout a working lifetime.
Maximal Allowable Concentration (MCL)
MCL is a peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most worker could be safely exposed
Control Measures:
 Using alternative substances or processes which are less hazardous
 Good ventilation can get rid of the fumes and chemical smell that builds up in a salon
 Providing separate eating and drinking amenities for employees
 Ensuring appropriate safety signs, training, instruction and provision of Material
 Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and labels using appropriate PPE.
Many of the electrical appliances used in the beauty salons can create serious health and safety risks
in the nail and beauty industry, particularly in wet conditions. Damage to equipment increases this risk.
Electrical shock can result in electrocution, burns and injuries from falls.
In evaluating risk, there are steps you need to follow.

First, you have to divide the work into tasks. In doing this, studying the processes used by nail
technicians on their work is essential. For example, knowing how they do nail polish removing, nail
filing and buffing, and acrylic mixture application. You have to know all the work processes including
the ways to clean the workplace and equipment.
Second, identify all the substances being utilized including cleaning products and nail and beauty
items.
Third, design a way to deal with the hazards. Dealing with the hazards requires the use of
Material and Data sheets (MSDS). Here, check all the hazardous substances and follow steps of safety
information.
Fourth, record the assessment and keep this assessment record. Review assessment every now
and then to check if there are still hazards and risks that had not been included.
Evaluating risk also requires the assessment of hazards through the following questions:
1. How likely is it that the hazard could harm you or someone?
2. How badly could you or someone else be harmed?
Take note that in evaluating hazards, the effects of the hazards must be determined and
Occupational Health and Safety issues and/or concerns are identified, too and reported to the designated
personnel in accordance with the workplace requirements.
SLIP, TRIPS AND FALLS
The results of slips, trips and falls include broken bones,
abrasions, contusions, strains, sprains, back or spinal
injuries and other serious injuries. During a slip, trip or fall
accident, injury may be caused by over stretching joints,
bones and ligaments.
Control Measures
 Clean up spills straight away.
 Use mats on slippery floors.
 Wear appropriate work shoes.
 Improve cleaning methods to prevent build-up of
grease/detergent
 Provide ample storage space, to avoid materials
being placed in aisles/walkways
 Set absorbent flooring materials into entrance areas
As a beauty salon staff, you must be aware of and trained in

fire and emergency evacuation procedures in the workplace.
Emergency exit route will be the easiest route by which all
of the clients and staff can leave the building or salon safely.
Control Measures:
 Keep all escape routes and fire exits clear, and make
regular checks to ensure this case.
 Firefighting equipment must be available, located in
specified area. You can include fire extinguishers,
blankets, sand buckets and water hoses.
 Store products, particularly aerosols, away from
naked flames or sources of heat, at or below room
temperature and in a dry atmosphere.
 Switch off and unplug all electrical
appliances before leaving the work place.
 Make sure that all workers in the salon are
aware of the action that must take in the event of a fire.
Manual handling involves any activity that requires the

use of force exerted by a person to lift, lower, push, pull, carry
or otherwise move any load. These can result in injuries to any
part of the body. Nail salon workers use forceful repetitive
movements such as filing and buffing nails and holding
uncomfortable positions for long periods of time, thereby
increasing risk for joint and musculoskeletal injuries
Control measures:
 Plan the lift before you begin
 Position your feet shoulder width apart
 Bend your knees without moving your upper body, squat down to the floor. Keep the
shoulders level and facing in the same directions as the hips.
 Get a firm grip and keep the arms within a boundary formed by the legs
 Keep the load as close to the body as possible
 Lift the load smoothly, do not jerk
 If an item is too high, use a stepladder or stool to help you
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a
threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. Micro-organisms are everywhere and
are continually introduced into the environment. They live on skin, in food and dirt. Micro-organisms
are easily spread between clients and operators and are easily transferred by contact with unwashed
hands, soiled equipment or contact with blood and body substances. Nail technicians must assume that
all blood and other body substances are potential sources of infection. To minimize transfer of micro-
organisms, you must perform all procedures in a safe and hygienic manner, following all infection
control techniques and procedures. Skin that is intact, without cuts or abrasions, is a natural protective
barrier against infection
Control Measures:
The following are the methods on how to control infectious diseases:
1. Cleaning is the removal of soil and a reduction in the number of micro-organisms from equipment
surfaces by washing in detergent and warm water.
Methods of Cleaning:
1. Rinse the equipment in warm water (15-30°C) to remove any blood or body fluids. Hot water
used at this stage will cause coagulation and the substances will stick to the instrument. Cold water will
harden fats making cleaning more difficult.
2. Wash the equipment in a sink filled with warm water and a mild alkaline detergent to remove all
visible soiling (strong alkaline detergents may damage some instruments). Hold the items low in the
sink to limit the generation of aerosols during scrubbing. Use of a scouring pad can assist in removing
stains.
3. Rinse the equipment thoroughly in running water.
4. Dry with a cotton cloth. Drying prevents residues from damaging equipment during sterilization.
5. Store under cover in a clean, dry and dust free environment.
2. Disinfection is the removal of micro-organisms by chemical or physical means. The level of
decontamination depends on duration of exposure to lethal levels of disinfectants. Unlike sterilization,
disinfection does not remove all microorganisms but reduces the population to safe levels.
Proper use of disinfectants:
 All implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before soaking in
disinfectant and prevent them from being effective.
 Implements and tools must be completely immersed in disinfectant solution for the time
specified on the product label. Complete immersion of tools and implements means enough
liquid to cover all surfaces of the item including the handles.
3. Sterilization is the total destruction of all living micro-organisms and their spores.
Method of sterilization:
1. Physical agents such as radiation and heat
2. Chemical agents, such as antiseptics, disinfectants and vapor fumigants
ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics is the study of how equipment and furniture can be arranged in order that people
can do work or other activities more efficiently and comfortably. It is important in the adaptation of
work conditions to the physical and psychological nature of people.
Below are pictures showing how ergonomics can help reduce strain to your bodies on the proper
posture during manicure and pedicure services.
A nail technician should consider the three main factors in nail servicing:
1. Supporting the weight of the client's arm or leg
2. Working while looking down at the hand or foot of the model
3. Looking forward at the hand or foot of the model
The following pictures show how you are going to position the hand and foot of your client when giving
a manicure and pedicure services to avoid pain in your hands, shoulders and back
A. Correct position of hand while giving a manicure
Use rolled towel or hand cushion in giving a manicure, client's arm weight will rest on the
cushion instead of holding it. Repetitive motion, takes a toll on your muscles and joints and can cause
long-term problems, such as arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome. (Carpal tunnel syndrome. It is a type
of compression neuropathy, a nerve damage caused by compression and irritation of the median nerve in
the wrist. The nerve is compressed within the carpal tunnel, a bony canal in the palm side of the wrist
that provides passage for the median nerve to the hand and can be due to trauma from repetitive works.)
B. Correct position of foot while a giving a pedicure
Correct position of client's leg

Elevate client's feet and place their feet or legs on a footrest that bears their weight. During the
massage portion of a service, the footrests can bear the majority of the weight so nail technician can
limit pressure on their back, shoulders, and neck
Incorrect position of client's foot:

Don’t bear the weight of a client’s leg by resting the foot in your lap or by using your own
strength to lift and lower the leg. This position will cause strains in the muscles in your shoulders and
back, and, because you are connected to the client, it also reduces your mobility to be agile as you work
through the different steps of the service
C. Correct position of a pedicurist in giving a pedicure service
Correct position of pedicurist

You should keep your back straight and supported while giving a pedicure service, and use both
the height adjustment of your chair and of the footrest to keep the foot at a workable level instead of
straining the body. Suggest your client to bend their knees and move their feet to appropriate positions.
Incorrect position of nail technician while giving a pedicure service

If you need to perform close-up, detailed work, there is a tendency to round the shoulders and
extend the neck to get as close to the foot as possible, which will cause strain to the muscles in the upper
body and the entire back. Worse will happen because you will add enormous strain to your body as you
try to get into a position that will give you best perspective.
D. Correct position of a pedicurist feet while giving a manicure service
Correct position of pedicurist's feet

As nail technician, you may twist your chair because you want to get closer to your work.
Instead of contorting yourself into this position, it might benefit you from a table with a cutout that
allows you to sit straight in your chair but still work on the client’s hands from an angle. You can
improve your posture even without a cut-out in the desk by strengthening your core muscles so you are
able to sit straight for longer periods of time. It is also important to develop a habit of keeping both feet
on the floor to prevent the unbalanced compression.
Incorrect position of pedicurist's legs

This nail technician has her shoulders rolled forward, her left arm is resting on the table, which
pushes her shoulder up, she is twisted in her chair, and her legs are crossed. This will cause more
compression on one side of the body than the other.

1. What is risk assessment?
o Risk assessment is a means of finding out what hazards are present and how those
hazards can be controlled.
2. How is risk assessment done in the workplace?
o A risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things,
situations, processes that may cause harm, particularly to people. After
identification is made, you analyze and evaluate how likely and severe the risk is.

Risk is the probable chance that a hazard can harm you. Risk assessment is a means
of finding out what hazards are present and how those hazards can be controlled.
With the presence of the main hazards like inhalation, ingestion and skin contact
with the harmful chemicals and nail dust, different measures to control hazards and risks must
be studied and practiced.
Hazards are likely to spread bacteria, virus and fungi that may lead to infection
diseases like Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus. There are general ways on how
to control hazards. It is very important that smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited in the
workplace. Remember to respectfully treat natural nail, cuticle and skin with the idea in mind
that any damage on them can lead to infection. Always have the MSDS ready after the
evaluation of the risks that have been done. It is recommended to have proper ventilation in
the workplace.
In controlling hazards and risks, safety procedures must be consistently followed. In
addition, proper use of personal protective equipment must be observed.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 4 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Short Response: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following question briefly and substantially.
1. Cite some ergonomic hazards encountered by nail technicians.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is MSDS and why is it important?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. How will you describe a well-designed workplace for nail technicians?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in OHS
Accuracy OHS are accurately used learned in OHS are are used in the essay.
in the essay. accurately used in the essay.
Mini Task/s:
Visualize a nail salon. Try to identify some hazards and risks that may be present in a salon shop.
Suggest possible measures to control the risks. Use the template below:
Hazard Risk Control Measures

EXAMPLE: Inhalation of chemicals can lead Wear a PPE such as mask to
Chemical hazards to irritation, headaches, lessen or to avoid the inhalation
(Nail polish, artificial nails, dizziness, sickness, occupational of chemicals
Polish remover) asthma, or even cancer.
WEEK 5: NAIL STRUCTURES AND DESIGN
The learner demonstrates understanding in nail structures and design.
Content Standard
Performance Standard The learner independently identified nail structures and design.
Identify nail structures and design.
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Nail Structure and design retrieve from https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-44.html
TOPIC: NAIL STRUCTURES AND DESIGN
INTRODUCTION:
The word “manicuring” is derived from the Latin “manus” (hand) and “cura” (care) meaning the
care of the hands and nails. The purpose of manicure is to improve the appearance of hands and nails.
Pedicure, on the other hand, is the care of feet, legs, and toenails. It is a part of the patron’s well-
groomed look. The feet and heels in today’s shoe fashions are more or less exposed. Unkept toenails and
rough harsh heels detract the loveliness of footwear. Foot care not only improves personal appearance
but adds to the comfort of the feet.
1. Define nail.
2. Identify the different nail structures.
3. Explain the growth of nail.
4. Describe the different shapes of nail.

and understanding of the topic, nail structures and design.
Out More
1. Why do we need to know the parts or structures of our nail
2. How long will it take for the nail to completely replace itself?
Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify what is being asked.

________1. Skin folds that holds nail in place.
________2. Site of hangnails and ingrown nails.
________3. Place where nail grows.
________4. Actual and visible fingernails.
________5. Situated between the finger and nail plate.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to define nail, identify the different nail structures, explain the growth of
nail, and identify the different shapes of nail.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of nail structures and design. in your life
as you explore the whole content of this topic.
THE ANATOMY OF NAIL

The nail is typically divided into six specific parts namely root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium
(cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium.
Nail Root- this is where the growth of nails occurs. It is locaed beneath the skin at the base of the nail. It
extends out several millimeters.
Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix. It is
abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having numerous parallel ridges which dovetail
exactly with the ridges on the under surface of the nail plate.
Nail Plate - is visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is made up from dead cells
and minimum amount of moisture. The nail is semi-transparent – allowing the color of blood supply of
the dermis to show.
Eponychium- The nail is surrounded by an overlapping epidermis called the cuticle. Cuticle protects the
matrix from being invaded by bacteria and the nail from physical damage. It is situated between the
finger and the nail plate. It fuses the finger and the nail plate structures together by providing a water-
proof barrier.
Perionychium- This part is also called the paronychial edge. Perionichium is the site of the hangnails,
ingrown nails and an infection of the skin called paronychia.
Hyponchium- This is the portion of the skin located at the end of the fingers, underneath the free edge.
Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main purpose of the nail
is to protect the fingers and toes, however, the fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in
daily life.
Below are the diagrams of the nail and its structure:
OTHER PARTS OF THE NAIL

1. Lunula - the pearly colored and crescent shaped is due to the cells being pushed closely together, the
blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula because of this.
2. Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent skin, which is called the 'true
cuticle’ that is removed during the manicuring process
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of the nail plate that
overlaps the hyponychium
4. Matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly below the cuticle. New
cells form here and continually push towards to produce the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels
and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will
grow deformed.
5. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail in place and
protect the nail plate edges.
6. Nail grooves- The area at the side of the nails upon which the nail moves. It acts as a guideline for the
nail to follow.
NAIL GROWTH
General health, adequate nutrition, age and even the time of the year affects the rate of nail
growth. Nail continuously grow throughout the life and are not normally shed. They are approximately
growing about half to one millimeter per week. Toe nails grow slower compared to fingernails. They
take approximately one third to one half the growth rate of the fingernails. Nails take 5-7 months for the
nail plate to completely replace it. From the time it is formed at the root, until it reaches out beyond the
fingertip.
Thicker nails usually grow slower than thin nails. Nails usually grow faster during daytime and
during summer. The middle finger grows fastest with the rate progressively decreasing on the forth,
second and the fifth. Thumbnails usually grow the slowest
When damage or injury on nails happen, it still grows at a normal grow rate. If the matrix is
destroyed, new nail will not grow. If it is damaged, the new nail will grow but it is distorted. If you are
a right-handed person, your nails on your right hand are more likely to grow faster compared to your left
hand nails. Otherwise applies if you are left-handed.
NAIL SHAPES
Shaping nails especially among women nowadays gains ground as this serves not just as part of
personal grooming but also a statement of style. There are five basic nail shapes to choose from: Oval,
Square, Squoval (square and oval), round and pointed.
Shapes of Nail
The shape of nail conforms to that of finger tips of an individual
Oval nail This is common among people with long,
perfect nail beds. It may be styled slightly
rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the
fingertips. Most often this type of nail has a
natural look and looks very well in a short-
medium length.
Round nail Ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to

grow out straight at the sides for
approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is filed
into a rounded shape. This is a strong shape
which is great for those who keep their nails
short.
Stiletto/ pointed Filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this
nail shape is very weak as the sides of the nail
(which provide the strength) are totally lost
Squoval As above, but followed by squaring off the tip,

this gives the nail tip strength over the oval
shape
Square nail The square-shaped nails are the most famous

among the nail shapes. It is created by
allowing the nail to grow out straight and then
filing the tip straight across at right angles with
the rest of the nail plate.
Trim your nails

Trimming of nail plays a very vital role. It is very easy task but sometime it causes little
problems such as unwanted abrasions and ingrown nails, when done not properly Apply the following
steps while cutting nails.
Step 01: Prepare the types of instruments for this task. Nail cutter, who has small or medium slightly
curved blades, which are suitable for trimming the finger nails. Nail cutters with straight blades are
suitable for use.
Step 02: Before using your nail cutter, make sure that it is clean. Wash your nail cutter to remove dust
and germs, especially when you are sharing your nail cutter with someone else. Dry thoroughly after
washing it.
Step 03: Wash your hands. Wipe dry with any towel or tissue paper to remove extra water. This process
cleans your fingernails, and beside cleaning fingernails it also helps in softening your nails and easier to
cut them
Step 04: You must cut your nails in a place where you can clearly see what you are doing. Put a small
container near you in which you can collect the nails.
Step 05: Decide the shape of your nails. Decide which shape you actually want. After deciding, lift the
nail cutter and start cutting your nails.
Step 06: Start cutting your nails starting from your little finger,
Step 07 Click on the nail cutter that can cut through the nail. You can make at least two or three cuts of
a finger nail until everything is snug. Follow the curve of the nail to get a clean cut. Check skin flaps
after each cut and remove carefully.
Step 08: Sit comfortably and crouch your knee side to easily reach up and see the nails clearly. Be sure
not to set up deep razor to prevent scratches. Adjust the position of razor if you feel any discomfort.
Step 09: After cutting your nails, use a nail file to smooth any rough and odd surface of newly trimmed
nails. When you file, do it in on tilt – from the corner of the nail to go down.
Step 10: Apply some moisturizer on your hands to keep the cuticles moisturized and smooth.
1. Why do we need to know the parts or structures of our nail?
o Learning about the structure of the nail can help you understand the importance of
proper nail care and help you to diagnose minor problems that can present
themselves in the nail bed. The nail, whether it is a fingernail or a toenail, has
many distinct parts that require proper care.
2. How long will it take for the nail to completely replace itself?
o Nail continuously grow throughout the life and are not normally shed. They are
approximately growing about half to one millimeter per week. Toe nails grow
slower compared to fingernails. They take approximately one third to one half the
growth rate of the fingernails. Nails take 5-7 months for the nail plate to
completely replace it. From the time it is formed at the root, until it reaches out
beyond the fingertip.
Nails are the most cared part of our body today. People, especially women, find time to
do some arts on their nails. Creating nail design nowadays can be considered as a fashion
statement among women. Different nail art designs have been discovered day by day different
talented nail technicians.
The nail is typically divided into six specific parts namely root, nail bed, nail plate,
eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium. The other parts of nail are Nail walls,
Matrix, Lunula, Free Edge, Nail Folds and Nail Grooves.
Shaping nails especially among women nowadays gains ground as this serves not just
as part of personal grooming but also a statement of style. The different nail shapes are oval,
Square, squoval, round, almond and stiletto or pointed nail.
Trimming of nail plays a very vital role. It is very easy task but sometime it causes
little problems such as unwanted abrasions and ingrown nails, when done not properly Apply
the following steps while cutting nails.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 5 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
A. Draw and describe the following nail shapes.
1. Oval
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Square
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Squoval
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Round
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Pointed
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
B. Short response: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following questions briefly and substantially.
1. Why do nail have different shapes?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which of the basic nail shapes easily break? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What determines the shape of the nail?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in Nail
Accuracy Nail Shapes are accurately learned in Nail Shapes are Shapes are used in the
used in the essay. accurately used in the essay. essay.
WEEK 6: NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS
The learner demonstrates understanding in evaluating and controlling
Content Standard
hazards and risks.
Performance Standard The learner independently identified nail diseases.
Identify nail diseases and disorders.
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Nail Diseases and Disorders retrieve from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nail-diseases-chart
TOPIC: NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION:
As mentioned in the previous lessons, taking good care of your nail care tools and equipment
as well as identifying the hazards and ways to control them are very important; as negligence to do so,
can result to some nail diseases and disorders.
A disease is a pathological condition caused by infection, genetic defect or environmental
stress. It affects part of an organ or system of an organization.
1. Explain the cause of nail diseases and disorders.
2. Identify the different nail diseases and disorders.
3. Describe the characteristics of each nail diseases and disorders.

and understanding of the topic, nail diseases and disorders.
Out More
1. What are the common nail diseases and disorders?
2. How can nail diseases and disorders be prevented?
_________1. Bacteria, fungi, and virus can cause paronychia.
_________2. A green discoloration is a by-product of bacterial infection called Pseudomonas.
_________3. Onychogryposis makes the nail plate to become smaller.
_________4. Raw and scaly skin is evident in Psoriasis.
_________5. Blue nails is a disorder that is non-infectious and can be manicured.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to explain the cause of nail diseases and disorders, identify the different
nail diseases and disorders, and describe the characteristics of each nail diseases and disorders.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of nail diseases and disorders and its
prevention in your life as you explore the whole content of this topic.
NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Nail diseases are a pathological condition caused by infection, genetic, defect or environmental
stress. It affects part of an organ or system of an organization.
Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin which result from
bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green, yellow or black discoloration
of the nail, depending on the nature of the infection. The main course for infection is through damaged
cuticles and broken skin.
Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any portion of the nail unit and
can impact the appearance of the nail plate itself.
Some of the causes of nail disorders include the following:
 Infections (such as paronychia, warts, and green nail syndrome)
 Injuries
 Internal diseases (such as certain lung diseases , which can cause yellow nail
syndrome)
 Nail fungus (onychomycosis)
 Structural problems (such as ingrown toenail)
Abnormalities of the fingernail:
Some changes in your nails are due to medical conditions that need attention. See your doctor if
you have any of these symptoms:
 Discoloration (dark streaks, white streaks, or changes in nail color)
 Changes in nail shape (curling or clubbing)
 Changes in nail thickness (Thickening or thinning)
 Nails that become brittle
 Bleeding around nails
 Swelling or redness around nails
 Pain around nails
 A nail separating from the skin
Healthy nails appear smooth and have consistent coloring. As you age, you may develop vertical
ridges, or your nails may be a bit more brittle. This is harmless. Spots due to injury should grow out with
the nail.
Your toenails and fingernails protect the tissues of your toes and fingers. They are made up of
layers of a hardened protein called keratin, which is also in your hair and skin. The health of your nails
can be a clue to your overall health. Healthy nails are smooth and consistent in color. Specific types of
nail discoloration and changes in growth can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well
as diabetes and anemia.
Nail problems that sometimes require treatment:
1. Bacterial and fungal infections
2. Ingrown nails
3. Tumors
4. Warts
Keeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not remove
the cuticle, which can cause infection.
Given below is a list of the few important nail diseases and disorders and their characteristics.
NAIL DISORDERS CHARACTERISTICS
Blue nails It is bluish in color, may be attributed to poor
blood circulation or heart disorder.
Brittle nails It is a vertical splitting or separation of the nail

plate layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail
plate. Over exposure to detergent soap and
other
Chemical solvents may attribute to the effect.
Bruised nails It shows dark purplish (almost black or brown)

spots in the nail. This is usually due to injury
and bleeding of the nail bed. As the nail grows,
dried blood in the nail bed will also go out.
Eggshell nails The nail plate separates from the nail bed and
curves at the free edge. It may be caused by
chronic illness of the systemic or nervous
origin.
Furrows These are long ridges that run either

lengthwise or across the nail. Some lengthwise
ridges are normal in adults. These ridges
increase with age and can also be caused by
psoriasis, poor circulation and frostbite. Ridges
that run across the nail are caused by high
fevers, pregnancy & measles.
Hangnails It is a condition in which the cuticle splits
around the nail. Carelessness in removing the
cuticle, dryness, cutting off too much may
result in hangnails. It may cause infection if
not treated.
Leconychia or White spot appears frequently in the nails.
white spot They may be caused by injury to the base of
the nail. As the nail continues to grow, these
white spots
eventually disappear
Pterygium It is an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to

the surfaces of nail plate. Carefully remove the
adhering growth by means of a cuticle nipper.
Onychatrophia It is describe as wasting away of the nail. The
nail loses its luster, shrinks and falls This can
be caused by injury to the nail matrix or by
internal disease.
Onychauxis It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in

or hypertrophy thickness rather than length. It is caused by an
internal imbalance, such as local infection or
heredity.
Onychophagy It is a deformity of nail plate caused by biting
or bitten nail nails. It is an acquired nervous habit which
prompts the individual to chew the nail or the
hardened cuticle.
Onychorrhexis It refers to split or brittle nails caused by an

or split or brittle injury to the finger, careless filing of the nails,
nails excessive use of cuticle solvents and nail
polish removers. The nails may be extremely
dry because of some granular disorder.
Ridges It is caused by uneven growth of the nails,

usually resulting from illness. Buffing the nails
with paste polish will help remove ridges.
Treating cuts It is caused by an accident during manicure

service. Apply an antiseptic immediately. Do
not apply nail polish on the affected area
NAIL DISEASES CHARACTERISTICS

Onychomycosis It is an infectious disease caused by a
vegetable parasite. The onset of the disease
takes about two to three months and the attack
is rarely on more than one or two nails. The
appearance of the nail is frayed (worn out),
brittle with furrowed surface, opaque, grayish,
or yellowish in color and is lifted-up by an
accumulation of epidermis underneath.
Onychia Is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of
the nail fold and nail bed (matrix). It results
from the introduction of microscopic pathogen
through small wounds.
Onychocryptosis It is referred to ingrown nails which affect the

fingers and toenails. It is marked by nail
growth into surrounding tissues and may cause
infection. Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails
are often responsible for ingrown nails.
Onychoptosis It is the periodic shedding of one or more nails,

either in the whole or in part. This condition
maybe a symptom of a more alarm disease
such as syphilis or can result from fever,
trauma
systematic upset or adverse reaction to drug
Onycholysis It refers to the detachment of the nail from the
nail bed, starting at its distal and/or lateral
attachment. The most common cause of
onycholysis is psoriasis
Onychogryphosis It pertains to extreme thickening curvature of

or claw nails the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree
of hyperkeratosis (skin disease in which the
skin gets thicker) on the distal portion of the
nail bed that detaches and lifts the plate off the
bed
Paronychia Paronychia is a skin infection around the
fingernails or toenails. It usually affects the
skin at the base (cuticle) or up the sides of the
nail.
Pseudomonas The nail is usually not painful; however the

skin around the nail, including the cuticle, may
be swollen, tender, or red. Green nail
syndrome is caused by bacteria called
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium
flourishes in wet environments, such as
jacuzzis, contact lens solution, sinks, and bath
sponges.
Fungal or Yeast Fungal nail infections are caused by various
Infection fungal organisms (fungi). The most common
cause is a type of fungus called dermatophyte.
Yeast and molds also can cause nail infections.
Fungal nail infection can develop in people at
any age, but it's more common in older adults.
Tinea Unguis Tinea unguium is a common type of fungal
infection. It is also called onychomycosis. The
fungus infects the fingernails and, more
commonly, the toenails. It's more common in
men, older adults, and people who have
diabetes, psoriasis, peripheral vascular disease,
or another health problem that weakens the
immune system.
Pterygium Pterygium is a disorder characterized by an
overgrowth of the proximal nail fold onto the
nail bed. Pterygium is derived from a Greek
word, pterygion, which means “little wing” or
“fin.” It is also referred to as wing-like. By
definition, pterygium forms if there is scar
tissue in the nail matrix.

1. What are the common nail diseases and disorders?
o The common nail diseases and disorders are Nail fungus or onychomycosis,
Psoriasis of the nail, Lichen planus of the nail, Onycholysis, Paronychia,
Onychorrhexis, onychoschizia, or brittle nail syndrome, and Pseudomonas nail
infection.
2. How can nail diseases and disorders be prevented?
o Practicing good hygiene and changing your habits may prevent certain causes of
nail disorders. If you have diabetes, it is especially important to take care of your
nails. Try to break the habits of biting, picking, or rubbing at your nails. Keep your
nails clean and dry as often as possible.
Nail diseases are a pathological condition caused by infection, genetic, defect or

environmental stress. It affects part of an organ or system of an organization.
Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin which result
from bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green, yellow or black
discoloration of the nail, depending on the nature of the infection. The main course for
infection is through damaged cuticles and broken skin.
Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any portion of the nail
unit and can impact the appearance of the nail plate itself.
Some of the causes of nail disorders include the following:
 Infections (such as paronychia, warts, and green nail syndrome)
 Injuries
 Internal diseases (such as certain lung diseases , which can cause yellow
nail syndrome)
 Nail fungus (onychomycosis)
 Structural problems (such as ingrown toenail)
The common nail diseases and disorders are Nail fungus or onychomycosis, Psoriasis
of the nail, Lichen planus of the nail, Onycholysis, Paronychia, Onychorrhexis,
onychoschizia, or brittle nail syndrome, and Pseudomonas nail infection.
Keeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not
remove the cuticle, which can cause infection.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 6 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Short response: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following question briefly and substantially.
1. Why do we need to be careful with our nails?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. As a student, how to maintain clean and healthy nails?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criterion 3 2 1
Content and All the concepts learned in Almost all the concepts Few concepts in Nails
Accuracy Nails are accurately used learned in Nails are are used in the essay.
in the essay. accurately used in the essay.
Mini Task/s:
Create a slogan or poster showing the prevention of any nail diseases or nail disorders.
Rubric:
Content All information Required Required
on the slogan orinformation on information on
poster is accurate
the slogan or the slogan or
and presented inposter is poster is
logical order. presented presented but not
logically. Some in a logical
details are manner.
missing.
of the texts and
graphics.
TOTAL
Comment/s:
WEEK 7: BASIC NAIL DESIGNS
The learner demonstrates understanding in creating basic nail
Content Standard
designs.
Performance Standard The learner independently create basic nail designs.
Create basic nail designs
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
B. Online links:
o Basic nail design retrieve from https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-44.html
TOPIC: BASIC NAIL DESIGN
INTRODUCTION:
Nails are the most cared part of our body today. People, especially women, find time to do some
arts on their nails. Creating nail design nowadays can be considered as a fashion statement among
women. Different nail art designs have been discovered day by day different talented nail technicians.
Nail art design become more popular as women give too much effort and spend more time and
even money to have beautiful nails. There are three methods often used in making nail art designs.
These are the nail art stickers, free hand drawing using nail polish and airbrushing.
1. Explain manicure and pedicure.
2. Identify the steps in practicing Manicure and Pedicure.
3. Describe basic nail designs.
4. Create your own nail design.

and understanding of the topic, basic nail design.
Out More
1. What is the difference between Manicure and Pedicure?
2. Why is Nail Care important?
Directions: Read each item carefully. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence.
1. ______ is done with the aid of small stencil placed over the nail and designed nails through air brush.
2. ______ become more popular as women give too much effort and spend more time and even money
to have beautiful nails.
3. Plain manicure is the _________ type of nail design which is done by applying the nail polish to the
entire nail plate.
4. To give a professional _________ all rules of sanitation must be followed.
5. A ________ is a way to improve the appearance of the feet and the nails.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
In this lesson, you are going to explain manicure and pedicure, identify the steps in practicing
Manicure and Pedicure, describe basic nail designs, and create your own nail design.
You will be given an opportunity to learn the significance of basic nail design in your life as you
explore the whole content of this topic.
When talking about a manicure and pedicure, the most obvious difference is the location of the
body in which both take place.
A manicure refers to the curation and care of a client’s hands and a pedicure refers to the
curation and care of a client’s feet. This includes skincare, nail care, and artificial nail enhancements that
can be customized to a variety of preferences.
What are the mental benefits of getting a manicure or pedicure?
There is more to manicures and pedicures than the physical condition and the visual look of
your nails. Sometimes going to the spa or salon is about taking some time out to focus on yourself. This
includes self-care, relaxation, confidence, and expression.
Manicures and pedicures are a great way to give yourself some time away from stress and
pressure. Having a regularly scheduled break from your
demanding life is healthy. Nail care can help you relaxed, give
you a boost of confidence, and allow you to express your style and
attitude in greater detail.
Manicure and pedicure are one of the best ways to keep
your nails look healthy and beautiful. This aide in the development
of your nails. Having these treatments once in a while is a must for
both man and woman. Since we use our hands all day long while
working in an office or at home, we need to take proper care of them.
Here are some great benefit of manicures and pedicures:
1. Increase in the blood circulation and enhances the mobility of the joints.
2. Enhances the well-being of your nails.
3. De-stress
4. Keeps hand and feet smooth and delicate
5. Healthy skin
6. Contagious infections
7. Mental well-being
Procedures for a Plain Manicure:
1. Preparation
 Prepare manicure table
 Select and arrange required sanitized implements, cosmetics and materials.
 Ask the patron to sit.
 Wash your hands.
 Examine the patron’s hands.
2. Procedures/steps
 Remove old nail polish- moisten a piece of cotton with the nail polish remover and press over the
nail for a few minutes to soften the polish.
 Shape nail-discuss with the patron the nail shape best suited for him/her,
 Soften cuticle- immerse left and right hand into finger bowl for softening.
 Dry fingertips- holding towel with both hands, carefully dry the left and right hands including the
area between the fingers.
 Apply cuticle remover- wind a thin layer of cotton around the blunt edge of an orangewood stick
or use as an applicator.
 Loosen cuticle- use the spoon end of the cuticle pusher to gently loosen the cuticle.
 Clean under free-edge- use cotton tipped orangewood stick, dip in soapy water and clean under
free-edge from the center forward each side with gentle pressure.
 Trim cuticle- if necessary, use cuticle nippers or scissors to remove dead cuticle, hangnails or
uneven cuticle.
 Apply cuticle oil/cream-around the sides and base of the nail and massage with the thumb in a
rotary movement.
 Cleanse nails- brush nail in soap bath with downward movement to clean nails and finger both
hands.
 Dry hands and nails thoroughly.
 Treat nails and cuticle of right hands as described under steps 4-11.
3. Completion
 Bevel the nails- carefully re-examine the nails for defects. Use fine side of emery board to give
the nails smooth beveled edge.
 Apply base coat- with long strokes to the left hand, starting with the little fingers working
towards the thumbs.
 Apply liquid polish- dip the camel’s hair brush into the polish and wipe the excess by pressing it
gently against the sides of the bottles. Apply the polish lightly and quickly, using sweeping
strokes from the base to the free edge of the nail.
 Remove excess polish- dip cotton tipped orangewood stock into nail polish remover.
 Apply hand lotion- apply hand lotion with light manipulations over the hands from wrist to
finger tips.
A pedicure is a way to improve the appearance of the feet and the
nails. It provides a similar service to a manicure/ the word pedicure
refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. A
pedicure can help prevent nail diseases and disorders. Pedicures are
done cosmetic, therapeutic and medical purposes.
I. Preparations
 Arrange the required equipment, implements and materials.
 Ask the patron to sit on the pedi-chair, assist him/her in removing shoes.
 Place her feet on a clean paper towel on foot rest.
 Wash your hands.
II. Procedures/Steps:
 Remove old polish from the nails of both feet.
 File nails of left foot with emery board. Shape the nails straight across. Do not cut or file corners
of nails, smooth rough edges with fine side of emery board.
 Shape nails of right and left foot.
 With cotton tipped orangewood stock, apply cuticle solvent to the cuticle under the free edge of
the toe nail.
 Loosen the cuticle gently on right and left foot. Do not use too much pressure. Avoid the use of
metal pusher.
 Do not cut the cuticle, nip only any large ragged hangnail.
 Massage each toe with cuticle cream or oil.
 Repeat the steps 1-7 for the right foot.
BASIC NAIL ART DESIGN
Nail stickers, also termed as nail decals, are considered to be the simplest nail art designs that
are being used. This is done by placing stickers on bare or polished nails. Nail stickers come in different
designs and can often be more detailed than any other types of nail art.
Airbrushing is another method of making nail art designs. This is done by nail technician with
the aid of a small stencil placed over the nail and designing nails through the airbrush. This method is
most common on gel or acrylic nails but can also be used on natural nails.
Painted freehand nail art designs use nail polish in a bottle or nail polish pen. Through free hand
nail art design, a talented nail technician can make various nail art design.
A. The plain manicure
Plain manicure is the traditional type of nail design which is done by
applying nail polish to the entire nail plate.
B. Half-Moon
Half-moon is a style that involves applying of nail polish over the whole nail plate except
the area of lunula.
Steps in giving Half-moon nail design
1. Apply base coat
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
3. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the nail following the shape of the lunula.
Repeat the application of the nail polish if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish from the skin.
5. Apply top coat.
C. Half- Moon with Tip

It involves the application of colored polish over the whole nail plate except the area of
lunula and tip of the nail.
Steps in Giving Half-moon with Tip
1. Apply base coat
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry
3. Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side of the nail to form a half-moon, leaving the
lunula of the nail Leave the part of the free edge. The free edge should be seen as in fig 5. Repeat the
application of nail polish if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish
5. Apply top
coat.
D. French Manicure or Tip design
It is a design which involves the application of colored polish over the whole part of the
nail except the area of the free-edge.
Steps in giving French Manicure-Variation no. 1
1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
3. Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side of the nail following the shape of the free-
edge. Repeat the application of nail polish if necessary
4. Remove excess polish
5. Apply top coat.
E. French Manicure or Tip design - Variation no. 2
It involves the application of white nail polish or
colored polish on the tips and coating the rest of the nail with a
sheer polish. It’s suitable for short nails and those with
moderate length of nails
Steps in giving French manicure-Variation no. 2
1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes
2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.
3. With the use of white or colored nail polish, draw a thin line over the tip of the nail following the
shape of the free edge of the nail. Apply second coating if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Apply top coat.
F. Elephant Tusk
Elephant tusk is a style that involves the application of nail
polish to create S curve, leaving a slightly larger gap along the nail
walls.
Steps in making Elephant Tusk:
a) Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
b) Apply colored nail polish creating a half circle design at the inner side of the nail as you continue it to
form S-like.
c) Fill up the other side to complete the design.
d) Remove excess polish.
e) Seal with a top coat.
Other Nail Art Designs:

1. Dots and Water Drops
When you’ve got a French manicure, you can add a design to it
using a colored polish. You can have the dots or water drops bordered at
the lower or upper part of your fingernails. Dots made from silver polish
can appear like drops of water thus it can make the design more attractive
and elegant.
2. Flowers and Butterflies

French manicure with clear base and white nail tip
could look better when added with designs such as flowers
and butterflies. These designs are commonly done using
fainted colors like pink, lemon yellow, silver, gold, white,
and blue.
3. Lines and Glitters

Vertical or horizontal lines can also make designs on your
manicured nails. These designs can be made from colored nail polish or
glitters for a more prominent look. Lines and glitters are also designed
with French manicure. This is done by using a glitter nail polish instead
of a common clear polish. Lines and glitters are not only limited to
vertical and horizontal lines. Different shapes and designs can also be
made from them like stars and hearts.

1. What is the difference between Manicure and Pedicure?
o A manicure refers to the curation and care of a client's hands while a pedicure
refers to the curation and care of a client's feet. This includes skincare, nail care,
and artificial nail enhancements that can be customized to a variety of preferences.
2. Why is Nail Care important?
o Nail care, the maintenance of the fingernails and toenails, is important for health as
well as cosmetic reasons. Good nail care can prevent fungus infections of the nail,
painful ingrown fingernails and toenails, and infections of the skin in the hands
and feet.
A manicure refers to the curation and care of a client’s hands and a pedicure refers to
the curation and care of a client’s feet. This includes skincare, nail care, and artificial nail
enhancements that can be customized to a variety of preferences.
Manicures and pedicures are a great way to give yourself some time away from stress
and pressure. Having a regularly scheduled break from your demanding life is healthy. Nail
care can help you relaxed, give you a boost of confidence, and allow you to express your style
and attitude in greater detail.
A pedicure is a way to improve the appearance of the feet and the nails. It provides a
similar service to a manicure/ the word pedicure refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the
feet and toenails. A pedicure can help prevent nail diseases and disorders. Pedicures are done
cosmetic, therapeutic and medical purposes.
Nail art design become more popular as women give too much effort and spend more
time and even money to have beautiful nails. There are three methods often used in making
nail art designs. These are the nail art stickers, free hand drawing using nail polish and
airbrushing.
Basic Nail Art Design:
 Plain Manicure
 Half-moon
 Half-moon with tip
 French Manicure or Tip design
 French Manicure or Tip design - Variation no. 2
 Elephant Tusk
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 7 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Directions: Identify the following nail designs: Write your answer on the blank before each number.
__________1. It is the traditional application of nail polish to the entire nail plate.
__________2. It involves the application of colored polish over the whole nail plate except the area of
lunula and tip of the toe nail.
__________3. It is a style that involves applying of nail polish over the whole nail plate except the area
of lunula.
__________4. It is a style that involves the application of nail polish to create S curve, leaving a slightly
lager gap along the nail walls.
__________5. It is a design which involves the application of colored polish over the whole part of the
nail except the area of the free-edge.
__________6. These designs are commonly done using fainted colors.
__________7. It is considered as the simplest nail art designs.
__________8. It is a basic nail art design which is ideal for those with short nails and moderate length.
__________9. A way to improve the appearance of the feet and the nails.
__________10. The curation and care of a client’s hands and fingernails.
Performance Tasks:
Direction:
 Create your own five (5) nail art design.
 Sketch your nail art design on the box below.
 Use disposable spoon, Cardboard (“karton”) in creating your own nail art design.
 Be guided with the sample images above.
Rubric:
Content All information
Required Required
on the drawing
and output are
the drawing and the drawing and
accurate and
output are output are
presented in
presented presented but not
logical order.
logically. Some in a logical
details are manner.
missing.
of the texts and
graphics.
TOTAL
Comment/s:

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FOURTH QUARTER MODULE

God bless and let’s get it on! 

WEEK 1: NAIL CARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

TOPIC: NAIL CARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Cuticle Nipper An implement used to cut the cuticles.

Cuticle Scissor An implement to cut stubborn cuticles.

Finger or Manicure A small bowl used for soaking the fingers to

Foot file Made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on

Mixing bowl A small open-top, rounded cup-like container

Nail Buffer An implement used for smoothening and

Orangewood Stick An implement with pointed and rounded ends to

Pedicure Nail Brush A tool used to remove cosmetics and cleanse

Plastic Container For Cotton is a small receptacle where cotton

Pumice Stone A type of volcanic rock, which is actually frothy

Supply Tray A flat container that holds the necessary

Trolley A wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used

Antiseptic Solution An agent that reduces or prevents the

Apron An outer protective garment that covers primarily

Assorted Colored Nail A lacquer applied on fingernails and toenails to

Base Coat A clear layer of polish applied to the nail plate

Bleaching Soap A soap formulated to whiten the skin.

Cotton A soft white downy fiber for dubbing or cleaning

Cuticle Oil A mixture of fats and waxes containing lanolin

Cuticle Remover A liquid used to soften nail cuticles and prepare

Disinfectant An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical,

Emery board A wooden, sand paper-like stick with a fine

Foot Scrub A mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet soft,

Garbage bins/bags Plastic disposable bags or trash receptacles used

Lotion Any of various cosmetic preparations that are

Manicure pillow A hand cushion that helps a client to keep her

Nail Hardener A liquid applied to the nails to form a protective

Nail Polish Remover An organic solvent used to dissolve old polish on

Quick Dry A liquid applied to colored nail polish to dry

Solvent A substance used to thin out the nail polish when

Towel An absorbent cloth for drying the hands and feet.

Wet Sanitizer A substance or preparation for killing germs.

Sterilizer is an equipment in a salon used for sterilizing metal implements to kill

Paraffin Machine- This is actually used during manicure/pedicure procedures. It is a

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/ Synthesis/ Summary

DBES LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET/GAWAING PAGKATUTO

Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

9. First aid kit-

10. Nail polish-

WEEK 2: PERFORM BASIC PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MAINTENANCE

The learner demonstrates understanding in maintaining tools and

TOPIC: PERFORM BASIC PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MAINTENANCE

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Glass Bead Sterilizer Machine A glass bead is done by keeping

What is the difference between disinfectant and antiseptic?

Preparation of Metals Implements for Sterilization

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/ Synthesis/ Summary