LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran

CMS ID: 54115

LAB NO. 01
INTRODUCTION TO POWER GENERATION LABORATORY
EQUIPMENT

Objective:
 To learn about the lab equipment which will be used in power generation lab.
Equipment:
 Variable DC power supply
 3 phase AC power supply (constant)
 3 phase AC Variable power supply
 PCB
 Synchronoscope
 Synchronization Indicator
 Switchable capacitor battery
 Moving coil ammeter
 Double frequency meter
 Double voltmeter
Introduction:
Generation is the core of the power industry, involving the conversion of primary energy like
fossil fuels, uranium, and water kinetic energy into electrical energy. The process varies
depending on the power generator's technology. Mainstream generation technologies include
hydroelectric facilities, internal combustion or combustion turbine facilities, and steam
generation facilities. Alternative electric generation can include prime movers powered by
wind, sun, or renewable fuels like bio-mass or solid waste.

Hydroelectric facilities use the kinetic energy of falling water to create electricity, but they
have limited technical applicability and high capital costs. Internal combustion engines and
turbines are unique and limited types of generation facilities, burning fossil fuels to create
mechanical energy for electric generators. They have low capital costs but high operating costs.

The traditional steam generator, which uses fossil fuels to heat water in a boiler, drives an
electricity generator. Nuclear power is a special case of the steam generator, using uranium and
nuclear fission to create steam. Although they have high capital costs, their operating costs are
lower than combustion turbines.

Alternative-fuel generators, such as solar photovoltiac and thermal applications, wind-powered

applications, and waste agricultural byproducts, have traditionally played a small role in the
overall generation portfolio of utilities in the United States due to their high cost and limited
capacity.
 LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran
CMS ID: 54115

Variable DC power supply:

A variable DC power supply is a DC power supply that allows the users to easily adjust the
output voltage and current via potentiometers or a computer interface. It is also known as an
adjustable dc power supply.

Fig.1.0. Variable DC power supply

3 phase AC power supply:

Three-phase power is a three-wire ac power circuit with each phase ac signal 120 electrical
degrees apart. Residential homes are usually served by a single-phase power supply, while
commercial and industrial facilities usually use a three-phase supply.

Fig.1.1. 3 phase power supply

 LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran
CMS ID: 54115

3 Phase AC Variable Power Supply:

Three-phase power is a three-wire ac power circuit with each phase ac signal 120 electrical
degrees apart. Residential homes are usually served by a single-phase power supply, while
commercial and industrial facilities usually use a three-phase supply.

Fig.1.2.power supply

Power Circuit Breaker:

The Three-Phase Circuit Breaker is a three-pole magnetic control circuit device that provides
the following function.
Disconnect Switch: It provides a means whereby the conductors of a circuit can be isolated
from their source of power. A single toggle handle operates all three poles. When used in this
manner it is also called a safety or isolating switch.
Circuit Protector: It provides reliable circuit overload protection. The structure consists of three
single poles, each rated at 5 A, assembled with an internal mechanical interlock which actuates
all units simultaneously, opening each line conductor. The single toggle handle moves to the
off position on overload, and cannot be forced to close until the overload is removed. It is said
to be "trip-free".
Manual Control Switch: Its special time-delay series tripping characteristics, and high
rupturing current capacity, make it useful as a direct motor on-off control switch, when used
within its ratings. It may also be called a motor-circuit switch.

Fig 1.3.PCB
 LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran
CMS ID: 54115

Synchronoscope:
An instrument called a synchronoscope is used to compare the frequency and phase of two
electrical systems, usually power lines or generators. By showing the relative positions of their
rotating phasor diagrams, it gives a visual indicator of the synchronization between the systems.
In order to safely connect or synchronize the systems, operators can use this to assess whether
the systems are in sync. Power plants, substations, and electrical distribution systems frequently
use synchronoscopes.

Fig.1.4. Synchronoscope

Synchronization Indicator:
A synchronization indicator is a device that provides a visual or audible indication of whether
two electrical systems or components are in sync or not.

Fig.1.5. Synchronization Indicator

 LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran
CMS ID: 54115

Switchable capacitor battery:

A switchable capacitor battery is a device that combines the functionality of a capacitor and a
battery. It consists of a bank of capacitors and a battery pack that can be selectively switched
between charging and discharging modes. This allows for the rapid storage and release of
electrical energy, providing high power output when needed. The switchable capacitor battery
is designed to provide a balance between the high power density of capacitors and the high
energy density of batteries, making it suitable for applications requiring both high power and
energy storage capabilities.

Fig.1.6. Switchable capacitor battery

Moving coil ammeter:

The moving coil Ammeter is defined as the process of measuring both current such as
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). This ammeter’s coil moves independently
between the poles of the permanent magnet. When current flows through the coil, it begins to
deflect from the coil at a specific angle.

Fig.1.7 Moving coil ammeter

 LAB MANUAL POWER GENERATION Name: M Kamran
CMS ID: 54115

Double frequency meter:

A double frequency meter is a device that measures the frequency of an electrical signal at half
the actual frequency. It is used in applications with high-frequency signals where it is more
convenient or accurate to measure at half the frequency. It operates by dividing the input signal
by two and providing a measurement of the divided signal. This allows for more accurate and
reliable frequency measurements in high-frequency applications.

Fig.1.8. Double frequency meter

Double voltmeter:
A double voltmeter is a device used to measure the voltage of two separate electrical circuits
simultaneously. It typically consists of two separate voltage measuring circuits or displays that
can be used to measure and display the voltage of two different sources or points in a circuit.
This allows for convenient and efficient voltage monitoring in applications where multiple
voltage measurements are required. The double voltmeter can be used in various fields such as
electrical engineering, electronics, and power distribution to ensure accurate voltage
measurements and monitor the health and performance of different circuits or systems.

Fig.1.8. Double voltmeter