Uses Of Cobotics In Smart Industry
NANVOU NGOUFACK Herdal
University Of Evry Val d’Essonne
URF Department of Sciences and Technology
Master’s Student In Industrial Robotic
Abstract—Cobotics is a new form of robotics in which the
collaboration between man and robot is emphasized. It ensures
the safety of workers through the standards that govern it and
that are strictly respected by robot manufacturing companies.
It also ensures the optimization of production systems because
of their flexibility for industrial applications. With the advent of
Industry 4.0, this new way of doing robotics is finding more and
more place in industries by bringing considerable advantages.
Its usefulness is more and more in demand in various fields and
for very specific industrial tasks.
Index Terms—Cobotic, industry 4.0, uses, Applications and
Examples.
I. INTRODUCTION
The world of industry is moreover demanding in terms of
optimal process solutions, the use of cobotics in Industry 4.0
does not remain on a leash, however The rise of technologies
has led industrialists to adapt and encourage solutions that
offer flexibility and interaction between the operator and the
robot.the essential principle of cobotics rests on the collabo-
ration with the operator, which puts an end to the exhausting
and risky work for the workers. To better approach our subject,
we will develop in a general way the concept of cobotics and
insisting on its use in a more concrete way in the industry
4.0 by passing the description of the more it brings and the
advantages resulting from its integration in the smart industry.
II. DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS
A. COBOTICS
At the very beginning, the robots set up were specific for
a single task and when the process had to be changed, a
lot of design and programming work still had to be done
to adapt the robot to the new function: this was rather time-
consuming and required a lot of financial resources from the
manufacturers. And although robots help humans in painful
and tiring tasks, there was a problem of robot adaptation, hence
the arrival of cobotics [1] Cobotics, or collaborative robotics,
puts humans in interaction with the robot, which can act in a
direct and/or remotely operated way for a specific final ideal.
In this new way of doing robotics, the human teaches the robot
the function to perform and once ready, the robot is operational
for its function. Since its reprogramming is easy, this makes
it easier to adapt it to various applications [1]. Cobotics is
governed by very specific elements that are strictly respected
by manufacturers of collaborative robots, they range from the
quality of the material used at the time of manufacture to
safety precautions.Humans and robots can now share the same
workspace without the risk of insecurity as with older classical
robots [2].
Cobotics in the broadest sense of the term encompasses
mobile robot cobotics, industrial robot cobotics, intelligent
drones such as those used for deliveries [3].
In order to better communicate with its environment, the
cobot needs advanced techniques in terms of data exchange
architecture and as cobotics was born at the time when
the industry 4.0 is in full swing, the pooling of the two
technologies forms a super optimal couple for some industrial
applications.
a) SPECIFICITIES : ”SAFETY”: The safety issue of
collaborative industrial robots is partly responsible for the safe
interaction of humans with the robot in a common space. The
forms of safety that exist on the cobots are the following [4]:
• 1st security: the robot stops at the sudden contact of one
of its parts with the human in order to avoid any collision.
different tasks in the same common space.
• 2nd security: the collaborative robot moves easily when
it is moved away from its position due to the application
of a force on a part of its body by the operator. different
tasks in the same common space.
• 3rd security: when the robot’s end-effector makes sudden
contact with a body or object, it immediately retracts to
minimize damage. different tasks in the same common
space.
• 4th security: this is to control the robot through a model
that allows the operator to control the movements and
orientations of the robot.
B. SMART INDUSTRY
Industry is defined as the set of techniques that allow
the transformation of raw materials into finished or semi-
finished products. In a logic of optimization of manufacturing
processes, manufacturers have introduced collaborative robots
in their manufacturing chain and therefore to ensure mobil-
ity, intelligent networking [5], flexibility, rapid integration,
Industry 4.0 was born as the fourth industrial revolution and
allows not only inter-connectivity and remote operation but
also guarantees data security on a production line. [6]
III. ADVANTAGES AND USES
In order to better appreciate the importance of my cobotics
in Industry 4.0, we will analyze the contribution of the
pooling of cobotics and Industry 4.0 in the industrial processes
of task automation. Smart industry comes with a new way
of communicating equipment through the use of advanced
communication protocols, efficient and facilitates the work
in companies especially by the speed of transfer during
data exchange, and also by reducing congestion. In terms of
communication protocols the most used are among others,
ETHERNET, Modbus, Profibus and many others with the sole
purpose of linking the different components of an industrial
cell [7].it is in this logic that some cobots, in particular
those of universal robot, are equipped with ports facilitating
the connectivity with these communication protocols. at the
same time the exchange of data between the cobot and its
environment requires the use of a powerful network such as
4G which guarantees a good flow and a considerable speed of
transmission.In the same launch, the new forms of connection
of machines make easier the use of the cobots in company. we
can quote here for example the IoT [7].Virtual reality is often
used to facilitate and improve the precision when programming Fig. 1. collaboration between operator an Augmented reality to simplify
the trajectory of the cobots [2]. trajectory programmation

IV. APPLICATIONS
les applications du couble cobot-smart industrie sont multi- [10].Using RA, we can make calculations and efficiently
ples et varie en fonction des taches pour plus d’information lire transmit all the data collected from the virtual environment
[8].Il trouve sa plce aussi bien en industrie que dans d’autres Before launching a task in real space, AR can provide a
domaines. cependant nous pouvons ennumeré les applications projection of the possible output in virtual space as shown
suivantes: in the following work [11] applied to FANUC R2000 model.
• Control with super-assistance: the cobot and the operator
a) EXEMPLE: The German Aerospace Center (DVL)
are in cooperation and the operator can simultaneously developed an intelligent programming method using anthro-
control and command the cobot to perform a certain task. pomorphic gloves and augmented reality helmet. The test
• Remote control: this is the typical case where the cobotic
was performed on a two-armed kuka robot by an operator
system is remotely controlled via an interface such as connected to the system as shown in the figure below MIT
drones.
• Autonomous systems: the operator is only useful to
establish the calibration of the system which is set in
advance to carry out a specific task or trajectory, as in
the case of autonomous cars.
• Control with assistance: it is applied in teleoperation or
in situations of social interaction, we talk about service
robotics such as elderly assistance robot or restaurant
reception robot.
A. THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY FOR INTELLI-
GENT PROGRAMMING TRAJECTORY
Augmented reality is component of Industry 4.0, in this part
we will deal with their use in programming the trajectories Fig. 2. The use of augmented reality and at the same time anthropomorphic,
of collaborative robots. Here the operator interacts with the sensory glove (on the right hand) for intelligent programming of a two-armed
cobot via a virtual environment that is based precisely on an cobot with a ten-finger gripper, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
e.V. (DLR)
existential CAD model of the elements of the entire robotic
cell [9], [10].In next? an interconnection of the augmented is also working on projects of this scale, which involve the
system with the programming environment is required to integration of virtual and augmented reality into industrial
allow the operator to visualize and control his actions and integration processes and other applications.
thus optimize the programming of the trajectories with more
precision. B. TELEOPERATION
This type of process is useful for certain industrial ap- This other method puts the operator in a main position
plications such as dangerous and delicate surgery, for risky where he commands and controls the cobot remotely via
military interventions but especially in certain positions in the interconnected systems. In some cases, the central system has
automotive industry for more information see the document a visualization block in order to have a real time status of the
process or task. Here, the robot is completely set in motion
under the induction of the operator, as in the case of difficult
surgical operations or risky military interventions.the data
sending requires a constant connection of the equipment.as an
example, DA VINCHI’s remotely operated robot illustrates the
medical application of cobotics using Industry 4.0, operational
since 2010, has been highly appreciated.The robot is composed
of one or more arms equipped with camera and / or other
devices and control is done from a control desk that gives the
possibility to view the operation in real time and therefore to
follow the operation knowing that the data and control of the
robot is done via the Internet. The global system is made up
of a set of sensors that communicate with each other.
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