Prepared by Ma.

Carmen Cano
- Number of moles of the solution of a
CHAPTER 3 chemical species X is the number of moles
IMPORTANT CHEMICAL CONCEPTS: of the solute species that is contained in
EXPRESSING QUANTITIES AND one liter of the solution (not one liter of the
CONCENTRATION solvent)
- Aka molarity M, has dimensions of mol L-1
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI)
PHYSICAL NAME OF ABBREVIATIONS ANALYTICAL MOLARITY
QUANTITY UNIT - Total number of moles of solute in 1L of the
Mass Kilogram kg solution, or alternatively, the total number of
Length Meter m millimoles in 1 mL
Temperature Kelvin K
Time Second s EQUILIBRIUM MOLARITY
Amount of Mole mol - Aka species molarity, expresses the molar
substance
concentration of a particular species in a
Electric current Ampere A
luminous Candela cd
solution at equilibrium
intensity
PREFIXES FOR UNITS PERCENT CONCENTRATION
PREFIX ABBREVIATION MULTIPLIER - Express concentrations in terms of percent
Giga- G 109 (parts per hundred)
 WEIGHT PERCENT – express concentrations
Mega- M 106
of commercial aqueous reagents
Kilo- k 103
 VOLUME PERCENT – concentration of
Deci- d 10-1
solution prepared by diluting a pure liquid
Centi- c 10-2 solute with another liquid.
Milli- m 10-3  WEIGHT/VOLUME PERCENT – composition
Micro- µ 10-6 of dilute aqueous
Nano- n 10-9
Pico- p 10-12
Femto- f 10-15
Atto- a 10-18
MOLE (mol)
- SI unit for the amount of a chemical species
- Avogrado’s number (6.022x1023)
- Molar mass (M) mass in grams of one mole PARTS PER MILLION AND PARTS PER
of the substance; summing the atomic BILLION – used for very dilute solution
masses of all the elements appearing in a
chemical formula
MILLIMOLE (mmol)
- More convenient than mole
- 1 mmol = 10-3 mol
MASS (m)
- Amount of matter
WEIGHT (W)
- Force of gravitational attraction between
that matter and earth
The masses for the elements are relative
masses in terms of atomic mass units (amu),
or daltons. The atomic mass unit is based on a
relative scale in which the reference is the C-
12 isotope, assigned a mass exactly 12 amu

SOLUTIONS AND THEIR CONCENTRATIONS

MOLAR CONCENTRATION