MHE RDG Wonders LVRDR G3 ELL U2W4 09

Expository
Text
by Karen Alexander
PAIRED
Penguins Go Global
READ
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Program: CR 14 Component: LR G3 U2 W4 E
Vendor: Learning Media Level: 28 PDF
STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension Vocabulary
Strategy: Reread caretakers, population,
Skill: Author’s Point of View recognize, relatives,
resources, success,
Vocabulary Strategy survive, threatened
Suffixes
Content Standards
ELL Vocabulary Science
depend, history Life Science
Word count: 1,029**
Photography Credit: Cover (t) John A. Karachewski, (c) John Klavitter/USFWS/USGS

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.
Send all inquiries to:

McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121
ISBN: 978-0-02-119274-8
MHID: 0-02-119274-X
Printed in the United States.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DOC 15 14 13 12 11 10
A
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Essential Question
How can people help animals survive?
by Karen Alexander
Chapter 1
Precious Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2
A Coral Wonderland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 3
Marine Nursery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 4
Animals and People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Respond to Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PAIRED
Penguins Go Global . . . . . . . . . 16
READ
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on Science . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
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CHAPTE R 1
Precious Islands
A grey reef shark swims through the
waters of Maro Reef. It hunts for prey.
Squirrelfish chase one another through
the coral. A seabird dives into the water.
007420 © James D. Watt Trust/SeaPics.com

It comes back up with a fish. A turtle
swims past, eating seaweed.
Squirrelfish swim
in the coral.
squirrelfish
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Marine National Monument
Midway Maro Reef

KEY
Atoll Lisianski Gardner
Marine
Island Pinnacles
No Necker National
rth Island Monument
we
s te
rn H border
awa
ii a n
I s la n d
s
Kure
Atoll Hawaii
Laysan
Pearl and French
Island
Hermes Frigate Nihoa
Atoll Raita Shoals Island
Bank
The NWHI National Monument is bigger than all the

national parks in the United States combined.
The Maro Reef is part of the Northwestern

Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). The islands stretch
across 1,500 miles (nearly 2,500 kilometers)
of the Pacific Ocean. Thousands of animals
live on and around the islands. Many of
the animals are threatened, or in danger
of becoming extinct. The islands, and the
ocean around the islands, are part of a
national monument. That means that the
islands and animals are protected, or kept safe.
3
The NWHI National Monument covers
140,000 square miles (363,000 square
kilometers). It is bigger than Missouri and
Oklahoma together. More than 7,000 kinds of
animals live in the NWHI National Monument.
About one fourth of the animals are endemic.
That means that they live only
in this place.
People don’t live

on the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands.
A Special Place
National monuments recognize places that
are important to history or nature. George
Washington’s home is a national monument.
The giant sequoias in California are a
national monument.
STOP AND CHECK
What can you find at the

John A. Karachewski
NWHI National Monument?
CHAPTE R 2
A Coral Wonderland
There are many protected coral reefs
in the NWHI monument. The reefs are full
of plants and animals. They are part of the
reef ecosystem.
Coral reefs are easily harmed. Pollution can

kill the coral. Overfishing is another threat. The
reefs need to maintain a balance of population.
The population of many large reef fish is
getting smaller. This can destroy the balance
of the population and the reef ecosystem.
Language The reefs are full of plants and animals

Detective is a combined sentence. Another way of

writing it is to say: The reefs are full of
plants. The reefs are full of animals.
Can you find another combined
sentence on this page?
coral
A fish swims
over coral.
The coral reefs in the NWHI monument are
carefully protected. People need permission to
visit the reefs. No one can remove any coral.
This helps to keep coral reefs healthy. No one
is allowed to fish on the coral reefs. So there
are many predators, such as the grey reef
shark, around the reefs in the monument.
It is important to protect the entire reef

because all of the reef animals depend on
each other to survive. Small changes can harm
the entire ecosystem.
Coral Is Alive!
Coral is made up of
millions of tiny animals
called polyps. Polyps
Darryl Leniuk/Lifesize/Getty Images
take calcium and turn it

into limestone. Then they
live in the limestone.
Corals have different shapes. Some corals look

like the branches of trees. Algae live in coral.
They give the coral its color.
For example, spectacled parrot fish are
herbivores. They eat sea plants. They use
sharp teeth to scrape algae off the coral.
This keeps the coral healthy. Large predators,
such as sharks, keep the fish population from
getting too big.
Did You Know?

Coral can’t move, so it produces chemicals
to defend itself. Scientists use some of the
chemicals to make new medicines.
STOP AND CHECK
How are the coral

reefs protected?
grey reef shark
CHAPTE R 3
Marine Nursery
Seabirds and turtles nest on the islands. The
monument protects the nesting places. Every
year, 14 million birds lay their eggs on the
islands. For some species of birds, the islands
are the only place in the world that they nest.
Laysan and black-footed albatrosses nest

on the islands. Short-tailed albatrosses have
started to nest there, too. They are relatives
of black-footed albatrosses.
Language Seabirds and turtles nest on

Detective the islands is a combined
John Klavitter/USFWS/USGS
sentence. Can you write it
as two separate sentences?
albatross
chick
wing
chick
Short-tailed albatrosses are the biggest

seabirds on the islands. Their bodies are
designed for the life they lead. With their
wings outstretched, these albatrosses measure
about seven feet. They glide by using the
wind to carry them. Gliding helps them to
conserve their energy. Short-tailed albatrosses
Morales/age fotostock/SuperStock
have wonderful eyesight. They catch fish by

diving into the water. These birds live at sea.
They only return to land to nest.
In Other Words how they live.

En español, the life they lead
quiere decir su estilo de vida.
Not Many Survivors

In the early 1900s, birds were killed for their
feathers. About five million short-tailed albatrosses
were killed. Only 50 young albatrosses survived
because they were out on the ocean.
9
Green Turtles
About 750 Hawaiian green turtles are alive
in the world. The development of coastal areas
threatens the survival of the turtles.
The French Frigate

A green turtle
Shoals in the monument lays its eggs.
is a protected nesting
area for these turtles.
Female turtles crawl
onto the beach at
night. They dig holes
in the sand with their flippers
flippers. Then they lay

their eggs. The eggs
all hatch together.
The hatchlings work
together to dig their eggs
way out of the nest.
Female turtles can get scared by people

walking on beaches. The female turtles may
not lay their eggs. Lights can confuse baby
Minden Pictures/SuperStock
turtles. They may not be able to find the

ocean. That is why it is important for turtles
to have a safe nesting area.
10
Did You Know?
Green turtles always return
to the same beach to nest.
turtle
Hawaiian green turtles grow to five feet.

They can weigh 700 pounds. They leave the
water to warm themselves in the sun. Other
sea turtles do not do that. Green turtles are
named for the color of their fat. The turtles
eat seaweed and other marine plants. Their
beaks have rough edges for scraping algae
Ann Cecil/ Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images
off rocks.
STOP AND CHECK
Why do Hawaiian green turtles

need a protected place to nest?
11
CHAPTE R 4
Animals and People

The Hawaiian monk seal is an endemic
mammal. Unlike most seals, Hawaiian monk
seals live in warm, tropical waters. They eat
lobsters, eels, and fish. They can dive to more
than 1,600 feet (nearly half a kilometer) to
find food.
Hawaiian monk seals are endangered. There

are about 1,000 Hawaiian monk seals left.
In the past, people killed monk seals for their
oil and fur. People can still be dangerous
to monk seals.
Yusuke Okada/a.collectionRF/amana images/Getty Images
monk seal
12
The seals do not fear people. This can
be dangerous because some people are
thoughtless and hurt the seals. The seals
can catch diseases from people, too. The
seals can also be harmed by fishing nets
and fishing lines.
Today, most of the monk seals live around

the NWHI. They swim in the safe waters,
and rest on the protected island beaches.
Monk seal pups are

born with thick
black fur.
seal pup
Did You Know?

Monk seals do not have ears. They hear
through a hole at each side of their head.
Jonathan Blair/CORBIS
13
A Huge Step
All over the world, people try to save
threatened animals. They protect beaches
and nesting areas. They try to keep the
ocean clean. They teach people how to keep
from harming animals. These people act as
caretakers for the world’s resources.
The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National

Monument protects the animals that live there.
STOP AND CHECK
Why are people dangerous

for monk seals?
These streamers save

seabirds. They scare
the birds away from
the fishing lines.
fishing line
NOAA
streamer
14
Summarize Details
Summarize what you have

learned about protecting
endangered animals. Use the
Point of View Chart to help you. Point of View
Text Evidence
1. How do you know that Protecting the Islands
is an informational text? Genre
2. Why do you think the author wrote this

book? Point of View
3. What is the meaning of the word thoughtless

on page 13? Look at the suffix to help you
figure out the meaning. Parts of Speech
4. Write about how seabirds are protected on

the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Write
About Reading
15
Compare Texts
Read what one person is doing to help
save a threatened animal.
Penguins Go Global
Dr. Pablo Borboroglu is a marine biologist.
(bkgd) Design Pics/Kristy-Anne Glubish, (bl) Whitley Fund for Nature, (cr) Lissa Harrison.
Dr. Borboroglu set up the Global Penguin
Society. The society protects penguins.
Many types of penguins are threatened.

Overfishing causes penguins to travel farther
to find food. The oceans are getting warmer,
so ice is melting. Pollution is harming
the oceans.
In Other Words established. En español,

set up quiere decir estableció.
Dr. Borboroglu
is from Argentina.
He has won awards
for his work with
penguins.
16
Some penguins are losing their habitat.
People are building on coastal land where
penguin groups used to be.
The health of the penguin population helps

us learn about the health of the oceans.
Penguins swim great distances. They depend
on the resources of the ocean to survive.
Anything that affects the health of the ocean
affects the health of penguins.
Penguins live in many places

in the Southern Hemisphere.
Perfect
Predators
Penguins look clumsy when they walk. But
penguins can run as fast as most people can.
They can jump out of the water onto land. They
swim very fast. Penguins are very successful
in catching fish and squid. A hook at the end
of their beak helps them catch their prey and
hold it while they swim.
17
Dr. Borboroglu is working to protect
penguins from all these threats. He wants
to use penguins to bring attention to the
threats faced by all sea animals.
Tourists like to visit penguin colonies.

Tourists bring in income for the people.
Dr. Borboroglu is having success teaching
people how to welcome tourists without
harming the penguins.
Royalty-Free/CORBIS
Make Connections
In Penguins Go Global, what has Dr. Borboroglu
done to help save penguins? Essential Question
In Protecting the Islands and Penguins Go Global,
how do people work together to help animals
survive? Text to Text
18
Glossary
algae tiny plantlike organisms (page 7)
ecosystem a community of animals, plants, and

their environment (page 5)
endemic living only in a particular place (page 4)
extinct no longer existing (page 3)
habitat the place where an animal or a plant

usually lives (page 17)
herbivores animals that eat only plants (page 7)
marine biologist a person who studies plants and

animals that live in the ocean (page 16)
predators animals that catch and eat other animals

(page 6)
Index
albatrosses, 8, 9 Maro Reef, 2, 3
algae, 6, 7, 11 monument, 3–6, 8, 10, 14
coral, 2, 5–7 predators, 6, 7
Hawaiian green seabirds, 2, 8, 9, 14
turtles, 10, 11
Hawaiian monk seals,
12, 13
19
Purpose To find out about an endangered animal.
What to Do
Step 1 With a partner, choose one of the animals
mentioned in the book.
Step 2 Find out as much as you can about the

animal. What does the animal eat? Where
does it live? What dangers does it face?
Step 3 Make a chart listing the threats faced

by your animal.
Step 4 What could people do to help reduce the

threats faced by your animal?
Conclusion Do you think people can make

a difference as to whether or not your endangered
animal will survive?
20
Literature Circles
Nonfiction
The Topic
What are Protecting the Islands and
Penguins Go Global mostly about?
Vocabulary
Choose one word in these texts
that relates to the topic.
Author’s Purpose
Why did the author write Protecting
the Islands and Penguins Go Global?
Conclusions
What is the most important thing you
learned in Protecting the Islands?
What is the most important thing you
learned in Penguins Go Global?
IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 3 23/02/12 1:28 PM
Survival Science
GR M • Benchmark 28 • Lexile [t/k]
Grade 3 • Unit 2 Week 4
www.mheonline.com
ISBN-13 978-0-02-119274-8
MHID 0-02-119274-X
99701
EAN
9 780021 192748
3
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Expository

CV_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 2 17/02/12 3:41 PM

Word count: 1,029**

Photography Credit: Cover (t) John A. Karachewski, (c) John Klavitter/USFWS/USGS

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Send all inquiries to:

Printed in the United States.

IFCIBC_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 2 23/02/12 1:28 PM

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 1 23/02/12 1:52 PM

007420 © James D. Watt Trust/SeaPics.com

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 2 23/02/12 1:52 PM

Midway Maro Reef

The NWHI National Monument is bigger than all the

The Maro Reef is part of the Northwestern

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 3 23/02/12 1:52 PM

People don’t live

What can you find at the

NWHI National Monument?

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 4 23/02/12 1:52 PM

Coral reefs are easily harmed. Pollution can

Language The reefs are full of plants and animals

Detective is a combined sentence. Another way of

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 5 23/02/12 1:52 PM

It is important to protect the entire reef

take calcium and turn it

Corals have different shapes. Some corals look

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 6 23/02/12 1:52 PM

Did You Know?

STOP AND CHECK

How are the coral

grey reef shark

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 7 23/02/12 1:52 PM

Laysan and black-footed albatrosses nest

Language Seabirds and turtles nest on

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 8 23/02/12 1:52 PM

Short-tailed albatrosses are the biggest

have wonderful eyesight. They catch fish by

In Other Words how they live.

Not Many Survivors

001_009_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 9 23/02/12 1:52 PM

The French Frigate

flippers. Then they lay

way out of the nest.

Female turtles can get scared by people

turtles. They may not be able to find the

010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 10 17/02/12 3:47 PM

Hawaiian green turtles grow to five feet.

STOP AND CHECK

Why do Hawaiian green turtles

010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 11 17/02/12 3:47 PM

Animals and People

Hawaiian monk seals are endangered. There

Yusuke Okada/a.collectionRF/amana images/Getty Images

010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 12 17/02/12 3:47 PM

Today, most of the monk seals live around

Monk seal pups are

Did You Know?

010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 13 17/02/12 3:47 PM

The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National

Why are people dangerous

These streamers save

010_015_CR14_LR_G3_U2W4L28_E_119274.indd 14 17/02/12 3:47 PM

Summarize what you have