To do:

● Simulation 8.2
To do: ● What to review
● Announcements
Simulation 8.2
Simulation 8.2
 ● Video recording
Simulation 8.2 ● Screenshot
Review
● Balancing Chemical Equation and Chemical
Reactions
● Balancing Chemical Equation and Chemical
Reactions
● Stoichiometry
● Balancing Chemical Equation and Chemical
Reactions
● Stoichiometry
● Gases
Balancing Chemical Equation
 Balancing Chemical Equation

● consists of symbols and formulas representing

a chemical reaction.
 Balancing Chemical Equation

● consists of symbols and formulas representing

a chemical reaction.
● to determine the quantities of reactants or
products.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
 Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
2. Change in temperature
 Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
2. Change in temperature
3. Light and gas is given off
 Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
2. Change in temperature
3. Light and gas is given off
4. Formation of precipitate
 Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
2. Change in temperature
3. Light and gas is given off
4. Formation of precipitate
5. Change in voltage
 Chemical Reactions

1. Change in color
2. Change in temperature
3. Light and gas is given off
4. Formation of precipitate
5. Change in voltage
6. Change in odor
Basic Types of Chemical Reactions
Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
AB A +B
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
AB A +B
Single Replacement or Substitution Reactions
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
AB A +B
Single Replacement or Substitution Reactions
A + BC B + AC
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
AB A +B
Single Replacement or Substitution Reactions
A + BC B + AC
Double Replacement or Metathesis Reactions
 Basic Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis or Combination Reactions

A+B AB
Decomposition or Analysis Reactions
AB A +B
Single Replacement or Substitution Reactions
A + BC B + AC
Double Replacement or Metathesis Reactions
AB + CD AD + BC
Stoichiometry
 Stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of

substances taking part in a reaction or forming a
compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.
 Stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of

substances taking part in a reaction or forming a
compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.

● Mole to mole ratios

 Stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of

substances taking part in a reaction or forming a
compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.

● Mole to mole ratios

● Molar mass
 Stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of

substances taking part in a reaction or forming a
compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.

● Mole to mole ratios

● Molar mass
● Avogadro’s number
Limiting reactant
 Limiting reactant

A chemical reaction is a reactant that is totally

consumed when the chemical reaction is completed.
Excess reactant
 Excess reactant

The reactant in a chemical reaction with a greater

amount than necessary to react completely with the
limiting reactant.
Theoretical yield
 Theoretical yield

The maximum possible mass of a product that a

chemical reaction can make. It is calculated using
molar ratios.
Actual yield
 Actual yield

The mass of a product that a chemical reaction makes

in real life. It is usually less than the theoretical yield.
Percentage yield
 Percentage yield
A comparison between actual yield and theoretical
yield.
Example
The combustion of 0.1240 kg of propane in
the presence of excess oxygen produces
0.3110 kg of carbon dioxide. What is the
limiting reactant and percentage yield?
The combustion of 0.1240 kg of propane in
the presence of excess oxygen produces
0.3110 kg of carbon dioxide. What is the
limiting reactant and percentage yield?

C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Balancing the Equation
Balancing the Equation

C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C C
H H
O O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C C
H H
O O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C
H H
O O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C
H 8 H
O O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C
H 8 H
O 2 O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1
H 8 H
O 2 O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1
H 8 H 2
O 2 O
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1
H 8 H 2
O 2 O 3
 C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1
H 8 H 2
O 2 O 3
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1
H 8 H 2
O 2 O 3
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1 3
H 8 H 2
O 2 O 3
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1 3
H 8 H 2 2
O 2 O 3
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1 3
H 8 H 2 2
O 2 O 3 7
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O

C 3 C 1 3
H 8 H 2 2
O 2 O 3 7
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 C 1 3
H 8 H 2 2
O 2 O 3 7
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 H 2 2
O 2 O 3 7
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 O 3 7
 C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 O 3 7 10
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 O 3 7 10
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 O 3 7 10
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 O 3 7 10
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 10 O 3 7 10
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

C 3 3 C 1 3 3
H 8 8 H 2 2 8
O 2 10 O 3 7 10
Find the limiting reactant
Find the limiting reactant
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
 Find the limiting reactant
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

Given :
0.1240 kg of C3H8
0.3110 kg of CO2
 Find the limiting reactant
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

Given :
0.1240 kg of C3H8 THEORETICAL YIELD
0.3110 kg of CO2
 Find the limiting reactant
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

Given :
0.1240 kg of C3H8 THEORETICAL YIELD
0.3110 kg of CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
 Find the limiting reactant
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

Given :
0.1240 kg of C3H8 THEORETICAL YIELD
0.3110 kg of CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
Convert the given values

0.1240 kg of C3H8
Convert the given values

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

0.1240 kg of C3H8
kg → g → mol → mol → g
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
0.1240 kg of C3H8
kg → g → mol → mol → g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
0.1240 kg of C3H8
kg → g → mol → mol → g
0.1240 kg
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol44.11
g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
44.11 g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
44.11 g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
H = 1.01 x 8 = 8.08
44.11 g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
H = 1.01 x 8 = 8.08
44.11 g
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.01 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
H = 1.01 x 8 = 8.08
44.11 g 44.11 g/mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01 x 3 = 36.03
H = 1.01 x 8 = 8.08
44.11 g 44.11 g/mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8
1 mol
C = 12.01
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8
1 mol
C = 12.01
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8
1 mol
C = 12.01
O = 16 x 2 = 32
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8
1 mol
C = 12.01
O = 16 x 2 = 32
12.01 + 32 =
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8
1 mol
C = 12.01
O = 16 x 2 = 32
12.01 + 32 = 44.01 g/mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

C = 12.01
O = 16 x 2 = 32
12.01 + 32 = 44.01 g/mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

= 371.16 g CO2
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
kg → g → mol → mol → g

0.1240 kg x 1000 g x 1 mol x 3 mol CO2 x 44.01 g

1kg 44.11 g 1 mol C3H8 1 mol

= 371.16 g CO2
THEORETICAL YIELD
Find the percentage yield
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

371.16 g CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

371.16g CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

371.16 g x 1 kg = 0.3712 kg
1000 g
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

371.16 g CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

371.16 g x 1 kg = 0.3712 kg
1000 g
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

371.16 g CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

371.16 g x 1 kg = 0.37116 kg
1000 g
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

371.16 g x 1 kg = 0.37116 kg
1000 g
 Find the percentage yield

0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD

0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD
0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD
0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

Percentage yield = Actual Yield x 100

Theoretical Yield
0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

Percentage yield = Actual Yield x 100

Theoretical Yield

= 0.3110 kg CO2 x 100

0.37116 kg CO2
0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

Percentage yield = Actual Yield x 100

Theoretical Yield

= 0.3110 kg CO2 x 100

0.37116 kg CO2
0.3110 kg CO2 ACTUAL YIELD
0.37116 kg CO2 THEORETICAL YIELD

Percentage yield = Actual Yield x 100

Theoretical Yield

= 0.3110 kg CO2 x 100

0.37116 kg CO2
= 83.79%
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
● Gay-Lussac Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
● Gay-Lussac Law
● Combined Gas Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
● Gay-Lussac Law
● Combined Gas Law
● Avogadro’s Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
● Gay-Lussac Law
● Combined Gas Law
● Avogadro’s Law
● Ideal Gas Law
 Gases

● Boyle’s Law
● Charles’ Law
● Gay-Lussac Law
● Combined Gas Law
● Avogadro’s Law
● Ideal Gas Law
● Dalton’s Law
Boyle’s Law
 Boyle’s Law

It states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas

varies inversely with its volume at constant
temperature.
Charles’ law
 Charles’ law

the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is

directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the
pressure remains constant.
 Charles’ law

the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is

directly proportional to its absolute temperature, if the
pressure remains constant.
Gay-Lussac's law
 Gay-Lussac's law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its

temperature while the volume is kept constant.
 Gay-Lussac's law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its

temperature while the volume is kept constant.
 It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and
volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal
to a constant.
 It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and
volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal
to a constant.
Avogadro's Law
 Avogadro's Law

For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and

amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if
the temperature and pressure are constant.
 Avogadro's Law

For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and

amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if
the temperature and pressure are constant.
Ideal Gas Law
 Ideal Gas Law

The volume of a given amount of gas is directly

proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly
proportional to the temperature and inversely
proportional to the pressure.
 Ideal Gas Law

The volume of a given amount of gas is directly

proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly
proportional to the temperature and inversely
proportional to the pressure.
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

States that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the

total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of the individual gases.
 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

States that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the

total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of the individual gases.
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