1. Define the following CONSTITUTION, AGRARIAN REFORM, and TAXATION.

- The agrarian reform is a 1988 law that advocates for the equity and empowerment of our local
farmers' rights. Its main objective is to redistribute smaller portions of huge lands to the landless poor
for cultivation. On the other hand, taxation in the Philippines implements a personal tax rate of up to
35%, but the recent TRAIN law reduced the rate of personal taxes, except those in higher salary
brackets.

2. Research the different Phil. Constitution from 1887 to 1897, the FRAMING and RATIFICATION

 1897: Constitution of Biak-na-bato- This constitution was established as an armed revolution

with the intention of expelling the reigning Spanish government in the Philippines. It was signed
on November 1, 1897, but was withdrawn when the Biak-na-bato pact was signed on December
15, 1897.
 1899: Malolos Constitution- This is the first Philippine Constitution that stated the
independence of our government after expelling the Spanish rulers in our land. It was signed on
January 21, 1899 after the Americans overthrew the Spaniards.
 1935: The Commonwealth Constitution- This constitution adapted a political system similar to
the United States, by voting a President for a 4-year term, a bicameral Congress, and an
independent Judiciary. The inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines was signed on
November 15, 1935 to prepare the country for total independence.
 1973: Constitutional Authoritarianism- The 1973 Constitution, the government shifted from
presidential to parliamentary system of government. It was deemed ratified by Citizens'
Assemblies held from January 10 to 15, 1973, and was proclaimed by President Marcos, January
17, 1973.
 1987: Constitution after Martial Law- This constitution re-established the democratic
government after the abolishment of Late President Marcos’ Martial Law. The Constitution
finally came into full force and effect on February 11, 1987