Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 1
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF PANGASINAN II
STA. CRUZ INTEGRATED SCHOOL
STA. MARIA DISTRICT

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Grade 12-HUMMS

NAME: _____________________________ Date: ________

Grade/ Section: _____________ Score: _______

Topic: PHENOMENA OF LIGHT

Here are some of light phenomena that we are going to investigate:

• Your reflection on the concave and convex sides of a spoon looks different
• Mirages
• Light from a red laser passes more easily through red cellophane than green cellophane
• Clothing of certain colors appear different in artificial light in sunlight.
• Haloes, sundogs, primary rainbows, secondary rainbows, and supernumerary bows
• Why clouds are usually white and rainclouds dark
• Why the sky is blue, and sunsets are reddish

What are mirrors?

A mirror is an optical device which does not allow light to pass through it and reflects it back. It is made by
silvering one side of a glass. Mirrors can be plane mirror or spherical mirrors. It is a reflective surface that bounces off
light, producing either a real image or a virtual image.
REAL IMAGE – when the light rays intersect.
VIRTUAL IMAGE - occur due to apparent divergence of light rays from a point.
RAY DIAGRAMS – Help us trace the path of the light for the person to view a point on the image of an object. Uses lines
with arrows to represent the incident and reflected ray. It also helps us trace the direction in which the light travels.

Types of Mirrors
1. Plane Mirrors
A plane mirror is a smooth or highly polished surface that reflects light in order to form an image. It is a flat, polished, and
reflective surface that produces a virtual image of the real object. Moreover, a light ray passing through the plane mirror
must make the angle of reflection equal to the angle of incidence.
• It is virtual
• It is erect and of the same size as the object
• The distance of the object from the plane mirror is the same as the distance of the image from the plane mirror.
• It is laterally inverted.
One of the important characteristics of the image is that it is laterally inverted. It means if you raise your left hand it would
appear in the plane mirror that you have raised your right hand.
2. Spherical Mirrors
A spherical mirror is a mirror that has the shape of a piece cut out of a spherical surface. There are two types of
spherical mirrors: concave mirror and convex mirror.
a. Concave mirror
Concave mirrors are a type of spherical mirrors that have curved surfaces and are painted on the outer side. This
becomes an inner surface reflecting mechanism. Light converges at a point when it first strikes the surface and then is
reflected back.
In a concave mirror, if it has a long focal length (the distance of the object must be less than the focal length) the image
produced is magnified.
b. Convex mirror
Convex mirrors are spherical mirrors that have curved surfaces but unlike concave, the inner side is painted and
not the outside. So, this has an outer surface reflecting mechanism. This type of mirror diverges light when it strikes the
reflecting surface.
Virtual, erect and diminished images are formed.

Address: Sta. Cruz, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

Cellphone No.: 09054880708
Teacher: Leopoldo T. Domingo Jr.
Take Note!
 The outer bulging reflecting surface of a spoon acts like a convex mirror.
 Convex mirror produces an image that is virtual, upright and smaller than the object.
 The hallowed reflecting surface of the spoon acts like concave mirror.
 The appearance of the image in a concave mirror depends on how close the object is to it.
 The colors of the object we see depends on its ability to reflect or to transmit the light incident to it.
 Selective reflection takes place on opaque objects when light is incident to it.
 Selective transmission takes place on transparent objects when light is incident to it.
 Refraction plays a role in optical illusions like mirages and rainbows.
 Mirage is an optical phenomenon that creates illusion of water that results from the bending of light because of the
gradient in the air temperature.
 Rainbows are formed because of refraction, reflection and dispersion of light as it passes through water droplets
acting as tiny prisms. It appears in the section of the sky directly opposite from the sun.
 A secondary rainbow is formed when two total internal reflections and refraction occur in the water droplets. It
appears outside and higher than the primary rainbow with an opposite color sequence.
 Supernumeraries are thin, pastel colored bands or fringes appearing below the primary rainbow adjacent to the
violet band due to the interference of light.
 A halo is a ring of light that forms around the sun or moon due to the refraction of light in the suspended ice
crystals in the atmosphere.
 Sundogs are bright white or colored patches of light developed because of refraction of light through ice crystals.
They are also known as mock suns or parhelia which means “with the sun”
 Small gas particles in the atmosphere scatters blue light because of Rayleigh scattering resulting to blue sky.
 Clouds are made up of water droplets which are larger than air molecules, thus all colors are scattered equally. All
colors combined to make white light.
 Sunlight must travel through more of the atmosphere during sunset. More blue light is scattered, leaving red light
transmitted. Only light of lower frequencies survives, producing red sunsets.

Activity
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What can be said of the image formed in the bulging reflecting surface of a spoon?
a. Virtual upright, and larger than the object c. Virtual, upright and smaller than the object
b. Virtual, inverted, and larger than the object d. Virtual, inverted, and smaller than the object
2. Where should the object be positioned to have a smaller and inverted image in a concave mirror?
a. At the focus c. Beyond the center of curvature
b. At the center of curvature d. Between the curvature and focus
3. When you see a “wet spot” mirage on the road in front of you, what are you most likely seeing?
a. Sky c. Water
b. Hot air d. Fragment of your imagination
4. White light goes through a filter that can absorb blue light; what color of light can pass through as perceived by an
observer?
a. Blue b. Green c. Red d. Yellow
5. When green light shines on a red rose, why do the petals look black?
a. It absorbs green light c. It reflects green light
b. It reflects the color black d. It absorbs all the colors of light.
6. For you to see a rainbow, where should the sun be positioned?
a. In front of you c. Behind you
b. On your left side d. On your right side
7. Which is scattered by very small particles present in the atmosphere?
a. All wavelengths of light c. Smaller wavelength of light
b. Medium wavelength of light d. Larger wavelength of light
8. Which explains why the sky is blue?
a. Blue light is not easily scattered by the atmosphere
b. Blue light is not easily absorbed by the atmosphere
c. Air molecules scatter blue light more readily than other colors
d. Blue light is reflected off the world’s oceans into the atmosphere
9. Which explains why sunsets are red?
a. Air molecules scatter red light more readily than others
b. Red light is of shorter wavelength than other colors of light
c. Red light survives the absorption of the particles in the atmosphere
d. Red light is scattered the least and is transmitted the most in the atmosphere
10. What do you call the colored spots of light that developed due to the refraction of light through ice crystals?
a. Halo c. Sunspot
b. Sundog d. Rainbow

Address: Sta. Cruz, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan

Cellphone No.: 09054880708
Teacher: Leopoldo T. Domingo Jr.