PRACTICE

8 Tips for Matching Headings:

1. Đọc headings trước
vì headings tóm tắt văn bản giúp em quét câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi khác.
2. Đọc đoạn văn ngắn nhất trước.
Đọc nó nhanh hơn, chọn tiêu đề giảm bớt tiêu đề hơn để chọn cho các đoạn văn dài hơn.
3. Đọc qua danh sách các tiêu đề
Làm quen với chúng và các từ khóa cơ bản xác định ý chính hoặc các từ mục tiêu sẽ tìm kiếm trong đoạn văn.
4. Nếu có hai hoặc ba tiêu đề giống nhau:
- Đầu tiên, nối bất kỳ tiêu đề nào rõ ràng, chắc chắn về nó.
- Đối với các tiêu đề tương tự khác, hãy viết chúng (2 – 3 tiêu đề) bên cạnh đoạn văn và cố gắng tìm ra sự khác
biệt giữa chúng. Từ khóa là gì? Thay đổi ý nghĩa ? Câu nào phù hợp với đoạn văn nhất?. Nếu vẫn không thể
chọn một câu, hãy tiếp tục và quay lại đoạn đó sau.
5. Tìm những từ/từ đồng nghĩa tương tự
- Có thể tìm thấy các từ trong đoạn văn tương tự như các từ trong tiêu đề. Ví dụ: từ khóa trong tiêu đề có thể là
'làm việc chăm chỉ', tuy nhiên từ đang tìm kiếm có thể có nhiều từ đồng nghĩa khác nhau của 'làm việc chăm
chỉ' như 'siêng năng', 'cần cù', 'học tập' hoặc 'cần cù' .
6. Tiếp tục nếu đang dành quá nhiều thời gian và quay lại sau
- Nếu mất quá nhiều time cho 1 đoạn thì tạm thời bỏ qua đoạn đó để làm đv tiếp theo
7. Đọc hướng dẫn. Kiểm tra xem có thể sử dụng một tiêu đề nhiều lần không.
8. Luôn tìm tiêu đề chung nhất, có thể là đoạn đầu tiên hoặc kết luận.

PRACTICE
TEST 1:
Simplicity reigns at London's biggest design festival.
(A) With upwards of 300 product launches, installations and exhibitions, London's annual nine-day design
festival is a showcase of head-spinning choice. In many ways that's the beauty of the extravaganza, everyone
has a different experience and takes something unique away from it. There were however some intriguing
themes and trends in this year's edition that spoke to larger social or cultural preoccupations.

(B) One was the launch of two consumer electronics products designed to simplify and beautify our
technology-addled lives. Both chose the new London Design Festival venue of Somerset House to show their
wares. The first was a mobile phone launched by Swiss company Punkt and designed by Jasper Morrison that
allows users to make calls and texts only (well, it has an alarm clock and an address book too). Punkt founder
Petter Neby doesn't believe it will replace your smart phone but suggests users fit it with the same SIM card as
your main phone and use it in the evenings, weekends and on holiday.

(C) The other electronics launch came from the unlikely French sibling duo of the Bouroullec brothers. Though
tech companies like Samsung are usually prescriptive about their products the Bouroullecs (who admitted they
found most TVs sad and ugly) seem to have been given free rein. Their new television for the mega Korean
brand looks more like an item of furniture than an ultra-large and ultra-slim piece of tech. More importantly, it
comes with simplified on-screen interaction and a 'curtain mode' that turns your screen into a shimmering
pattern during ads or half-time. Again, their focus was on dialing down digital insanity.

(D) Customizable online furniture was also very much in vogue at this year's festival. But rest assured, weird
and unreliable software or off-the-wall designs sent to a 3D printer somewhere and arriving months later, seem
to be a thing of the past. Customization may finally have come of age. Two examples were Scandi-brand Hem
that combinded good design by the likes of Luca Nichetto, Form Us With Love and Sylvain Willenz with
affordable price points. The fact that the brand opened a pop-up store in Covent Garden during the festival is a
recognition of the importance of both physical and online spaces that work seamlessly together.

(E) Another online configurable brand to make its debut after years in development was Warsaw-based Tylko.
Like Hem, Tylko has spent time and money on very powerful and easy-to-use software, but with only three
designs - a table, a shelf and salt and pepper mills - it has a way to go. Its augmented reality app is simple to use
however and its table has been developed with a nano-coating option that really does appear to keep pesky
stains at bay. Craft and 'making' in all its forms was once again a big hit and nowhere more so than at TENT,
the East London design event that gets better every year.

1
(F) A definite highlight was the massive space taken over by the Design & Crafts Council of Ireland and filled
with weavers and potters doing their thing and showing their wares. Irish Design had another delectable stand
over at the Rochelle School in East London too. The Souvenir Project was a series of nine non-cliché
'souvenirs' made in Ireland and included a rainbow plate by Nicholas Mosse Pottery that featured rows of
animals, flowers and watering cans and commemorated the legalization of same-sex marriage in Ireland in May
2015.

(G) If there was one material that could be said to define the festival it might just be Jesmonite, the wonder
man-made building composite. Lighter and more sustainable than concrete, its dramatic capabilities were
brought to life by London-based design studio PINCH and their tour-de-force limited edition Nim table and
Swedish artist Hilda Hellström's giant colorful volcano made for the restaurant in London's Ace Hotel. A show
called Matter of Stuff near Covent Garden was in on the jesmonite act too, but even more intriguingly was
presenting vases made out of Propolis, a resinous material collected by bees and used to seal gaps in hives that,
according to their designer Marlene Huissoud, behaves like glass.

(H) Finally, this was the year that Chinese Design finally displayed a well-edited and inspired showcase of
products. Despite the mouthful of a title, Icon Presents: Hi Design Shanghai stand at 100% Design was a
meaningful selection of designers exploring materials and ideas. Young design duo Yuue's offerings were the
most representative of a new conceptual approach to design that seems to be emerging. Their lamps were
functional but also thought-provoking and humorous. What more could one want from the stuff that surrounds
us?
Questions 1-8
The text has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct
letter, A-H, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
1. Examples of customization
2. Unusual keepsakes
3. A new approach
4. A simple cell phone
5. Unbelievable material
6. A strange TV
7. Number of products shown on the festival
8. Three designs of a software
TEST 3:
Black rats rainforest invasion 'speeded by deforestation'
(A) Cutting down trees in rainforests facilitates the spread of invasive black rats, a study suggests. The rodents
normally avoid mature forests with large trees as they provide little in the way of cover. But researchers,
writing in Biotropica, say that logging makes rainforests more attractive for rats as fallen wood contains more
insects which they eat.

(B) Scientists are concerned that the invading black rats will be bad news for native mammals. Sometimes
called the ship rat, these rodents have spread around the world over the past 400 years, often causing the
extinctions of native species and spreading disease.

(C) Much of their notoriety rests on the idea that black rats were the origin of bubonic plague, although recent
research casts doubt on that notion. Black rats have usually avoided older forests as they contain large trees
which do not provide much in the way of ground level protection. They also tend to have leafy forest floors
which are noisy for rats to run through, as they attract predators.

(D) This new study examined the idea that logging of trees in rainforests might facilitate the spread of the
rodents. The researchers looked at the island of Borneo where large tracts of the natural forest have been
degraded.

(E) It had been believed that black rats were confined to urban areas in Borneo. To test the idea that they might
spread into deforested regions, the scientists trapped rats from four different species - they then attached small
spools of cotton thread to their backs and and tracked their movements.

2
(F) Across the animals in the study, the researchers found that the black rats had the strongest preference for
the type of disturbed habitat associated with logging. The increased amount of fallen wood boosted the amount
of insects which the rats eat. The logged forests also have more undergrowth which provides better cover. The
researchers believe that black rats favour these small changes far more than related species.

(G) "Logging creates micro-environments that black rats love, helping them move in," said study co-author Dr
Rob Ewers from Imperial College London. "This could be bad news for native mammals who might not be able
to compete with black rats for food and resources. It's also bad for the forest, as many small mammals are
important seed dispersers, helping rainforest plants to grow, and they are also prey for larger animals."

(H) The researchers say that the widespread destruction of forests throughout the tropics may well be
multiplying the threat from invasive species like black rats. They believe the presence of these rats could pose a
significant threat to nesting birds and other small mammals. The scientists say that the way that logging is done
can have a big impact on the suitability of the land for the black rats. The more dead wood that is left behind
the better the black rats like it. If felled trees were more accurately cleared as well as the vines that connect the
trees, the rat's progress might be curbed.
Questions 1-8
The text has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct
letter, A-H, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
1. A valid concern
2. The experiment
3. More food for rats
4. Possible threats
5. Bad news
6. A place of the research
7. The difference between species
8. The reason for bad reputation
TEST 4:
When the flip of a coin wins an election
(A) In the first vote to decide the US's presidential candidates, several results were decided on the toss of a
coin. How common is it for elections to be decided this way? A silver coin balanced on thumb and forefinger is
pinged upwards, falls, then gives its verdict - heads or tails. In sport, it's a common practice to decide who kicks
off or opens the batting. In elections it's rarer, but not as rare as you might suppose. In Iowa's Democratic
caucuses - a contest between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders for the party's presidential nomination - the
results in several precincts were decided by flipping a coin, according to the Des Moines Register.
(B) It was a series of dramatic finishes in a race the party called "the closest in Iowa Democratic caucus
history". On Twitter there were reports that contests were settled in this way in Ames, one Des Moines
precinct, another Des Moines precinct, Newton, West Branch and West Davenport. In some of these cases it
was reported that there was a dead heat in voting. In Ames, it was the vagaries of the voting system and the
decision by 60 of those present not to vote that left the final result unclear. Party officials were contacted on a
hotline to advise, and recommended tossing a coin.
(C) Unusually, all six coin tosses were won by Clinton. According to John Moriarty, Reader in Mathematics at
Queen Mary University London, there would have been a one-in-64 or 1.6% chance of Clinton winning all six
flips. (That's nothing, however, compared to the time the England cricket team lost 12 tosses of the coin in a
row - a probability of about 4,000-to-one.) The caucus system used in 10 US states, American Samoa and the
Virgin Islands, differs from the primary system used in most states in that votes are taken in small groups rather
than on a statewide basis. This makes ties more likely.
(D) "It's quite an idiosyncratic process," says Rene Lindstaedt, an expert on US politics at the University of
Essex. Unlike in primaries, which are conducted like ballots, Democratic caucus-goers in Iowa show their
support for candidates by standing or sitting together in "preference groups" before a head count is taken (Iowa
Republicans use secret ballots or a show of hands).
(E) The Iowa Democratic party's caucus guide states that "where two or more preference groups are tied for the
loss of a delegate, a coin shall be tossed to determine who loses the delegate". With the statewide result a
virtual tie between Clinton and Sanders, the flips became one of the night's biggest talking points, and within
hours the coin had its own Twitter profile.

3
(F) It's not unprecedented for elections to be decided in this manner. The mayor of San Teodoro, a town in the
central Philippines, was ultimately chosen by a coin toss in 2013 after two rival candidates both received 3,236
votes apiece. In the UK, returning officers are legally obliged to settle elections immediately if recounts fail to
establish a winner. This has never happened in an election to the House of Commons, but it has in local
elections.

(G) Worksop North East seat in Bassetlaw District Council was won by Labour on the toss of a coin in 2000
after three recounts. Christopher Underwood-Frost, a Conservative councillor in Lincolnshire held his seat by
the toss of a coin in 2007. And control of Stirling District Council was decided by cutting a deck of cards on
two occasions in 1988 and 1992. There are other uses for coin flips, too. Government contracts in Canada can
be awarded this way if tenders are identical.

(H) But there remains unease about the use of making decisions so arbitrarily - even in sport, where the use of
coin tosses is perhaps best established. From 2016, under an England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) trial,
visiting county teams will be given the option of bowling first, and a coin toss will only take place if they
decline. Perhaps the ECB will share its findings with Iowa's Democratic Party.
Questions 1-8
The text has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct
letter, A-H, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
1. Heat in voting
2. A fact about the UK
3. Statement of the caucus guide
4. The way Democratic caucus-goers in Iowa show their support
5. A parallel with sport
6. Some examples of winning by the toss of a coin
7. An unexpected outcome
8. New rule