Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fom FD
Fom FD
Fom FD
Submitted by - Submitted to -
(i) Abhay Kumar (23201) Dr. Shweta Vats
(ii) Anuja Chatterjee (23209) Assistant Professor of
(iii) Dhruv Gurnani (23215) Fundamentals of Management
(iv) Harsh Raj (23221)
(v) Lokesh Kumar (23225)
(vi) Meera Prasun (23230)
(vii)Mahima Kumari (23227)
1ST SEMESTER (Group No. 1)
September, 2023.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude and deep regards
towards Dr. Shweta Vats, Faculty of Fundamentals of Management, for her
exemplary guidance, valuable feedback, and constant support throughout the
completion of this project.
We would also like to extend our gratitude to our friends who gave us constant
motivation without which the research would not have been completed. Finally,
we thank the Almighty who gave us the courage and stamina to confront all the
hurdles during the making of this project. These words are not enough to express
the incredible help bestowed upon us by people and almighty to complete this
project.
CNLU, PATNA.
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATES
We further declare that to the best of our knowledge, the dissertation does not contain any
part of work,which has not been submitted for the award of any degree either in this
University or any otherinstitutions without proper citation.
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 6
9. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 26
The figurehead role of the American President has a rich historical legacy dating back to the
founding of the nation. The framers of the U.S. Constitution carefully designed the presidency
to not only serve as the chief executive but also as a unifying symbol for the newly formed
United States. George Washington, the first President, set important precedents by voluntarily
relinquishing power after two terms, establishing the peaceful transfer of power as a
cornerstone of American democracy. Throughout American history, various Presidents have
embraced their roles as figureheads in different ways. Abraham Lincoln, for example, assumed
a powerful symbolic role during the Civil War, emphasizing national unity and the enduring
principles of liberty. Franklin D. Roosevelt used his fireside chats to connect with the American
people during the Great Depression and World War II.
In the current scenario, President Joe Biden, who holds the dual distinction of being both the
head of government and the head of state, serving as the chief executive and the symbolic
representative of the nation, assumed office on January 20, 2021, in the midst of significant
challenges. His presidency, marking a pivotal moment in American history, characterized by
shifting political dynamics and a nation grappling with multifaceted challenges, from a global
pandemic to political polarization, economic concerns and racial injustice issues, followed a
highly contentious election. As the figurehead of the USA, President Biden has sought to
project a message of unity, healing, and leadership in addressing these challenges.
He has delivered several addresses to the nation, emphasizing the importance of coming
together, defeating the pandemic, and restoring the nation's reputation on the global stage. His
administration's policies on climate change, immigration, and healthcare reflect the values he
embodies as the figurehead of the country.
PRESENT STUDY:
1.2.1 Research Objectives:
i. To understand the role of President of America, Joe Biden as the
Figurehead of theNation.
ii. To analyze the role of American President & Indian Prime Minister as the
Figureheadof their respective Nations.
RESEARCH DESIGN: -
1.3.1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: -
The researcher will be relying purely on the Doctrinal method of
research in theendeavour to complete the project.
Historical Origins
The concept of figurehead roles traces its roots back to ancient civilizations, where monarchs
and rulers often held ceremonial positions while the real political power rested with other
entities. Over time, especially with the emergence of democratic governance systems, the role
of figureheads evolved to accommodate constitutional monarchies and similar arrangements.
Figureheads have played pivotal roles in shaping the political landscape and governance
structures of various nations. For example, during the transition from absolute monarchy to
constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom, monarchs like King George III assumed
figurehead positions as the real political power shifted to elected representatives in Parliament.
Contemporary Relevance
In modern times, the concept of a figurehead remains relevant, though it has evolved to suit
diverse governance models. Figureheads can be found in various domains, from constitutional
monarchies like the United Kingdom and Japan to corporate organizations, where CEOs may
function as symbolic leaders while operational decisions are made by boards and executives.
The contemporary relevance of figureheads extends beyond politics and governance to the
corporate world, where they serve as the public face of companies, embodying corporate values
and culture. In such settings, CEOs may take on figurehead roles, attending corporate events,
symbolizing the organization's mission, and fostering a positive image.
Figureheads occupy a unique and crucial role in governance. Their significance extends beyond
the ceremonial and symbolic aspects of leadership. In this section, we delve into the
multifaceted importance of figureheads in shaping governance structures, preserving tradition,
providing stability, representing the nation internationally, and fostering unity among citizens.
One of the primary roles of figureheads is to symbolize unity and national identity. They serve
as a unifying figure for a nation, embodying the shared values, culture, and history of the
people. By doing so, figureheads contribute to a sense of collective belonging and pride.
Cultural Representation: Figureheads often represent the cultural and historical heritage of their
nation. They participate in cultural ceremonies and events, preserving and promoting these
traditions.
National Identity: In nations with diverse populations, figureheads play a crucial role in
emphasizing the common national identity that transcends ethnic, religious, and regional
differences.
Preservation of Tradition
Figureheads are custodians of tradition, ensuring the continuity of cultural and historical
practices. They actively engage in various traditional ceremonies and rituals, contributing to
the preservation of a nation's heritage.
Ceremonial Duties: Figureheads participate in state ceremonies, official events, and cultural
celebrations, reinforcing the importance of these traditions.
Cultural Legacy: By representing and upholding cultural legacies, figureheads help maintain a
sense of continuity across generations.
In many political systems, figureheads play a stabilizing role. Their presence provides a sense
of continuity and order, even in times of political change or crisis.
International Representation
Figureheads are not just symbols within their own borders; they also represent their nation on
the international stage.
Diplomatic Functions: They engage in diplomatic relations, welcoming foreign dignitaries, and
participating in international events, contributing to the nation's global image and relationships.
Global Presence: Figureheads represent their country's values and interests, shaping
international perceptions of the nation.
Figureheads are often a source of inspiration and moral leadership for citizens. They can uplift
public morale during challenging times and promote a sense of shared purpose.
Addressing the Nation: In times of crisis or celebration, figureheads address the nation, offering
words of encouragement, solace, and unity.
Advocating for Important Issues: They can use their platform to advocate for important social,
ethical, or humanitarian causes, setting an example for citizens.
The significance of figureheads in governance extends far beyond their ceremonial roles. They
embody national unity, preserve tradition, provide stability, represent their nation globally, and
inspire citizens. Understanding their multifaceted importance is essential for appreciating their
role in diverse governance systems, from constitutional monarchies to democratic republics.
3. PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN AS THE AMERICAN
FIGUREHEAD
The role of President Joe Biden as the figurehead of the United States is both complex and
significant. Beyond his role as the head of government, President Biden serves as the
embodiment of American values, traditions, and national unity. In this chapter, we delve into
the multifaceted aspects of his role as a figurehead, beginning with an exploration of his
constitutional role and responsibilities.
Chief Diplomat: In his capacity as the chief diplomat, President Biden represents the United
States on the global stage, shaping foreign policy, engaging with world leaders, and negotiating
international agreements. His diplomatic actions influence the nation's standing in the world.
State of the Union Address: The annual State of the Union Address, delivered by the President
before both houses of Congress and the nation, is a quintessential example of a President's
ceremonial role. President Biden uses this platform to outline the government's agenda, address
critical issues, and symbolize national unity in a highly anticipated event.
Presidential Pardons: The President possesses the authority to grant pardons, a power that
carries symbolic weight. Pardons often symbolize themes of mercy, forgiveness, and
reconciliation, allowing Presidents to express their values and beliefs.
National Holidays and Celebrations: President Biden participates in various national holidays
and celebrations, such as the lighting of the National Christmas Tree and Fourth of July
festivities. These actions reinforce his role in upholding American traditions and culture.
Foreign Policy: President Biden formulates and implements foreign policy decisions that
impact international relations. His approach to diplomacy reflects the nation's stance on critical
global issues, from climate change to trade agreements.
National Addresses: President Biden's addresses to the nation have played a significant role in
offering moral leadership, particularly during times of crisis and celebration. His words provide
reassurance, empathy, and direction to the American people.
Advocacy and Values: The President leverages his position to advocate for important issues
and to promote core American values, such as democracy, freedom, and equality. His advocacy
sets the tone for national discourse and policy priorities.
President Joe Biden has a multifaceted role as the American figurehead. He not only exercises
executive authority and shapes policy but also symbolizes American unity, tradition, and
values, serving as a moral leader during critical moments in the nation's history. His actions
and decisions have far-reaching implications, both domestically and internationally, making
him a central figure in the governance and leadership of the United States.
4. THE INDIAN PRIME MINISTER AS THE FIGUREHEAD
The Indian Prime Minister occupies a unique and multifaceted role as both the head of
government and the figurehead of the nation. In this chapter, we delve into the complexities of
this role, exploring the constitutional foundations, ceremonial and symbolic duties, diplomatic
functions, and moral leadership provided by the Indian Prime Minister.
Executive Authority: As the head of government, the Indian Prime Minister wields executive
authority, overseeing policy formulation, administrative functions, and the day-to-day
governance of the nation. Their decisions shape the lives of millions of Indians.
Leadership of the Council of Ministers: The Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers,
ensuring the government's policies are effectively implemented and coordinated across various
ministries.
Diplomatic Engagement: While foreign policy is a shared responsibility, the Prime Minister
plays a pivotal role in shaping India's international relations and representing the nation's
interests globally.
Independence Day Address: The Prime Minister's annual address to the nation on Independence
Day holds immense significance. It is a moment when the leader reflects on India's progress,
acknowledges its challenges, and articulates its aspirations. This address symbolizes India's
unity and its commitment to democratic values.
National Celebrations: Participation in national celebrations, such as the Republic Day parade
and other cultural events, reinforces the Prime Minister's role in preserving and promoting
Indian traditions, culture, and heritage.
Awards and Honors: The Prime Minister often presides over award ceremonies, recognizing
outstanding contributions across various fields. These events underscore the importance of
excellence and achievements in India.
Foreign Visits: The Prime Minister's foreign visits and participation in international summits
are instrumental in shaping India's foreign policy, strengthening diplomatic ties, and advancing
national interests. These visits carry immense diplomatic and symbolic weight.
Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements: The Prime Minister's involvement in bilateral and
multilateral agreements reflects India's commitment to global cooperation and its stance on
various international issues. These agreements contribute to India's diplomatic relations and
influence.
National Addresses: The Prime Minister's addresses to the nation play a pivotal role in offering
moral leadership during times of crisis, celebration, or change. These speeches inspire and
reassure the Indian populace.
Advocacy and Values: The Prime Minister leverages their position to advocate for critical
issues and values that resonate with the Indian society, such as democracy, diversity, and social
justice. Their advocacy shapes the national discourse and influences policy priorities.
5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS: AMERICAN PRESIDENT VS.
INDIAN PRIME MINISTER AS FIGUREHEADS
In this chapter, we conduct a comparative analysis of the figurehead roles of the American
President and the Indian Prime Minister. While both leaders serve as the heads of government
and represent their respective nations, their roles are influenced by distinct constitutional
frameworks, cultural contexts, and historical legacies. This analysis explores the similarities
and differences in their ceremonial duties, diplomatic functions, moral leadership, and the
impact of their positions on their countries and the world.
Presidential Republic vs. Parliamentary System: The United States follows a presidential
republic system, where the President is both the head of state and government, while India
operates under a parliamentary system with a separate head of state (the President of India) and
the Prime Minister as the head of government.
Executive Powers: Tthe American President possesses significant executive powers, including
the ability to veto legislation, nominate federal judges, and serve as Commander-in-Chief.
While the Indian Prime Minister plays an important role as the leader of the majority party or
coalition in Parliament, with executive powers distributed among the Council of Ministers.
Cultural Diversity: India has a diverse cultural landscape, with multiple languages, religions,
and traditions, compared to the United States, which is culturally diverse but with a different
historical and social context.
Historical Legacies: The historical legacies of colonialism and the struggle for independence
have shaped the role of the Indian Prime Minister as a symbol of sovereignty and nation-
building. While the role of the American President emerged from the struggle for independence
from British colonial rule but took a different form in a presidential republic.
5.3. Ceremonial Roles
Both the American President and the Indian Prime Minister perform ceremonial duties that
symbolize their leadership roles.
State of the Union Address vs. Independence Day Address: The American President outlines
the government's agenda and addresses Congress, with the Indian Prime Minister reflects on
India's progress, challenges, and aspirations.
National Celebrations: National celebrations, such as the Republic Day parade in India and the
Fourth of July in the United States, are significant in reinforcing the leaders' roles as symbols
of unity, tradition, and national pride.
Foreign Policy Influence: The American President has significant influence over U.S. foreign
policy, including the power to negotiate treaties (subject to Senate approval) and engage in
high-level diplomacy. The Indian Prime Minister, who plays a crucial role in India's foreign
relations but operates within a parliamentary framework.
Global Representation: Both leaders represent their countries on the global stage, attending
international summits and meetings with foreign leaders.
While both leaders hold significant symbolic positions and play critical roles in their nations'
governance, their roles are shaped by distinct constitutional, cultural, and historical contexts.
Understanding these differences is essential for appreciating the nuances of figurehead
leadership in diverse political systems.
6. CHALLENGES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
FIGUREHEAD LEADERS
Figurehead leaders, whether they hold the title of President, Prime Minister, or monarch,
operate in a multifaceted role that extends beyond the ceremonial aspects of their positions.
This chapter delves into the intricate challenges and significant responsibilities that these
leaders face as they balance the symbolic representation of their nations with the practical
demands of governance. It also explores their roles in managing public expectations,
diplomacy, crisis management, ethical decision-making, and addressing contemporary global
challenges.
Policy Implementation: Despite their symbolic roles, figurehead leaders are responsible for
making policy decisions, managing governmental affairs, and addressing the daily needs of
their nations. This practical governance aspect often presents complex challenges.
Potential for Conflict: The intersection of symbolism and governance can sometimes lead to
conflicts or tensions, especially when symbolic actions or statements clash with the practical
needs of the nation. Figurehead leaders must navigate these situations carefully.
Moral Authority: Figurehead leaders are expected to embody moral authority, particularly
during times of crisis or significant events. The public looks to them for guidance, inspiration,
and reassurance.
Public Scrutiny: These leaders' actions and decisions are subject to intense public scrutiny. The
media and public opinion play a substantial role in shaping their effectiveness and public
perception.
Accountability Mechanisms: While these mechanisms may vary depending on the type of
government, they are crucial for ensuring transparency and trust in leadership.
Global Diplomacy: There are various complexities of engaging in global diplomacy. These
leaders are responsible for building relationships with other nations, navigating international
conflicts, and balancing their own nation's interests with international obligations.
Balance of Interests: Figurehead leaders must skillfully balance their nations' interests with
their responsibilities to the international community. This can involve navigating intricate
alliances, trade agreements, and global crises.
Global Expectations: There are global expectations placed on figurehead leaders, who often
serve as moral guides on global issues. Their words and actions resonate worldwide, making
their roles in international diplomacy even more significant.
Crisis Response: There are any challenges of managing crises, such as natural disasters,
economic downturns, or social unrest. Figurehead leaders must not only make critical decisions
but also reassure the public and maintain national cohesion.
Fostering Unity: Figurehead leaders as unifiers. They must bring together diverse populations,
promote a sense of shared purpose, and inspire hope during challenging times.
Consequences of Choices: There are many potential consequences of their choices, both
domestically and internationally. These leaders often grapple with the weight of their decisions,
knowing that their actions can have far-reaching effects on people's lives.
Climate Change: Figurehead leaders play an important role in addressing pressing global
issues, such as climate change. They are expected to advocate for sustainable practices, set
emissions reduction targets, and engage in international climate agreements.
Global Health: They also have a crucial role in responding to global health crises, as
exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Figurehead leaders must coordinate international
responses, facilitate vaccine distribution, and address public health challenges.
There are certain intricate challenges and substantial responsibilities that figurehead leaders
shoulder. Their roles demand a delicate balance between symbolism and governance, the
management of public expectations, effective diplomacy, crisis leadership, ethical decision-
making, and addressing contemporary global challenges. Recognizing and understanding these
challenges is essential for appreciating the depth and complexity of leadership required in
figurehead roles, which extend well beyond mere symbolism to shape the destinies of nations
and the world.
7. EVOLVING FIGUREHEAD LEADERSHIP IN THE 21ST
CENTURY
The 21st century has ushered in a new era of figurehead leadership, characterized by rapid
technological advancements, changing societal expectations, and global challenges that
demand innovative solutions. This chapter delves into the multifaceted nature of figurehead
leadership in this dynamic era, highlighting how leaders are adapting to and redefining their
roles to meet the evolving needs of their nations and the world.
Digital Era: In the digital age, figurehead leaders harness the power of technology, using social
media, websites, and online platforms to communicate directly with the public. They can
instantly reach a global audience, transforming the way they connect with citizens.
Transparency and Accessibility: Technology has heightened expectations for transparency and
accessibility. Citizens now demand real-time updates on government activities and expect
leaders to respond promptly to inquiries and concerns.
Diversity and Inclusion: Today's leaders are expected to champion diversity, inclusion, and
equality. They must reflect the diverse populations they represent and work diligently to
address issues of discrimination and bias.
Youth Activism: The 21st century has witnessed a surge in youth activism, with younger
generations demanding action on critical issues like climate change, social justice, and gun
control. Figurehead leaders must engage with these impassioned activists and respond to their
calls for change.
Gender Equality: The evolving role of women in figurehead leadership is increasingly
recognized. Female leaders are challenging gender stereotypes, and gender equality is
becoming a central tenet of modern leadership.
Climate Crisis: The urgency of addressing climate change is paramount. Figurehead leaders
must engage in international efforts, commit to sustainable practices, and participate in global
climate agreements to mitigate the climate crisis.
Global Health Pandemics: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for coordinated
global responses to health crises. Leaders must ensure equitable vaccine distribution, prioritize
public health, and collaborate with international organizations.
Crisis Management: Effective crisis management is crucial. Leaders must respond swiftly and
decisively to emergencies, whether natural disasters, economic shocks, or public health crises,
to protect their nations and citizens.
Leadership Styles: Different situations require different leadership styles. Figurehead leaders
may adopt various approaches, from charismatic leadership to transformational leadership,
based on the circumstances they face.
Continual Learning: Lifelong learning is imperative for figurehead leaders. They must stay
informed about emerging issues, engage with experts, and adapt their leadership styles as
needed to address evolving challenges effectively.
Modern figurehead leaders are navigating a rapidly changing landscape shaped by technology,
shifting societal values, and global challenges. To remain effective and relevant, they must
adapt to these changes, leverage technology for transparent communication, address pressing
global issues, champion diversity and inclusion, and demonstrate resilience in the face of crises.
Ultimately, figurehead leaders in the 21st century are redefining their roles to serve as not only
national symbols but also as catalysts for positive change on a global scale. Their leadership
sets the course for a more interconnected, equitable, and sustainable world.
8. THE FUTURE OF FIGUREHEAD LEADERSHIP: TRENDS
AND POSSIBILITIES
The 21st century is marked by rapid technological advancements, evolving global dynamics,
and shifting societal expectations, all of which are poised to reshape the role of figurehead
leaders. In this chapter, we delve into the multifaceted and dynamic landscape that characterizes
the future of figurehead leadership. We explore emerging trends, possibilities, and the potential
impact on leadership in an increasingly interconnected world.
AI and Virtual Presence: Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual presence technologies are
anticipated to revolutionize leadership communication. Figurehead leaders may engage in
virtual town hall meetings, employ holographic appearances, and use AI-driven personalized
communication to connect with citizens.
Data-Driven Decision-Making: The era of big data will empower figurehead leaders to make
more informed policy decisions. They can use data analytics to anticipate crises, gauge public
sentiment, and assess the effectiveness of their policies, enhancing governance efficiency.
International Cooperation: Figurehead leaders will play pivotal roles in forging and sustaining
international cooperation and alliances. They'll work to address global challenges, such as
pandemics, climate change, and cybersecurity threats.
Global Challenges: Leaders must prepare to address an expanding array of global challenges,
necessitating cooperative solutions. This includes advocating for global health equity,
combatting climate change, and promoting peace and stability in an interconnected world.
Interactive Governance: The public's desire for more interactive and participatory governance
models will grow. Figurehead leaders may incorporate digital platforms for citizens to
participate directly in policy-making and decision-making processes.
Social Equity: Advocacy for social equity will be a central theme in figurehead leadership.
Leaders will address issues such as income inequality, healthcare access, and educational
disparities, focusing on creating more equitable societies.
Global Citizenship: The concept of global citizenship will become more prominent. Figurehead
leaders will not only serve their nations but also act as global advocates for humanity's
collective well-being, engaging in global humanitarian efforts.
8.5. Adaptation and Resilience
In a rapidly changing world, figurehead leaders must demonstrate adaptability and resilience.
Leadership Agility: Figurehead leaders will develop greater leadership agility, allowing them
to pivot and respond effectively to unforeseen challenges. This agility will be crucial in
addressing crises, from natural disasters to economic shocks.
Crisis Preparedness: Leaders and governments will prioritize crisis preparedness, ensuring they
are well-equipped to handle a range of crises. This includes robust contingency planning for
natural disasters, pandemics, economic downturns, and cybersecurity incidents.
In conclusion, the role of figurehead leaders in organizations and society is multi-faceted and
carries substantial implications for leadership, management, and the broader community. While
they may hold symbolic or ceremonial positions, their influence reaches far beyond their titles.
Figurehead leaders are, first and foremost, symbols of an organization's identity, values, and
mission. They set the tone for organizational culture, shape its image, and influence its
reputation. As such, they are integral to establishing and maintaining trust with stakeholders,
both internal and external. Their ethical leadership, commitment to core values, and adherence
to ethical standards are foundational for creating a positive work environment and maintaining
public confidence. Moreover, figurehead leaders are increasingly expected to be advocates for
global citizenship, championing causes that extend beyond the boundaries of their
organizations or nations. They play a crucial role in addressing pressing global challenges,
fostering cooperation, and promoting ethical behavior on a global scale. In this context, their
actions and decisions have far-reaching consequences.
President Joe Biden serves as the figurehead of the United States, embodying the nation's
values, ideals, and leadership on the global stage. His role as a figurehead extends far beyond
symbolism, as he carries the weight of the American presidency, a position of immense
responsibility and influence. As a figurehead leader, President Biden has engaged in a range of
symbolic and ceremonial duties, from representing the United States at international summits
to addressing the nation in times of crisis. His leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic, for
instance, has underscored the importance of ethical decision-making, scientific integrity, and
empathy in times of public health emergencies.
The term figurehead often has negative connotations associated with it. However, in terms
ofmanagement it is one of the most crucial and necessary roles. As the President of a nation,
especially one like the United States of America, in contrast to most countries with
Parliamentary forms of government, where the President is also the head of the Executive
Branch of government, being the figurehead is not merely ceremonial. Rather it is position with
great power vested in it and is arguably the most powerful electoral position in the world.
Consequently, it brings certain duties along with it, such as – being the chief diplomat of
the country, having unilateral control on the military forces, and Due to their office, they
command a great deal of news coverage and get to strongly influence the national conversation
on a great many issues, setting the tone for their party and, if they are in control, their
government.
Biden’s rule as the President of USA is steadily leaning towards the conventional meaning
of the term figurehead, i.e., someone with no real power, for what effectively amounts to
be an oligarchy, run by the elitist. For his position to be effective there has to be judicial
exercise of his powers and represent the country not just as a ceremonial head but as a
leader. For e.g. - While Congress may determine what those laws are and what spending levels
are for any given agency, the POTUS has broad discretion in how those laws are enforced
and how those funds are spent. A good example of this was Obama's position towards the
legalization of marijuana in many states - Marijuana is still illegal at a federal level, which
means that it is still illegal in every state, but Obama directed his organization to not enforce
that law. The President, like the King, has not merely been constitutionally romanticized but
actually vested with a pervasive and persuasive role. It is the role of the President, being the
biggest dignitary of the realm, tobe the embodiment of unity of the country, keep the country
and the people bonded together.
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY