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The electronic Components and their applications

Presentation · December 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23840.66566

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Mojtaba Al-Kinani Teeba Yaqoob

Al-Ayen University Al-Ayen University
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Al-ayen University | Technical Engineering College –
Medical Instrumentations Dept.

The electronic Components and

their applications

Done by : Mojtaba Al-Kinani

Component1:Diode
A diode is a two-terminal device that allows electric
current to flow in only one direction. Thus, it is the
electronic equivalent of a check valve or a one-way
street. It is commonly used to convert an Alternating
Current (AC) into a Direct Current (DC). It is made
either of a semiconductor material (semiconductor
diode) or vacuum tube (vacuum tube diode). Today, Fig (1): Diode
however, most diodes are made from semiconductor
material, particularly silicon. As in the following
figure(1&2):

Fig(2): Diode in the circuit

Component2: Zener Diode
A Semiconductor Diode blocks current in the reverse
direction, but will suffer from premature breakdown
or damage if the reverse voltage applied across
becomes too high can be used to produce a
stabilised voltage output with low ripple under
varying load current conditions. By passing a small
current through the diode from a voltage source, via Fig (3): Zener Diode
a suitable current limiting resistor (RS), the zener
diode will conduct sufficient current to maintain a
voltage drop of Vout . . As in the following figure(3&4):

Fig(4): Zener Diode in the circuit

Component 3: Transistor
One of the most crucial components of an electronic
circuit, transistors have revolutionized the field of
electronics. These tiny semiconductor devices with
three terminals have been around for more than five Fig(5):
decades now. They are often used as amplifiers and Transistor
PNP
switching devices. You can think of them as relays
without any moving parts because they can turn
something ‘on’ or ‘off’ without any movement. As in the
following figure(5&6&7):
Fig(6):
Transistor
NPN

Fig(7): Transistor in the circuit

Component 5: Capacitor
Capacitors are widely used to build different types of
electronic circuits. A capacitor is a passive two-
terminal electrical component that can store energy in
an electric field electrostatically. In simple terms, it
works as a small rechargeable battery that stores
electricity. However, unlike a battery, it can charge and
discharge in the split of a second. As in the following
figure(8&9): Fig(8): Capacitor

Fig(9): Capacitor in the circuit

Component 6: Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical device that
resists the flow of current. It is probably the simplest
element in an electronic circuit. It is also one of the
most common components as resistance is an inherent
element of nearly all electronic circuits. They are usually
color-coded. Resistors have plenty of applications, but
the three most common ones are managing current
flow, dividing voltage. As in the following figure(10&11):
Fig(10): Resistor

Fig(11): Resistor in the circuit

Component 4: Relay
A relay is an electromagnetic switch that can open and close
circuits electromechanically or electronically. You need a
relatively small current to operate a relay. Usually, they are
used to regulate low currents in a control circuit. However,
you can also use relays to control high electric currents. A
relay is the electrical equivalent of a lever. You can switch it on
with a small current to turn on (or leverage) another circuit Fig(12): Relay
using large current. Relays are either electromechanical relays
or solid-state relays. As in the following figure(12&13):

Fig(13):Relay work in the circuit

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