1 AVOIDING UNNECESSARY DETAIL 3 BEING IMPRECISE ABOUT QUANTITY

AND TIME
a Complete the conversations with bit, stuff, or thing.
a Complete the answers with around, least, most,
1 A Are you getting the train back to uni?
odd’ So, or Something
B No, luckily my parents said they'd drive me. I've
H many peop I a were th ere a‘ th e d emons t ra Fion.7
got loads of and it!” be much easier
Oh’
OM: 500‘
to just put it all in the car.
m

2
There must have been 500 or .

2 A What's wrong with your pen? Maybe Soojm?

B The top 's dropped off and I can't get A‘ la 450- and 3‘ Se 525‘

it to work. How old were most of the demonstrators?

Oh, 20-‘ T, I'd say.
3 A What do you think of the hotel? , , _

B We", therels one llrn not Very keen on.

b
Q 1.4 Listen ind check. \{\’/)I'1lCI’1 expressions
maximum an minimum
mean

A Whatls that?
.

B Well, the bar's nice, but it's really noisy, and you
can hear the music from our room.
4 WHATEVER’ WHENEVERI ETC.
b G 1.2 Listen and check. Then match the words to 3 C° mPlete the ° ° ” Ve'5ah° h5 Wlth ‘_"’ hate"e"r
the definitio.-,5_
yyhenever, wherever, whoever, whichever,
Dweller‘
or

1 We use (in singular or plural) to refer to an

object or situation which isn't described.

7
,

1 What “ me
2 We use (in singular or plural) to refer to 2 (::i¥:uOv:'Ja'I::|T m7:eh.t7here'
y y‘ '

part or section of something, often when

'
don't
T

a we

know the exact word that describes it. ‘ ‘

2 A Is it OK if I ask Sean and Jerry to the party?

3 We use (only in Singular’ uncountable) to
B Ask you "ke' so long as 't 5 not more
refer to more than one object. it can also be used
w

the" 20'° dd pe° ple‘

totalk about ideas, e.g. There was all this in his ~

speech about the environment which I didn't really

‘ I I

understand. We can also use it after and to avoid 3 A NICE menu! l TeallY farm)’ the l0lDSt9f, OF I5 It to!)

long list ofthings, expensive?

giving a e.g. I'm just not into going
to parties, getting dressed up, and all that ~. B Have T you like! The company's paying.

4 A That's it. Checkmate.

2 BEING IMPRECISE USING -ISH we“ ,
,3 Wm 50 amy,ng_ PM you

G 1.3 Listen to the three conversations. Then answer

always w""
the questions.
5 A Tea or coffee?
B s easiest. I in happy with either.
1 A What colour her eyes? T

are

B A sort of greenish brown. _ _ _

6 A Did you know the dog's chewing your slipper?

B l hide them he always
2 A What time do you usually get up? Not agalnl ‘ W

finds them‘
B Well, normally 6-ish, but later at weekends.

3 A Are you hungry? b Q 1.5 Listen and check. What meaning does ever

B lsh. I don't mind add to What: When: etc:-7

stopping for lunch if you want
to‘?
D A one-word answer with Whatever
1 What phrase could you use instead of sort ofin1? Wl7aT9V9" 15 5° m9Tlme5 115901 T0 be V39“ ?-‘ ll‘ 3"

2 What meaning does -ish give when added to an '"‘ P° l'te W9)’ : 9-9‘
Father: You spend far too much time on your phone.
adjective or time?
3 What does ~ish mean when used on its own? Daughtefi What?-‘ Vefl

140
° "'7

www.frenglish.ru
 1 PARTICLE FIRST
Q Form and meaning of phrasal nouns

Ph I iiouhs aie f eahiie Of

ia.5a afcoihused
iiioh. a Complete the phrasal nouns in bold with a particle from the
. . .

English’ They are 0 ten in more

list Write the P article in the column on the ri 9 ht
formal contexts, and convey meaning in a
’ ’

concise way.
3 6|’ OWN In CU U
0 We form many phrasal using a nouns

particle (after, in, under, etc.) + a verb, Parfide

with the Particle 9° h"9 either heh° 'eI 6-9‘ his
1 His parents were actors, so bringing was @
aftershave, or after, e.g. check-in. When rather unusuai
the particle “ mes before the Verb’ the
2 We need to offer more financial support to
phrasal noun is not usually hyphenated. people low
on comes
The Stress is always ° h the first W° id' 5'9‘
3 Both teams are on top form —
it's impossible to
é hershavel %"'h' predict the come of the match.
' 5° ""‘ 9tl” "e5 the Ph"353l "0Ur1f0I'm is 4 Just as we left the cinema, there was a sudden
different: pour, and we got soaked.

bring up(phr V) _

upbringing (phr n) 5 I like that brand of sweeteners ~

they don't leave

N01" Hpbmg any nasty taste. T

6 When changes to policy were

. The meaning ofa phrasal noun can immigration
relate to the literal meaning of the verb +
ahh° ” hCed' there was '3 Pubhc cry‘ T

particle: 7 A series of political misjudgements eventually led

to the fall of the president.
wearsth understh else=to have
8 H b db k,is an Uh for t “ ha t e ‘ e ffec t 0 fh er
one

underwear
article of clothing
clothes that you
under another
under
Cfriaciideiiti T

_“ be Suniny toda
=
wear

Others
9 It WI y, b u (the look for the T

weekend is rain.
' Phrasal houhs can have ih° ie than Ohe
10 We were supposed to be working as a team i
but
meaning, often reflecting different I had almost no Put‘
meanings of the Verb’ 99' the breakup of 11 Could you give us an date on the progress
the marriage
(.='e‘nding), the break-up ofa of our house Sake?
Company (= division into Smaiiei parts)’ emotional
12 After an burst, she ran into her
bedroom, crying.
13 People felt the shocks many days after the
earthquake.
""

\\ 14 Our initial
made a success
lay was high,
of the business.
but eventually we
/
; L i
5'2 ‘
15 The
the
documentary is about the events
break of World War I.
leading up
to

16 There has been a very high take of the free

courses we advertised.
17 As a result ofa turn in sales, several stores
i’

have been closed.

keep of the
‘ i

‘X,
18 The entrance fee
house and gardens.
helps with the

X‘ 19 Your recommended
about six teaspoons.
daily take of sugar is

Kurt,
—

i‘
fl__
b Q 1.16 Listen and check. Which has the main stress, the
ii

verb the particle?

"

or

Cover the Particle column. Say the sentences with

'

'
ACTIVATION
K

'

the correct phrasal nouns.

i

9 p.142 Part 2

‘I41

www.frenglish.ru
 VOCABULARY BANK

2 VERB FIRST

a Complete the phrasal nouns in bold with a verb from the list.
Write the verb in the column on the right.

back break (X2) climb come let mix rip set turn write

Verb
1 £ 150 for a T-shirt? That's a complete -0“ ! ma
2 After insisting he could negotiate a new deal, he was forced
into a down.
3 After ten years out of the sport, he's made an amazing
back and reached the final.
4 After years of research into a cure for the disease, they have
finally had a through.
5 Family -ups increase the risk of childhood depression.
6 I find musicals a bit of a -off. They'rejust not my cup
of tea.

7 I'm afraid there's been a bit of a -up. I think I've got

your case and you've got mine.
8 I've only been in the job a couple of weeks, so I still don't
really know the -up.
9 It was a bit of a -down when my friends cancelled at

the last minute.

10 Nobody was hurt in the accident, but my car's a complete
-off.
11 The police called for up when they were

unable to cope with the violent crowd.

break give go hold make melt set stand turn write

12 She pretended she liked her present, but her expression

7
' '
’

was

a real away.
13 Sorry, we're going to be about 20 minutes late. There's a
‘
_’ i—
.
,

-up on the motorway. '

'-

14 There was a really good out for the march —

over ( ,~
' ‘z
50,000 people.
'

15 The shop's had a over and it's now much more modern. “ ' I‘; ii-
The team suffered
i

16 a major back when their captain

17
was injured.
There has been a down in communication between
D N I
r ,1

‘ i
the government and the unions.
i
18 We chose the restaurant because it had a really good m

-up on Tripadvisor. T 1‘ _,.

19 We're just waiting to be given the -ahead before

i

we start working on the project.

new

20 We're on by for the evening flight —

let's hope there
are SOITIE free seats.
‘
I
21 When my boss saw the sales
figures, she had a complete
down and started shouting at us.

b Q 1.17 Listen and check. Which has the main stress, the verb or

the particle?

ACTIVATION Cover the Verb column. Say the sentences with the correct
phrasal nouns. G P-12
142

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 O O
"° ° A'3” ” ‘ RY BANK
Prefixes and suffixes

‘l PREFIXES 2 NOUN AND ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

a Complete the Meaning column with words from a Add a suffix to words from the list to make nouns
the list. and write them in the Examples column, making
any necessary spelling changes.
across against all around before (x2) beneath
beside beyond large one over the same aeeurate achieve adverse bore censor

small witleeet competent fragrant ideal inspire intimate

invade marr owner ortra P ure race stiff
P"efiX Meaning Example store survive] treat unppleasznt wise
1 a / an withg it amoral, anaemic
2 ante antenata| Noun suffixes Examples
3 circum 1 ‘ 3C.V TY T
M “ !
circumnavigate
2 '59‘?
4 contra / o contradict, controversial T T

3 ‘ al
5 extra , extraordinary T T

more than 4 -ance / -ence T T

6 fore foresee 5 -do"! T T

7 homo homogenous 6 -ism T T

8 hyper hyperactive 7 -ity T T

T,

above 8 -ment

9 infra ,
infrastructure 9 -ness

below 10 -Ship
10 macro macroeconomics 11 .5,‘on/ .350” / .ation

:12 T

T,
Srfrfscope
potent
b Add
,
suffix to words from the list to make
a
_ , ,

every
adjectives and write them in the Examples
13 paramedic column, making any necessary spelling changes.
para

1; T

tra_~sat'anric
Um umcom
o

glamour home instrument leve metaphor

picture rebel snob soul
b Q 2_7 Listen and check. oppress reverse

speech statue truth

c Decide which prefix from a you could use in front
Adjective suffixes Examples
of the following:
, , , , ,
‘l —able/ -ible lovable reversible
1 judicial / terrestrial / curricular
2 _al
lucent / mission / Iation
T T

2
3 _eSque
warned/told/cast
T T

3
4 Jul
T

/ ference / spect
T T

4 vent . .

,
5 —ic/ -ical
5 cosm chip / / wave
6 _ous/ _'.ouS
T

T T

6 T
vorous/present/bus 7 _iSh
lympics/ normal / site
T T

7
8 _'.ve
8 / form / lateral
T T

verse
9 -less
cl G 2.8 Listen and check. 10 -y

c G 2.9 Listen and check the answers to a and b.

D Chameleon
lea'” l” 9 the dlfle'e"‘ type‘ ° f p"efi"e5'
W_l“‘j" Y° “ are

word
ACTIVATION Make definitions for nouns or adjectives
't '5
r°me'_
'"_1p_° 'ta"t t° " be_'
these combinations
that "° t
evfery
prefix. There
from the page, without using the base word, for your
containing IS a are
partner to guess_
words, sometimes known as chameleons, which begin
with what jocks “ kg a prefix adding meaning, but _
It's a noun. It's something you use to look at very small
thingsg
where the remaining letters be separated

8';
cannot to an adjective, It’; mainly used for
form an independent word, e.g. anaemic, triathlon. 1 places and means pretty, attractive.
’”
‘T ° p.18
—

143

www.frenglish.ru
 W 1‘
moving
Move quickly
Q Varying your vocabulary
The more varied your language, both in speaking dash rush Speed Swim tear
and writing, the better you will be able to express
yourself, and understand other people. Sometimes 6 sped Jack jumped on his bike and away.
the difference in meaning between a group of 7 We've got plenty of time There's no

words is quite subtle, and each word may not have need to .

a different translation in your language, so using an 8 fame Oh,’ shouted she

Gemgie, as

advanced monolingual dictionary will be the best way off excitedly down the street.
to get the exact meaning: In reality, verbs are often 9 As she was cj,-ivghg a|Ong’ a man suddenly

interchangeable,depending on the context. across the road in from of her_

10 He the last few metres and passed
a Complete the verb column in each section with the finish line first.
the best verb for the context in the correct form. ,_
y »
—

, _

~A, § :
7
E ‘ -‘
slowly
@
Move .
-

trudge mooch amble wander stroll

_

_"‘j c

',
\
J
.

,
4»
. v

i
_ g
'

-‘=_.‘
'

1 ambled Bill casually detached himself from the -

.‘ .
.

_
.
'

group and slowly over to us. -

‘

M
“
about moodily with his friends.
'

2 Sam
'

— —
.
T

3 l around the town for an hour l .

ortwo, sometimes getting lost in the T-

1
narrow little streets. ,
4 At the end of a long day, the boys
‘ V

:WL
home wearily.
l
5 We along the beach, holding
hands and watching the sun go down, Move with confidence or attitude

march storm stride strut swagger

ll stormed She furiously out of the cafe,

vowing neverto see him again.
12 After winning his legal battle, Sir Philip
l
up and down outside the court like
l \ A
53
l _
_,
=
a peacock, posing forthe cameras.

13 My boss into her office and

" “ ‘

'
""
"
'

slammed the door.

'
1 14 We looked on disapprovingly while he
around the room, as if he owned
the place.
15 Every morning last summer, she
across the park for her daily exercise.

if

v‘

,4 .-1'
l

I
,

0
.
'

lo .
. .
’ _

t I
V
\

,
J
‘
*9
~

144

www.frenglish.ru
 VOCABULARY BANK

Move quietly or secretively .

ereeje skulk slip sneak tiptoe

_'

16 fiot
c He up the stairs,
slowly trying not
9
to wake his parents. i‘

17 Amanda quickly out of the house ;.~'

without anyone noticing.

18 We caught a youth trying to into ‘

r’

the match without paying. —

-
-
.
:

_
'

19 He thought someone was behind s

.
[1,-‘
V
the bushes, but it was only a cat.
20 When the baby was asleep at last, she .—

-
_ _
V
' i
'

out of the room.

Move like an animal

pad prowl scamper trot waddle

26 wacldled (e.g. a penguin)

'

A rather large man down the road towards me.

27 T
(e.g. a pony)
We after our tour guide as he led us towards
the cathedral.

_
»
28 (eg. a lion)
The stranger suspiciously around the alleyway
and then disappeared into a building.
29 (e.g. a mouse)
The children out to play.
Move with difficulty
30 (e.g. a big cat)
l1ll<e limp Siifamble it-3§ 9€ F Wade He across the room and looked out of the
window.
21 staggered After spending rather too long in the
pub, we home and fell into bed. l3 Q 2.13 Listen and check.
22 Andrew hurt his knee when he was
verbs for your partner to
_ _

tackled and off the pnch. ACTIVATION In pairs, mime

heavuyl
23 in order to see the gorillas, we had to guess‘
throu h the rainforest for over
three hours? ° 923

24 She cliff, holding on to

up the
bushes to help her, and collapsed when
she reached the top.
25 The backpackers downstream,
treading carefully as they went.

-
Q.

.~ 1.
.

3:
P

145

www.frenglish.ru
 Idioms from Shakespeare
2 VERB
Q The influence of Shakespeare
.5 h a k espeare Wrote at I east
3 7 p I ays ind 1 5 4
somlets’ and
Complete the sentences with the correct
.

a
introduced thousands of new words into the
English language.
Sh a k ,d,
' lom A I Ch ange t h e Var b
e,fsPeare
_

About one tenth of the most quoted lines in English are by him. '

f 0"" I necessary‘
We often use his idioms and phrases in modern English without
even knowing that they come from Shakespeare's plays. 1 Fashion has come full circle, and long skirts
are now back, like in the 70s.
2 Our dog needs a ridiculous amount of
food. He's .

1 NOUN
3 I could tell immediately that Jackie was

a Read the conversations and match the bold Shakespeare

upset‘
Sh?It T’

idioms to their modern meanings A_G_

4 lthought was best
thatll told Matt what I
knew about his new girlfriend. Sometimes

, , you have to .

1 A My salafy good’ but I really hate the Job"

?
B Money isn tthe be-all and end-all, you know.
5 The boss is furious with you about

y estefda y ,S meetin Ithink on shmnd

(Macbeth) tghis mornxig and keep
out of his way.
2 A I still haven't done my Christmas shopping.
6 A man turned up at the door pretending
B I did all mine yesterday in one fell swoop.
to be a policeman and tned to Convince
(Macbeth)
my grandmother to give him her credit
card details. Luckily, I was there, and
3 A We must do some work in the garden this weekend. I ,

B Yes, it's a sorry sight at the moment. 7 Te||]ng a joke is a good way to
(Macbeth) at the start of a

presentation.
4 A The pub gets too crowded for me nowadays. 8 I drank far too much coffee yesterday, and
B Yes, there's not much elbow room at the bar, I must admit. as a result I .

(King John) 9 Nobody knows what happened to

the missing walkers. They seem to
5 A Did you manage to find those shoes you wanted? l13Ve T

B No, I wasted all morning on a wild goose chase. A eat Sb out of house and home (Henry [V
(Romeo and Juliet) Pan 2)

6 A Those awful people next door have moved out. C be crue| to be kind (Hanger)
5 "ldda"‘ ° !
G_;'eat “SW5! G°_:3)d
(“ '0' “ S 3" Cress’
D not
E
sleep a wink
(Cymbellne)
vanish into thin air (Othello)
F send sb packing (Henry IV Part 1)
‘ r

7 A
James rpfuses to speak to his son since he dropped out of
G wear your heart on your s1eeVe(otneHo)
UnlV9l'Sl . .

[H
B I think that's awful. How
blood like that?
can he treat his own flesh and
E:e|:l:Vt:1,:L;: E12: :l:bn;l3tg’:;tthh'_:Sf)hreW)
(The MerCl'13nf0fVenlCe) b Q 3.11 Listen and check. With a partner,
say what you think the idioms mean.

A space to move E I'm so glad they've gone. _ .

Ch° ° 5e
B 1 the most important thing F all at once, in one go Ac_T'VAT'° N threg 'd'° ':"5' and try to
think of a new sentence in which you could
C a useless Search for stn 6 family
use them‘
D in a bad state, a mess

b Q 3.10 Listen and check.

ACTIVATION Work in pairs. A (book open) read the first sentence.

B (book closed) try to remember the response.

146

www.frenglish.ru
 VOCABULARY BANK

3 EXPRESSIONS

a Look at the bold Shakespeare idioms and try to work out

.
their meaning. ‘

: .V

1 Whether you
neither here
want to

nor
do this
there —
you're
job is

going to do it.
_,,

(
‘

l
1‘
i
-—
'

i “ '
’

11
V

-' ' V

~-
,

(Othello)
7 .

_\ ‘ . '- L
.

g,_ ,,.
j ‘ ,.k\
_

,4
A.§ p 3 1 J

I can't watch another episode! Sometimes you

I ‘

L.‘
2 .
.s.: .,

can have too much of a good thing.

(As You Like It)

'

ill‘ -'
i
—
:91‘
J ’ \J
"
‘

I A‘ "

3 The party V
s a secret, so mum s
I
the word. .

Y3: _ "ll
4
(Henry
You're
vi Part 2)

only 21, young and healthy; /

I

/_
"“ 1 5

the world 5 your oyster‘

‘ He's, like, ‘To be or not to be,’ and I'm, like, ‘ Get a life."
(The Merry Wives of Windsor)

5 He's such a funny man; he had me in stitches

all night.
(Twelfth Night)

6 I'm your best friend. You can rely on me,

come what may.
(Macbeth)

7 Can you help? I'm in a bit ofa pickle.

(The Tempest)

8 In my heart of hearts, I knew it was the

wrong decision.
(Hamlet)

b Match idioms 1-8 to their meanings.

A you can achieve anything or go anywhere
B more than you need of something, even when
it'ssomething you like
C whatever happens
D 1 irrelevant, unimportant
E made me laugh
F in a difficult situation
G deep down (l was certain about it)
H don't say anything to anyone

c Q 3.12 Listen and check.

ACTIVATION Cover sentences 1-8 and look at the

meanings. Say the idioms.

G p.31

‘I47

www.frenglish.ru
 VOCABULARY BANK
Binornials

1 NOUN 5 prioritized else

abozefanything
an oremost

a Read the sentences and definitions, and complete ~, the main advantage of foreign travel is thatyou get
the bold binomial phrases with a word from the list. to know other cultures.
6 over a large area

buts egg ends error gloom needles and wide

parcel times The singer's fans had come from ~
to see their idol.
7 of reasonable quality, enjoyable, despite being
book describes the life and times of Charles
_ _ . I

1 This new
inexpensive
Dickens in 19th-century London. and cheerful
(= the life and What it was like in that period) Our local restaurant is ~, but the food is pretty good.
2 We're almost ready for the party, but there are a few
8 Ver y thin
odds and still to be done.
and bone
(= small, unimportant things)
Slmon h as got rea Hyr HIn h e slust
. .
,
_

'

3 I told her to finish her homework by 9 p.m., no its

0|’ 4 (= no excuses) b Q 4.5 Listen and check.
4 After driving for four hours, I got terrible pins and
L
in my leg. (= an uncomfortable feeling
after sitting or lying in an awkward position) 3 PHRASES WITH REPETITION
5 Taking notes in meetings is part and of
_ _ _ .

the bold binomials sentences 1-‘? to their

myjob (= an e55entia| part Of) a
Match in

6 Despite losing three matches in a row, it's not all me3n'"95 A‘ l-

doom and T
for the team —they'll almost 1 G In the end, we had a heart-to-heart and she told
certainly have an easy win against the Faroe Islands. me why she was so upset
(= 6 leellng that eVe"YTl‘ ln9 Wlll 90 badly) 2 I've told you again and again not to be late for
7 There instructions, but we managed
were no to put 5ghoo|_ and here are 5ti|| in bed at 8_00!
you
the 5l"elVe5 togetllei bY trial and in my bed he's little
e
3 My nephew put a frog —
a so-
(= trying various methods until you are successful) and_s° _
8 the Val" becallse ltis but
l>?°Ple d° T'_ t U59

because
eXPe"‘.
people
5lVe'
it. It
- 4 My niece adores living in London. She's a city girl
itsexpensive not many use s a
through and through‘
clllclmfin and
m
Sltuatlom unfortunately‘ 5 Wed spoken many times on the phone, but we'd
(= difficult to tell which one of two things was the
never met face to face.
Cause ofthe other)
6
The puppy was very timid at first, but little by
b Q 4_4 Listen and check little we persuaded him to trust us.

7 it's but if just take things step

lbknow
y step,
difflicult, througyllqou
you'| get it.
2 8 Sadly, poverty and obesity often go hand in hand,
as healthy food is more expensive.

a Complete the binomials with a word from the list. 9 Scott and Johnson were neck and neck um” the
last 50 yards, when Scott pulled ahead.

A together in real life F completely

I decide in a way that cannot be changed orargued about B Cl03elY Colmected e‘ 3“ ‘ l”*9’*e5l"3l“ d’
gt and dried C level in a race or ” @“ 3gW
All decisions have been taken. Everything is ~.
C° mP9tltl° ” H 3” 3"” ° Yln9 0V

2 not done in a careful, planned D ma|'IY times '~‘ "Ple353"t Pe"5° ”

way
and miss E gradually l (deal With Sth) One

5999 at 3 “ me
The conference was a bit ~. Some great talks, but
5° me awm ‘mes’ too‘
b ® 4.6 Listen and check.
3 travelling around talking to people
and 35° “ in all three
T

ACTIVATION Practise saying the binomials

llm 9Xl73“ 5ted- We all "” ° ”"l“ 9»
l3ee”_ ”

sections. Make sure you link the words where

4 Slmple and P"ePared qU'Cl<lY: but 900d e"0U9l1 appropriate and use the weak form of and where
3"d 'e3dY
T

necessary.
The hostel was a bit ~, but at least it was cheap and it
was a bed for the night. G [339
148

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 C O C C
"° ° AB” LARY BANK
Acronyms and initialisms

"
Q Acronyms and initialisms
_

Acronyms and initialisms are a useful way to convey

essential information quickly, but obviously, only if .«
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—
.. Me...

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you know what they mean! Acronyms are pronounced

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as words, eg. the charity UNICEF "jLi:iii~'cl'.’, but "=,' l~'’ T‘ l
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initialisms are pronounced as individual letters, e.g. v
‘ I’
S.
V
the CIA i,si: ill ‘cit. With the arrival of social media 9‘
Szlhb T

$<eY3i‘°°
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and messaging, many more informal acronyms and

initialisms have come into use as shorthand for
longer
phrases. These were originally only used in writing, /l
but are gradually also being used in spoken English. '\

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1 COMMON ACRONYMS AND
D
,

L a Ein mi_t_ia I,isms

There are several initialisms in common use in both

Spoke" and
a Look at what the letters stand for. Complete the Wnttell E,"9l'Sh,wl"°h refer t° lfatln W° rdS'
missing words. eg. a.m.
(ante meridiem before midday) and p.m.
(post meridiem = after midday ).
1 AIDS Deficiency Syndrome
_ _ _

Acquired Immune
ch C° nfer(= compare)
2 AKA Also Known A _ _ g

'3‘ ‘ d 9“ l‘ that '5’

3 ASAP As Soon As P
4 AWOL Absent WithOut L N3 "Ora bane l= take “ Mel

5 CEO chief Executive 0 PhD philosophiae doctor (= a doctorate)

6 DIY Do It Y QED quod erat demonstrandum (= thus it has been
7 DOB Date Of B shown)
3 ETA Efilmated Time Of AT RIP requiescat in pace (= rest in peace)
9 FAQ Frequently Asked 0
‘IO FYI ForYour|
11 GDP Gross Domestic PT 2 ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS IN
‘I2 GIF
Graphic-Interchange F
13 GMT Greenwich Mean T
14 HIV Human Immunodeficiency V a Look at what the letters stand for. Complete the
15 HR Human R missing words.
16 MBA Master of Business A 1 1-BH To Be Honest

By The ‘r
I7 MP Member of P 2 BTW
18 NASA National Aeronautics and Space A 3 LQL Laugh out L
19 PA Personal AA 4 BFF Best Friends F
20 POTUS President OfThe United 5 5 OMW on My w
21 POW Prisoner OfW 6 OMG oh My 5
22 PR Public RT 7 FOM0 Fear of Missing 0
23 SUV Sports Utility VT 8 AFAIK As Far As I K
24 UFO Unidentified Flying O 9 [M0 InMy 0
25 USB Universal Serial B 10 3R3 Be Right 3
26 USP Unique Selling P
b Q 4.14 Listen and check.
b Q 4.12 Listen and check.
c Now‘ an of t h e I etter g rou P sin a t h at y ou
c Nowany
think
of the letter groups in a that you think are acroihyms,
are acronyms.
d Q 4.15 Listen and check.
d Q 4.13 Listen and check.
ACTIVATION Cover the words and look at the acronyms
/ initialisms. Say what the letters stand for. G p.43
I49

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 M l1’ t. t Cl t‘

D Bf° ade"l"9 Y0"? V° C="b"la"Y Before you do each section, with a

Many of the words which express emotions in English are synonyms Partner, Iook at the adjectives in the
and used interchangeably (e.g. pleasedl happy, incensed/ irate), and |i5t5 and think ca,-efu||y about their
you'll find very similar definitions for them in a dictionary. However,
meaning Then use your instinct to
it's important to be aware of different shades of meaning, differences do the eXercises_
in register and usage, and common collocations.

1 ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE EMOTIONS Anger

Happiness Mild anger
cross displeased frus
flted peeved
Mild happiness
amused comgted ggtified pleased Anger
. eiperated i_Li‘/zi:~pni'cilit| ind
gnant
H'3PP'"e55 o@ded resentful
cheerful glad gtisfied gigbeat
Intense anger
> .

lntefise l‘ 3PPl"e55
'

..
; infised ig |_ivid _
o iJtraged
ecfitic elated exflarated igviloiciiiil ‘ .
._
’

a he correct adjective, or tick (/) if both are possible. g __.-|-

'‘
T
1 They were absolutely ecstatic/ overjoyed when, after years in ‘ \
opposition, their party
2 Are you pleased/ elated with your
finally won the election.
new bag? I spent ages
, .

5“
‘
i

‘
choosing it. ‘
3 Now I've retired, l'm quite <:ontented/ satisfied with my life. I feel
relaxed and I don't miss working at all. .
u
"-
4 After a morning skiing, I felt totally exhilarated/ gratified.
wonderful
‘

5 Andrea had been really struggling with the problem, but after
discussing it with her colleague, she felt little upbeat/ glad. ‘

a more g

Sadness
1 c he best adjective in each group.
Mild 5ad"e55 Decide whether the other two are
‘ >

l£ le55 l° W “ PL? EM possible, and er-esseut any you think are

. ‘

Sadness " “
\.
Wrong
V
K
Dad will
V ' _

‘I /
dejflted disw
iraged di§n_
inted gioomy ,

"'

‘
bedabioluthely crolss lI|i:lCl/
exasperate w en e rea izest at you've
Intense sadness 4 3 failed all your A levels.
gvastated
d fitted inconglable 2 lwas bit peevedl indignantl outraged
_
m iserab|e a
~.~..,,‘ W
\ ‘
l that
a

nobody had told me about the party.

3 She's still feeling rather offended / livid/
b option in each group that isn't possible. Fe5enfl‘ Ul been left 0Ut 0)‘ the
Gresseut one at
h_a‘/lntg
She Ihmks unlam
W_aS really
team" lt
1 Lily's feeling a bit better today, but she's still rather tired and
devastated/ ,oW/ “ mess.
4
Tony spent hours trying unsuccessfully to
fix the TV he got so peeved/ frustratedl
—

2 After Sacha stormed out of the room,

.

we all sat there in a

dis leased he a‘ mOSt threw it out of the
gutted/ miserable / gloomy silence.
winpdowy
3 Don't be discouraged / dispirited/ wistful. If you keep on
5 The full of incensedl irate /
. .

. .
,
to
. shop was cross
practising, you re sure pass your test next time. .

the unfortunate
, , ,
customers, all shouting at
4 Poppy was devoted to that dog. When it died, she was listlessl
shop assistants '

devastated/ inconsolable.
S The match was a disaster. We lost 7-0. l'm upsetl devastatedl
gutted.

150

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Fear and anxiety 2 IDIOMS TO DESCRIBE EMOTIONS

a Look at some idioms that describe feelings.

— For each one, decide which feeling it describes
and write A (anger), F (fear), H (happiness), or

S (sadness).
W"
a“

y” ‘
‘ - You can...
\
,3 ,
V

y
*
1 S be down in the dumps
4 ’r> 2 be in the depths of despair
-
‘ i
3 be on top of the world
r__ _
4 be over the moon

5 be scared to death
6 go to pieces
7 have sinking feeling
a

8 (nearly) jump out of your skin

llke
Mild fear and
appreh
anxiety
lsive disconggted ungsy flry “ wcari
1;? Take
t row a W0
ablzlaf y

5 thv

d ,
..°"":,.;:::;:r:‘.:::“ “ "
12 make your blood boil
13 scare the living daylights out of you
intense fear and anxiety
aghast oyuzsl filled with dread ignic-stricken 14 make YOU’ da)’
Emf'ec b Q 5.2 Listen and check. With a partner, decide
whether they refer to mild or intense feelings.
d Complete the sentences with the best word from
the list. Sometimes more than one answer may be ACTIVATION With a partner, choose five idioms and
possible. describe a time when you felt like this.

I was alone in the house watching a horror film when

39 est panlosmc en ran 5 uneasy wary
suddenly somebody knocked on the door -
I nearly
’

1“ ’ "F'ed ° U1’ 0 f my 5 k‘ml ,

1 After hours of desperate searching by her

parents, they found the child asleep under a tree.

2 The suspect was clearly

° pi 46
by the police
officer's questions he couldn't stop fidgeting.
—

3 When the inspectors arrived at the refugee centre,

they were at the awful conditions.
4 Bob suggested we go into business together, but I
was of getting involved. I didn't quite trust
him.
5 Everything looked calm and orderly, but something
made Marcel feel .

e G 5.1 Listen and check your answers to a—d.

ACTIVATION partner. A say a category, e.g.

Test a

’ intense anger’ . B try to remember the four adjectives

from the group. Swap roles.

151

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 Common adverb collocations

1 ADVERB + ADJECTIVE OR PAST PARTICIPLE

a Complete the Adverb column with an adverb from the list to make common collocations with the adjectives
or past participles.

badly blissfully fiercely firmly fully happily highly painfully prohibitively quietly reasonably ridiculously

Adverb Adjective /
Past participle

1 available Extra information is online.

2 Most climbers who attempt Mount Everest are of the risks.

3 I remember the weather was that winter.

4
; My brother and I are —
we both always want to win.

5
; It's not certain that I'll get the job, but I am .

6
; The exercise was .
I finished it in under five minutes.

7 We loved our family party —

the whole thing was .

8
; Not enough people have installed solar panels, largely because the cost is still .

9 When you're a teenager, it's to feel angry.

10
; Dad is a lot better after his illness, but he's still .

11 Sandy was that his wife and his sister hated each other.

12 We are with the poor quality of the work.

13 In the USA, you are to show your ID in a bar if you're under 21.

14
; No one was hurt in the accident, but our car was .

15 Most parents nowadays are in their children's education.

16
; My in«|aws have been for over 40 years.

17 sadly mistaken If you think l'm going to help you after your appalling behaviour, you're .

E Clothes at mid-range chains like Zara and Uniqlo aren't cheap, but they are usually .

19
; This hotel was on Tripadvisor and booking.com.
20 attached Please make sure the tag is to your luggage.

b G 6.1 Listen and check. Then cover the columns and say the sentences with the correct collocations.

E 4%’? [7 E
-
fr.“
ta
’ ?
n
W Q/
\~\\y
>
1 —£
so
5
,
’ :
1-El

152

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2 ADVERB + VERB

a Complete the Adverb column with an adverb from the list to make common collocations with verbs.

flatly freely greatly kindly violently

Adverb Verb

1 I that I made a terrible mistake when I married my first husband.

2 We you to take out travel insurance when you go abroad.

3 Our neighbours always to water the plants while we're away.

4 We the effort you made to be with us today.

5 We the winners of the competition.

6 categorically I having had anything to do with the robbery.

7 object I to the decision the Council has made about building 1,000 new houses
in our village.
8 refuse Whenever we ask them to help us, they .

b G 6.2 Listen and check. Then cover the columns and say the sentences with the correct collocations.

3 QUITE

D Meanings of quite
1 to degree (SYN fairly, pretty)
some 2 to the greatest possible degree (svN completely,
This is the most common meaning. We use it with an adjective absolutelyr 9"tl’ 9lY)
(good, happy, tired, etc): With this meaning, it is often used to add emphasis:
'

Th e P I qmte 900 d. ( K, b no“ h b est I’ ve ever seen)

ut,
=

ay,Was ‘? A It's quite clear that the business is in trouble.

Depending on context and intonation, quite can suggest .

B I quite agree. / Quite right.

. .

. .. .
, ,

something more positive thanjust OK:

The play was quite good better than I was expecting.
—

A l'm not going to Sandra's hen Weekend. Quite

Otliei 9X3mPle55
apart from the cost, I can't stand those events!
—
quite softening expression, to make a statement less direct:
as a B Are you quite sure? They can be a lot of fun.
Sorry, but what you're saying is quite difficult to believe.
-
quite with the verbs like and enjoy: A I'm so
sorry,
Iquite like spinach, but it's not my favourite. 5 That's quite all right,
—
quite a... followed by adjective + noun:
There was quite a heavy storm last night. A I didn't enjoy the play at all, though the reviews
—
quite + quantifiers said it was quite brilliant.
I've got quite a bit/ lot of shopping to do after work. B I didn't either; in fact, I thought it was quite awful.

a Read the information box and look at sentences 1-7. Does quite have meaning 1 or 2?
1 A Have you finished your homework? 5 There are quite a few things I need your help with.
B Not quite. I've still got one maths exercise to do. 6 A Did you know you haven't got your seatbelt on‘?
2 Be careful, that's quite a hot plate. B That's quite true. Sorry, I hadn't noticed.
3 The food was OK, but the service was quite appalling. 7 A Was your boss angry that you didn't come in to

4 Normally, I quite enjoy cycling to work, but the W0'l< Yesteida)/-’

traffic was really bad this morning. B Quite the opposite. He asked me if I needed
more time off.

b (D 6.3 Listen and check. O p.57

153

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 1 MATHEMATICAL TERMS '1 . '3 .
a Match the words to the symbols
or numbers.
45 0

14 plus (verb add)

minus (verb subtract) 0 '5 O '3
times (verb multiply)
divided by (verb divide)
equals
brackets

square root '9 c '11 .

A
ordinal numbers
odd numbers
1:‘
V
\/Fag kc’ ! 3: 71 91
even numbers
A x B x C
nought
V r

pg . 14 . 16

four squared 3
radius
diameter
‘ m
area
, ,

volume
17 O 19 .
right angle
2
square metre
2’ 4’ 6' 8 m
cubic centimetre
fraction (fourfifths) y 7

decimal (four point five) . 4‘

22 ’ 24

ratio (four to five)

percentage V(---3---)
A X B
b Q 6.10 Listen and check.

2 DIAGRAMS C C 0
a Match the words and diagrams. 222
5 line graph 33
pie chart SHE
bar chart
Venn diagram
0 O
table
o/\/.
b :5) 6.11 Listen and check. \/\

154

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 VOCABULARY BANK

3 IMPERIAL AND METRIC 4 IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS WITH

MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENTS

a Complete the chart with imperial a Complete the column on the right with the words from the
measurements from the list. list in the correct form. Use a / an if necessary.

foot gallon inch mile ounce pint gallon inch mile ton
pound ton yard
1 Sam thought he'd get away with not doing his
Weight coursework, but his tutor came clown on him
1 1 ounce =
28.35 grams like of bricks. a ton

2 1 = 453.6 grams 2 When the tanker sank, of oil washed

3 1 =
1101505 kiiograms ashore and thousands of seabirds died.
3 in
Length
4 1 = 25 centimetres
What:ver
toget er on
you
do,fdon'tdate,
your irst
mentio: mlpvingors e run

‘
T
'

5 1 30.43
centimetres
=

hand with this box?

T

4 Can you give me a huge

6 I =
91.44 centimetres .

I t weighs .

1'6 kilometres
_

7 1 =

5 Fiona’ s conscientious. She'll always go the

T

so

Liquids extra to complete a project on time.

8 1 568 millilitres I had
6 escape this morning a great
=
e
a narrow —

9 1 = 4.54 litres chunk fell off the cliff as I was walking on the
'

b eac h. I I d by I
b Q
.

6.12 Listen and check. imsse _me_ C

7 A I lent him my bikejust for the weekend, and two

weeks later, I still haven't got it back!

B I did warn you! Give him and

he'll take

8 We're going to be really late —

it's 11.30 already
and thanks to that accident on the motorway,
we're still away.
9 I know he promised you halfthe house, but
I wouldn't trust him if I were you.
10 On my first day in the job, I wore a suit, but I
stood out —

everyone else was

in jeans and T-shirts.

b Q 6.13 Listen and check.

ACTIVATION Cover the words in 1a and 2a and remember the

terms from the symbols and diagrams. partner Then test a on

the measurements and idioms / expressions in 3a and 4a.

0 P-60

www.frenglish.ru
 '

P h t

a Complete the text with the words or phrases a Complete the text with the words or phrases
from the list. from the list.

community service defendant deterrent abolished appeals death penalty electric chair
diminished responsibility fine life sentence war crimes
serial offender

About 75% of countries around the world have

ideally. ihe ieal’ Oi Pllhishlhehi Sh0Uld dlS° ° Ul’ 39e completely ‘ abolished capital punishment. They
P90PleiT0h1 C° h'll'l'liiiih9 3 Crime in lhe ilfsi PlaCe- have not executed anyone within the last ten years,
However, studies show that, while short to medium or use it only in exceptional circumstances, for
Pl'lS0h Sehiehces may be 8 ‘ . l0h9el example, for 2
.
Places where the
sentences have only a limited effect. In deciding the 3
sun exists include some states in
SenlenCe.1he COUFI Will take into Oonsidefailoh the USA, some Caribbean and African countries and
things like the seriousness of the offence. whether the majority of countries in Asia. In the United States,
the L Pleads 9UiliY 07 h° i9UiliVl the ‘
was introduced as a more

and Wheihel’ iheil’ Climlhal l9C0l0l Sh0WS ihai they humane alternative to hanging, but has been almost
3
are a {-
The Judge will also entirely replaced by lethal injection. In the USA,
Cohsidei ah)’ "iiii93iih9 Cil‘0|-lmSi3h0E5l 6-Q prisoners may wait for years on death row before
, i.e. the person's mental state execution is carried out, due io the complex
means that they are not fully responsible for a crime. 5
system Neariy a quarter die of
Seniehces can be h0h-CUSi0di3li 3 so natural causes while awaiting execution.
’’
is paid, or ,
such as unpaid work,
is carried out. A custodial sentence is handed down
for more serious crimes, and for the most serious I3 Q 7.6 Listen and Check.
7
offences such as murder it's '
a .
c Look at the bold words and phrases and check
you know the meaning.
b G 7.5 Listen and check.
.

!j"j?j-
c Look at the bold words and phrases and check
MW CWT
you know the meaning. WU Pm‘,

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 a Complete the text with the words or phrases a Complete the text with the words or phrases
from the list. from the list.

be deprived of eel-ls locked up maximum security compensation electronic tag pardon parole
open prisons prison officer rehabilitation reintegrate retrial wrongfully convicted
reoffencl solitary confinement surveillance

At the end of their sentence, most prisoners will be

Modern prisons often hold thousands of inmates, re|ea5ed_ some may get lgarole and be reieased
and M50” design "OW aims 10 “ Will the m0V6menT early for good behaviour, if
they agree to abide by
0i Prisoners aF° U” d ‘ he i3C|l|lY- lnslead Oi ll’-‘W95 certain conditions. such as staying within a certain
blocks of ‘ cells, smaller modules are arranged area and not going out ai nigm They may have
around an outdoor exercise yard and each module to wear an 2 usually an ankie _

ma)’ be 5UP9FVl5ed bi’ Only One L bracelet, which allows them to be tracked.
Some prisoners may be placed in a cell on their
After release, e X -offenders can fnd 't d'ff'c It to
own in 3
_'|_he' ofltelnuha e
. .

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3
mo Sodet
l y‘ Y
example. celebrities, former police officers, and
those convicted of certain types of crimes, e.g.
l lcu y m 'k d earn money z
mg wor. ’ an l 958 W _en

they do.
They experience a wide range of medical
agains‘ children '

and psychological issues, and many reoffend.

‘ T Prisons are for inmates
There are cases where P risoners have mana ed
considered dangerous, disruptive, or likely to try
to Oman a A
and r0 thagt ed the y
to escape. They can be 5
for up to 23 hours a day and are under constant
often
ha V e bge n
Sm

T
,
‘
In Spchvcases
U ’
a
,

6
b
IS granted the government (ln
I
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the USA, b the o e m o r of the state ) the sentence
J dgthvey
.

7 ,
are , which allow free movement to , ,

quas h e an are W
' e l y t0 recewe 5” b 5 t an t_la I
work or do activities; prisoners may be allowed
some '73 ’

home leave part-time employment outside the

T’

or

prison.

The modern prison system intends a prison b Q 7-8 Listen and Check.
sentence to be less of a punishment and more about
5 c Look at the bold words and phrases and check
’
so that the prisoner can return
to normal life and not 9
.
Prisons you know the meanmg‘

l_)r° V'de hea"hcar_e and _ed” cal'° ni bul also mlngs ACTIVATION Cover the word lists. Read the texts with
llke gyms and
We'9hll'll'”9_r°° ms' Sports teams’ the missing words. How much of the information in
arts and crafts, and television sets. Such services
1, 3’ and 4 is the same in your country?
are controversial: some people claim that prisons
' are ‘ soft’ on inmates, while others argue that it Q p.67
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administrators say that keeping prisoners occupied

,'

_
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 '

E t’ cl cl k’

‘l VERBS 2 PHRASAL VERBS

a Match the bold verbs to their definitions. a Look at the laighltgbi-zeal phrasal verbs and try to
work out their meaning.
chew a piece of meat
_ _
‘l D dig in everybody! There's plenty for
devour a whole burger in two bites
everyone’
guzzle too many drinks licka lollipop
munch an apple
soft
nibble
I
2 eat up 531,45? your Vegetab|es_they.re good
a piece of cheese for you '

scoffa plate of biscuits sip champagne 3 FfldkmrgzfiT

PIC k at
h::'fiJrs::l1l/ery quiet I y’ Iy
. . .

K on W,‘
slurp soup suck an ice lolly s

1 W5/low make food (Or drink) 90 down your

4 polish off He pisllfiliiél-‘.b‘£f the last few biscuits in
the Packet‘
throat into your stomach
whole large
w

5
V

2 bite food into Pieces and move

put away George can a

P'ZZa' "0 Prob em‘

it around your mouth to make it
eager to Swallow 6 toy with He t6Y.§ élff7i‘lil7l§ his food, tryingto work
3 eat

Very hungry
all of sth fast because you are
7 tuc k.into whthelcouragj
en
came’
5:)
’ sgmeggmg own
to

or rea ast, s h e
Was tmlwgtimta a huge plate of eggs
4 (informal, usually disapproving) eat
and ‘bacon’
a lot of something very fast
8 wolf down _Sam s too busy to eat properly —
he
5 0-mrormay, usuany disapproving) eat

6
or drink quickly in large amounts

make a loud noise while drinking

JU5thi7§§l§:?’<:lE,iKifi atsfindfwichdand
ms es 0 O mee '5 “ en 5‘

sth
7 move your tongue over the surface
of sth - '

8 eat sth
steadily and often noisily,
especially something crisp
‘
9 sth in mouth and pull
T

keep your on
‘
itwith yourlips ortongue _,

10 drink sth, taking a very small -'

3
amount each time
‘

'

11 take small bites of sth ‘r 2

.

"__ ..
N '

‘ ‘

. .
\
\

.\
-
b Match the definitions to the phrasal verbs in a.

, ,
A finish the last items of food or drink
W ‘

'
B eat food with enthusiasm
7
>

3; . C take small amounts or bites because you're not

3"-‘ hungry
;_u .
4/ .

‘ _i_
' l

E consume large quantities of sth

r,~‘_-’ .' -,_~
-

.._v'-. -'
\_. F eat in a hurry by putting a lot offood in your mouth at
7 '

once
.g
V
i 7' 7
’ '

G play with sth and move it round carelessly

b Q 8.1 Listen and check. H eat all of sth

ACTlVAT|ON Cover the verbs and look at the C Q 8'2 Lists” a"d Check‘

de.fmm° Say the

ns.' Then‘ Wlth a verbsi lJart.ner'.try to ACTIVATION Cover the phrasal verbs. Look at the
think of things you sometimes eat or drink in this way. . . . .

definitions in b and say the phrasal verbs.

158

www.frenglish.ru
 VOCABULARY BANK

3 IDIOMS

a Match 1-11 to A—K. What do the bold idioms mean?

1 B I was convinced the exam was going to be really A Fantasy fiction isn't really my cup of tea.
hard. but B—temyseH=pr4se,4'~tJ4va5ra~pieee-of-eake=
2 The government say they're going to give everyone C But it's not possible to have your cake and eat it.
free b"° '3dba"‘ dr but D There's something going on, isn't there? Spill the
3 Come on, tell me what you know. beans,
4 Jon isn't known for his honesty. E make you do, too, if you know which side
sure

5 She wants to work part-time E get pay rise as well.

a your bread is buttered.
6 l'm sorry, but I don't think I can meet up this week. F I'd take everything he says with a pinch of salt.
7 I've never read any Tolkien. G we all know it'sjust pie in the sky.
8 Nothing impresses the boss more than people H I've got a lot on my plate at the moment.
getting to work
really early, so I To put it in a nutshell, we're bankrupt.
9 He Said he |'1eVe|' Wanted Tl'1ej0b.bU’€ J being upgraded to business class on the way back
10 Our trip to New York was absolutely perfect, and was the icing on the cake,
11 l'm afraid the latest figures aren't very good. K I think that's just sour grapes because he didn't
get it.
b Q 8.3 Listen and check.

ACTIVATION Cover A— K and look at 1-11. Say the pairs of sentences. G p.77

SOUND BANK

Vowel sounds Consonant sounds

ea 11
:: 6
» v

fish computer .o{ boy parrot snake leg

/lll\ 0

tree ear bag zebra

. '

M
if
\

%) cat egg chair key shower witch

,
.
«'9': .~
=‘-‘
car up tourist girl television
& yacht

clock train happy flower thumb monkey

horse phone /u/ situation vase mother nose

bull bike r‘ tie

Q
chess singer
I $9
4 '\_,fl/

’_
Ei 4 0 »
-
«

boot owl dog jazz house

D short vowels D long vowels D diphthongs D Voiced D unvoiced

‘I59

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