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CÁLCULO DE LA DEFLEXIÓN DE UNA VIGA APLICANDO ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

1. Cálculo de las reacciones (N)

a≔0
⎡ Ra + Rb = 350 ⋅ 4 + 400 ⎤ solve , Ra , Rb
b≔4 [[ Ra Rb ]] ≔ ⎢ ――――→ [[ 600 1200 ]]
⎣ -350 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 + Rb ⋅ 4 - 400 ⋅ 5 = 0 ⎥⎦
c≔5

Rigidez a flexión ( N ⋅ m 2 ) : EI ≔ 1270000

2. Diagrama de carga (N/m)

W1 ((x)) ≔ -350 W2 ((x)) ≔ 0

W ((x)) ≔ if a ≤ x < b |
‖ W (x) |
‖ 1( ) |
else if b ≤ x|
‖ W (x) |
‖ 2 ( ) ||

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
-35

-70

-105

-140

-175
W ((x))
-210

-245

-280

-315

-350

worksheet in symgear.blogspot.com
3. Diagrama de fuerzas cortantes (N)

⎡ d ⎤
⎢ ―― N1 ((x)) = W1 ((x)) ⎥ solve , N1 ((x))
N1 ((x)) ≔ ⎢ dx ⎥ ―――― → -((350 ⋅ x)) + 600
⎢⎣ N1 ((a)) = Ra ⎥⎦

⎡ d ⎤
⎢ ―― N2' ((x)) = W2 ((x)) ⎥ solve , N2' ((x))
N2' ((x)) ≔ ⎢ dx ⎥ ―――― → 1200
⎢⎣ N2' ((a)) = Rb ⎥⎦

N2 ((x)) ≔ N2' ((x)) + N1 ((b)) → 400

N2 ((x)) ≔ N2 ((x - b))

x ≔ 0 , 0.01 ‥ 5

N ((x)) ≔ if 0 ≤ x < b |
‖ N (x) |
‖ 1( ) |
else if b ≤ x|
‖ N (x) |
‖ 2 ( ) ||

600

450

300

150

-150
N ((x))
-300
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

-450

-600

-750

-900

clear ((x))

worksheet in symgear.blogspot.com
4. Diagrama de momento flector (N.m)

⎡ d ⎤
⎢ ―― M1 ((x)) = N1 ((x)) ⎥ solve , M1 ((x)) ⎛
M1 ((x)) ≔ ⎢ dx ⎥ ―――― → -⎝175 ⋅ x 2 ⎞⎠ + 600 ⋅ x
⎢⎣ M1 ((a)) = 0 ⎥⎦

⎡ d ⎤
⎢ ―― M2' ((x)) = N2 ((x)) ⎥ solve , M2' ((x))
M2' ((x)) ≔ ⎢ dx ⎥ ――――→ 400 ⋅ x - 400
⎢⎣ M2' ((a)) = M1 ((b)) ⎥⎦

M2 ((x)) ≔ M2' ((x - b))

x ≔ 0 , 0.01 ‥ 5
M ((x)) ≔ if 0 ≤ x < b |
‖ M (x) |
‖ 1( ) |
else if b ≤ x|
‖ M (x) |
‖ 2 ( ) ||

600

500

400

300

200

100
M ((x))
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-100

-200

-300

-400

clear ((x))

worksheet in symgear.blogspot.com
3. Diagrama de deflexiones (mm)

⎡ d2 ⎤
⎢ ―― y1 ((x)) = M1 ((x)) ⎥
2
⎢ dx ⎥ solve , y1 ((x)) 175 ⋅ x 4 + 8000 ⋅ x
y1 ((x)) ≔ ⎢ y1 ((a)) = 0 ⎥ ―――― → -―――――― + 100 ⋅ x 3
⎢ ⎥ 12
⎣ y1 ((b)) = 0 ⎦

⎡ d2 ⎤
⎢ ―― y2' ((x)) = M2 ((x)) ⎥
2
⎢ dx ⎥ solve , y2' ((x)) 200 ⋅ x 3
( )
y2' (x) ≔ ⎢ ( )
y2' (a) = 0 ⎥ ―――― → ――― + ⎛⎝400 ⋅ x - 1000 ⋅ x 2 ⎞⎠
⎢ ⎥ 3
⎣ y2'′ ((a)) = y1′ ((b)) ⎦

y1 ((x))
y1 ((x)) ≔ ――⋅ 1000
EI

y2' ((x - b))


y2 ((x)) ≔ ――― ⋅ 1000
EI
t ≔ 0 , 0.01 ‥ 5

y ((t)) ≔ if 0 ≤ t < b |
‖ y (t) |
‖ 1( ) |
else if b ≤ t ≤ c|
‖ y (t) |
‖ 2 ( ) ||

0.065

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-0.065

-0.13

-0.195

-0.26

-0.325 y ((t))
-0.39

-0.455

-0.52

-0.585

-0.65

worksheet in symgear.blogspot.com
4. Cálculo de la deflexión máxima

d solve , x , float , 3 , assume , b > x ≥ a


x1 ≔ ―― ⎛⎝y1 ((x))⎞⎠ = 0 ――――――――――― → 1.87
dx

d solve , x , float , 3 , assume , c ≥ x ≥ b


x2 ≔ ―― ⎛⎝y2 ((x))⎞⎠ = 0 ――――――――――― → 4.2
dx

yMAX ≔ max ⎛⎝||y1 ⎛⎝x1⎞⎠|| , ||y2 ⎛⎝x2⎞⎠||⎞⎠ = 0.607

Respuesta : 0.607 mm

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