C

CÁLCULO DE UNIONES ATORNILLADAS PARA UNA DISTRIBUCIÓN

RECTANGULAR SIMÉTRICA

Pernos en el lado H Pernos en el lado L

nH ≔ 3 nL ≔ 3

Distancias entre Distancias entre

pernos lado H pernos lado L

dH ≔ 50 mm dL ≔ 50 mm

Total de pernos

n ≔ 2 ((nL + nH)) - 4 = 8

H ≔ ((nH - 1)) ⋅ dH = 100 mm L ≔ ((nL - 1)) ⋅ dL = 100 mm

a) Fuerzas y momentos aplicados al centroide del conjunto de pernos

1. Fuerzas axiales

Fx ≔ 1000 kgf

2. Fuerzas de corte

Fy ≔ 4000 kgf Fz ≔ -3000 kgf

Radio de giro y momento de inercia
3. Momentos
⎛ H ⎞2
RRy ≔ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ nL ⋅ 2 = ⎛⎝1.5 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm 2
⎝2⎠
float , 3
My ≔ 5000 kgf ⋅ mm Mz ≔ 5000 kgf ⋅ mm Iy ≔ As RRy ――― → 0.15 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ As ⋅ mm 2

⎛ L ⎞2
4. Torsion RRz ≔ ⎜―⎟ ⋅ nH ⋅ 2 = ⎛⎝1.5 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm 2
⎝2⎠
float , 3
Mx ≔ -1500 kgf ⋅ mm Iz ≔ As RRz ――― → 0.15 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ As ⋅ mm 2

float , 3
b) Esfuerzos en el perno crítico J0 ≔ Iy + Iz ――― → 0.3 ⋅ 10 5 ⋅ As ⋅ mm 2

1. Esfuerzo de corte directo

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ Fy ⎥ ⎡ 0.0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎣ Fz ⎦ float , 3 ⎢ 500.0 ⋅ kgf ⎥
στ1 ≔ ―― ――― → ⎢ ――――⎥
As ⋅ n ⎢ As ⎥
⎢ -375.0 ⋅ kgf ⎥
⎢ ――――― ⎥
⎣ As ⎦
spreadsheet in symgear.blogspot.com
 2. Esfuerzo axial

My Mz Fx float , 3 0.333 ⋅ kgf ⋅ z ⎛ 125.0 ⋅ kgf 0.333 ⋅ kgf ⋅ y ⎞

σN ((y , z , As)) ≔ z ⋅ ―― - y ⋅ ―― + ―― ――― → ――――― + ⎜―――― - 1.0 ⋅ ――――― ⎟
Iy Iz n ⋅ As As ⋅ mm ⎝ As As ⋅ mm ⎠

z ((x)) ≔ if My ＝ 0 |
‖ |
Mz
‖ x ⋅ ((1 m)) ⋅ ―― Fx |
- ――
‖ RRz n |
‖ |
else |
‖⎛ ⎞ RRy |
Mz
‖ ⎜x ⋅ ((1 m)) ⋅ ――- ――Fx
⎟ ――|
‖⎝ RRz n ⎠ My ||
‖

Eje neutro del conjunto de pernos

⎡ -L ⎤ ⎡ -L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎢ ―⎥ ⎢ ―⎥
2 ⎥ ⎡ -50 ⎤ 4 ⎥ 4 ⎥ 2 ⎥ ⎡ 50 ⎤
p11 ≔ ⎢ = mm p12 ≔ ⎢ p13 ≔ ⎢ H ⎥ p14 ≔ ⎢ p15 ≔ ⎢ = mm
⎢ H ⎥ ⎣⎢ 50 ⎦⎥ ⎢ H ⎥ ⎢ ―⎥ ⎢ H ⎥ ⎢ H ⎥ ⎢⎣ 50 ⎥⎦
―
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ ― ⎥ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎢― ⎥ ―
⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

⎡ -L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ ―⎥
2 ⎥ 2 ⎥
p21 ≔ ⎢ 10 p25 ≔ ⎢
⎢ H ⎥ 8 ⎢ H ⎥
⎢ ― ⎥ 6
y ⎢― ⎥
⎣ 4 ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦
4
2
⎡ -L ⎤ 0 ⎡ L ⎤
z ((y)) ((m)) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
―― -2 ―
p31 ≔ ⎢ 2 ⎥ p35 ≔ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ -4 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦ -6 ⎣ 0 ⎦
-8
-10
⎡ -L ⎤ -12 ⎡ L ⎤
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ ―⎥
2 ⎥ 2 ⎥
p41 ≔ ⎢ p45 ≔ ⎢
⎢ -H ⎥ ⎢ -H ⎥
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ ―― ⎥
⎣ 4 ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦

⎡ -L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤ ⎡ L ⎤
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ -―⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎢ ―⎥ ⎢ ―⎥
2 ⎥ ⎡ -50 ⎤ 4 ⎥ 4 ⎥ 2 ⎥ ⎡ 50 ⎤
p51 ≔ ⎢ = mm p52 ≔ ⎢ p53 ≔ ⎢ -H ⎥ p54 ≔ ⎢ p55 ≔ ⎢ = mm
⎢ -H ⎥ ⎢⎣ -50 ⎥⎦ ⎢ H ⎥ ⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ H ⎥ ⎢ -H ⎥ ⎢⎣ -50 ⎥⎦
⎢ ―― ⎥ ⎢ ― ⎥ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎢― ⎥ ⎢ ―― ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦

El perno crítico seleccionado es :

pc ≔ p11

⎡ yc ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ≔ pc
⎣ zc ⎦

float 158.3 ⋅ kgf

σN ⎛⎝yc , zc , As⎞⎠ ―― → ――――
As

spreadsheet in symgear.blogspot.com
3. Esfuerzo cortarte por torsión

⎡ Mx ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥⨯⎢y ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ c⎥ ⎡ 0.0 ⎤
⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ zc ⎦ float , 3 ⎢ 2.5 ⋅ kgf ⎥
στ2 ≔ ――――― ――― → ⎢ ―――⎥
J0 ⎢ As ⎥
⎢ 2.5 ⋅ kgf ⎥
⎢ ―――⎥
⎣ As ⎦

c) Análisis de falla y factor de seguridad

Area de esfuerzo del perno Esfuerzo de fluencia del material del perno

kgf
As ≔ 40 mm 2 σY ≔ 50 ――
mm 2

Tensor de esfuerzos
⎡ 0.0 ⎤
float , 3 ⎢ 503.0 ⋅ kgf ⎥
στ ((As)) ≔ στ1 + στ2 ――― → ⎢ ――――⎥
⎢ As ⎥
⎢ -373.0 ⋅ kgf ⎥
⎢ ――――― ⎥
⎣ As ⎦

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ τzx ⎤
kgf ⎢ ⎥
στ ((As)) = ⎢ 12.575 ⎥ ―― ( )
⎢ τzy ⎥ ≔ στ (As)
⎢ ⎥ mm 2
⎣ -9.325 ⎦ ⎢⎣ τyz ⎥⎦

kgf
σN ⎛⎝yc , zc , As⎞⎠ = 3.958 ―― σxx ≔ σN ⎛⎝yc , zc , As⎞⎠
mm 2

⎡ σxx 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ 3.958 0 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ kgf
Π≔⎢ 0 0 τyz ⎥ = ⎢ 0 0 -9.325 ⎥ ――
⎢ ⎥ mm 2
⎢⎣ 0 τzy 0 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 12.575 0 ⎦

Aplicamos el criterio de Von Mises

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 σxx 2 + 6 ⎛⎝τyz 2 + τzy 2 ⎞⎠ kgf
σadm ≔ ―――――――― = 27.403 ――
2 mm 2

Finalmente el factor de seguridad

σY
F.S ≔ ――= 1.825
σadm
spreadsheet in symgear.blogspot.com