UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA

Facultad de Lenguas

Phonetics and Phonology 1

Practice Handbook

2022

Lidia R. Soler

Florencia Giménez

Martín Capell

Ma. Verónica Ghirardotto

María Josefina Díaz

María Garay
UNIT 1 Phonemic Adjustments

Read the following sentences making all possible adjustments and then
transcribe them.

1. Work in pairs please.

2. Where's the next stop?

3. Is this your first visit to New York?

4. In ten minutes tell me all about you.

5. Not many people have best friends.

6. At present, people work longer hours than before.

7. As she was really furious, she didn't mind talking back to her father.

8. She already wrote one hundred words in pencil.

9. Let me introduce you to Brian.

10. Could you rephrase your answer please?

11. Did Carol buy a new dress yesterday?

12. I first switched on a computer when I was in primary school.

13. A great many people were brought to our attention.

14. Send the essay by email and don't forget to write your name and group.

15. The make-up test will be on November 1st so try not to be absent that day.

16. She said she would come in case it caused trouble.

17. Smoking must be banned among those young people whose health is at
risk.

18. It's sometimes difficult to spend your spare money wisely.

19. You should carefully read the instructions and then get in groups.

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20. What d'you call a person who studies the human mind?

21. I don't think it's much cheaper than the handbag you bought in Great
Britain.

22. He came on Monday and said he had a difficult time with the hand drill.

23. Don´t you like staying at your place on weekends?

24. Find out what you have in common with the person sitting next to you.

25. No one has yet claimed responsibility for the bombing.

Text A

Due in part to new and growing technology, online shopping has become
incredibly easy and convenient. It opens the doors to products that may not be
available at a nearby store. While online shopping comes with great benefits,
there are drawbacks to know about, too. Let’s dive deeper into the pros and
cons of shopping online.

To use your computer for shopping needs can be convenient since it can offer
more options to choose from and can provide you with insight you might not
find in person at a store. The greatest benefit is convenience. Through the
digital space, you can buy anything you want from the comfort of your own
home. Also, online shopping gives you the chance to buy anything from any
retailer, no matter where you’re located.

Shopping for items online can also have its pitfalls, including hidden price
markups and increased risk of fraud. Also, online purchases can cost you more
since retailers generally require you meet a minimum to qualify for free-
shipping. In addition, online retailers may use several strategies to convince
shoppers to buy more items than if they were shopping in person.

Despite its pros and cons, online shopping has come to stay and has
transformed consumers spending habits to levels never imagined.

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Text B

On a recent trip to Africa with seven grandsons, my main goal was just to keep
them, and myself, in good health. Here I present useful travel hints from
wellinformed professional sources.

- Any water you drink or use to brush your teeth must come from a sealed
bottle that you open.

- Pack an ample supply of sunscreen, insect repellent and a first-aid kit. -

Reduce your exposure to germs by washing your hands often.

- Consider carrying a card that lists your blood type.

- As blood clots can be life-threatening, stop taking medication that can

increase the risk of a clot three days before travelling.

Text C

Having a pet is rewarding, but it can be hard work as well. If you are well
prepared, you’ll love your pet unconditionally and caring for it won’t be back-
breaking. Here are some tips for supporting any animal addition to your family.

• Pets usually require time and money, in addition to the specific needs of
each animal and breed.
• If you have kids, consider what pets will be kid-friendly. Hamsters and fish,
for example, are great pets for children.
• If you plan on moving, you shouldn't consider a pet until you are more stable.
• Choose a pet that fits your lifestyle. Different types of dogs have various
needs.
• Make sure you pick a pet that suits your means. Don't go into this decision
dead-set on one species or breed; being open-minded can lead to happy
surprises and the right pet for your family.

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• Be realistic about your budget, and your ability to shoulder responsibilities.

And, finally, love your pet. Love is what your relationship with your pet has to
be about. Your pet will be a member of your family, so treat it like one.

Text D

Had you heard about this? The next time you order room service, it may come
by robot. Hotels around the country are introducing robots to handle repetitive
tasks like room service deliveries with the promise of enhancing the guest
comfort and increasing efficiency. The typical robot can cruise at a speed of
one point seven miles per hour and has a one cubic-foot bin to carry items,
which guests unlock by typing in codes. A hotel’s general manager in Boston
says robots share tedious tasks with employers and that has impacted
positively on the staff as well as on guests. When’s your next stay at a hotel?

Text E

One of the main ways that COVID-19 spreads is through respiratory droplets
that people expel when coughing, sneezing or just talking. While research is
ongoing, we now know that the virus can be spread by people not showing
symptoms; that is, people can be contagious and not even realize it.

That is why physical distancing is so important in places where COVID-19 is

widespread. But it’s not always possible to keep a distance from others in
crowded public places. That is why the use of a mask is recommended: to
protect yourself and those around you.

But don’t forget a mask alone won’t prevent the spread of COVID-19 – we all
need to continue practising physical distancing and washing our hands usually.
By taking these steps together, we can beat COVID-19.

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Text F

Is junk food a pleasure for you? Most food is fuel to keep you going, but not
that kind. How often d’you eat burgers, for example? In my opinion, you
shouldn’t more than twice a week, if you’re planning to reduce the amount of
fat you eat.
Summer time‘s usually the best time of the year to go on diets. You don’t feel
the need to eat high-calorie food and you feel well with just some fresh salads.
An exciting main-course salad you can try has green beans, chopped fresh
herbs and baby carrots. Last but not least, you should consider drinking at least
eight glasses of water a day.

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UNIT 2: Stress
SBE: Standard British English
GA: General American

Two-syllable words

(1)

ˈteacher ˈapple ˈillness ˈsenate ˈMonday

ˈhusband ˈchocolate ˈcolour ˈlittle ˈregion

ˈcircus ˈisland ˈpreface ˈmountain ˈentrance

(2)

ˈfemale ˈempire ˈconduct ˈexpert ˈepoch

ˈaccess ˈcolleague ˈclimax ˈaspect ˈforecast

ˈfortune ˈborrow ˈcontact ˈcontrast ˈproverb

(3)

aˈgain aˈlone faˈtigue caˈreer aˈbove

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reˈmark beˈlieve caˈress paˈtrol ofˈfence

(4)

canˈteen arˈcade carˈtoon bouˈtique

bruˈnette chamˈpagne augˈment (v.) alˈthough

camˈpaign shamˈpoo doˈnate techˈnique

(5)

ˈunˈknown ˈChiˈnese ˈdeˈcode ˈnon-ˈstop

ˈmisˈuse ˈmayonˈnaise ˈfareˈwell ˈeighˈteen

ˈelseˈwhere ˈreˈwrite ˈreˈbuild ˈvioˈlin

Three-syllable words

(1)

ˈfortunate ˈlunatic ˈcomparable ˈgenerally

ˈcatholic ˈliterature ˈnecessary ˈdecorative

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ˈsubsequent ˈcommentary ˈcomfortable ˈfashionable

(2)

ˈcorridor ˈabsolute ˈcatalogue ˈcaravan

ˈhandicap ˈparagraph ˈsubtitle ˈcorpuscle

ˈpullover ˈcucumber ˈtriangle ˈrectangle

(3)

imˈportant beˈhaviour conˈfusion aˈbandon

subˈstantial adˈvantage deˈtermine

deˈvelop conˈsider hoˈrizon hiˈstoric

(4)

amˈbition fanˈtastic parˈtition auˈthentic

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opˈtician transˈmission toˈmato toˈbacco

/trænzˈmɪʃən/ SBE GA

/trɑ:nzˈmɪʃən/ SBE
/trænsˈmɪʃən/ GA SBE

/trɑ:nsˈmɪʃən/ SBE

diˈstribute fiˈancée conˈtribute

atˈtaché
/əˈtæʃeɪ /SBE
(ˈ_ _ _ ) ( ˈ_ _ _ )
/ˈætəˈʃeɪ / GA

(5)

ˈsubˈstandard ˈpreˈjudgement ˈreˈmarry ˈnon-ˈfiction

ˈscienˈtific ˈnonˈsmoker ˈupˈcountry ˈsubˈconscious

(6)

ˈguaranˈtee ˈsevenˈteen ˈcigaˈrette ˈmagaˈzine SBE GA

(ˈ_ _ _ ) GA (ˈ_ _ _ ) GA SBE

ˈpictuˈresque ˈserviˈette ˈrecomˈmend ˈunderˈstand

ˈorangeˈade ˈmillioˈnaire SBE GA ˈrefuˈgee ˈvolunˈteer

(ˈ_ _ _ ) GA

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Four-syllable words

(1)

ˈcategory ˈarbitrary ˈdelicacy ˈeligible

ˈpreferable ˈirritable ˈmemorable ˈtestimony

ˈceremony ˈaccuracy ˈimitative ˈmatrimony

(2)

ˈcentimetre ˈcommentator ˈcalculator ˈdemonstrator

ˈarchitecture ˈoperator ˈcharacterize ˈcapitalize

( _ˈ_ _ _ )

ˈaristocrat SBE GA ˈregularize ˈsystematize ˈautomobile SBE GA

/ˈɔːtəməbiːl/

( _ˈ_ _ _) GA SBE
(3)

oˈbligatory comˈbustible acˈcompaniment

geˈography SBE GA
/əˈblɪɡətəri/

(ˈ_ _ _ ) SBE
/dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/

deˈmonstrative preˈparatory cerˈtificate

laˈboratory SBE
/ləˈbɒrətri
/ˈlæbrətɔːri/ GA

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aˈrithmetic adˈvertisement SBE parˈticular deˈplorable
/ˈædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ GA

(4)

preˈoccupied apˈpreciate enˈthusiast aˈpologize

siˈmilitude eˈconomize orˈthography auˈthority

teeˈtotaller morˈtality diˈameter anˈtiquity

(5)

ˈvariˈation ˈcircuˈlation ˈexplaˈnation ˈeleˈmentary

ˈdemonˈstration ˈcafeˈteria ˈidiˈotic ˈadoˈlescence

ˈconverˈsation ˈadvanˈtageous ˈinterˈference ˈemiˈgration

(6)

ˈaccepˈtation ˈconurˈbation ˈexpecˈtation ˈretarˈdation

ˈdepartˈmental ˈreloˈcation ˈdemarˈcation ˈimporˈtation

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Five-syllable words

ˈcapitalism SBE GA ˈpuritanism ˈfiguratively ˈcannibalism

( _ˈ_ _ _ _ ) SBE

ˈmonosyllable ˈradicalism ˈqualitatively ˈspeculatively

−ˈ− tə− - SBE

ˈ− − teɪ−− SBE GA
(2)

iˈnevitable caˈtholicism inˈadequacy comˈmunicative

−ˈ− − kə−− SBE

−ˈ− − keɪ−− SBE
GA

adˈministrative meˈtabolism imˈpracticable voˈcabulary

(3)

acˈcelerator reˈfrigerator inˈcinerator soˈphisticated

enˈthusiasm adˈministrator inˈgratiating aˈpologizing

−ˈθju:−−− SBE GA
−ˈθu:−−− GA SBE

(4)

ˈcuriˈosity ˈarisˈtocracy ˈarcheˈology ˈuniˈversity

ˈpedaˈgogical ˈideˈology ˈcapaˈbility ˈirreˈsistible

/ˈ−−zɪs−−/

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ˈpossiˈbility ˈinexˈplicable ˈinconˈsiderable ˈambiˈguity

(5)

ˈdiffeˈrentiate ˈunderˈestimate ˈrehaˈbilitate ˈdeconˈtaminate

(6)

ˈclassifiˈcation ˈcharacteˈristic ˈMediteˈrranean ˈqualifiˈcation

(7)

conˈtinuˈation conˈsideˈration apˈpreciˈation en’thusiastic

−ˈθju:−−− SBE GA
− ˈθu:−−− GA SBE

proˈnunciˈation abˈbreviˈation asˈsociˈation eˈxamiˈnation

(8)

ˈpredispoˈsition ˈpreoccuˈpation ˈself-

/ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃən/
ˈ−−−ˈ−− ˈpreserˈvation
−ˈ−−ˈ−−

ˈprefabriˈcation ˈrevaluˈation ˈmiscalcuˈlation

ˈ−−−ˈ−− ˈ−−−ˈ−−

−ˈ−−ˈ−− −ˈ−−ˈ−−

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Six-syllable words

(1)

ˈunexˈceptionable ˈindiˈvidualism ˈindisˈtinguishable

ˈilleˈgitimacy ˈunproˈfessionally ˈuniˈmaginative

(2)

ˈirritaˈbility ˈcharacteˈristically ˈetymoˈlogical

ˈdiscontiˈnuity ˈunsysteˈmatically ˈsentimenˈtality

SBE GA

−ˈ−−ˈ−−− SBE

(3)

faˈmiliˈarity aˈvailaˈbility inˈferiˈority reˈsponsiˈbility

(4)

eˈlectrifiˈcation soˈlidifiˈcation exˈperimenˈtation

perˈsonifiˈcation exˈemplifiˈcation disˈqualifiˈcation

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 (5)

ˈdifferentiˈation ˈinsubordiˈnation ˈindividuaˈlistic

ˈmispronunciˈation ˈmisappropriˈation ˈrecapituˈlation

Seven-syllable words

(1)

inˈtelligiˈbility iˈnevitaˈbility inˈvulneraˈbility

imˈpracticaˈbility unˈalteraˈbility imˈpressionaˈbility

(2)

ˈirresponsiˈbility ˈindividuˈality ˈunconventionˈality

ˈsuperficiˈality ˈincompatiˈbility ˈunreliaˈbility

Alternative Stress Patterns

Two-syllable words

(a)

ˈadult SBE GA ˈbrochure SBE ˈbureau SBE ˈchauffeur SBE GA ˈChristine SBE GA
(-ˈ-) GA SBE (-ˈ-) SBE GA
(-ˈ-) SBE GA (-ˈ-) SBE GA

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 ˈcontact (v) SBE ˈdecade SBE GA ˈdefect (n) SBE GA ˈdetail (v/n) SBE GA ˈfinance SBE GA

(-ˈ-) SBE GA (-ˈ-) SBE GA (-ˈ-) SBE (-ˈ-) GA SBE (-ˈ-) SBE GA

ˈmeantime SBE ˈmishap SBE GA

/ˈmɪshæp/
(ˈ--) GA

(-ˈ-) SBE

(b)

bouˈquet SBE GA ˈdischarge (n) SBE GA ˈelseˈwhere SBE ˈmeanˈwhile SBE ˈPauline SBE
disˈcharge (v) SBE GA /ˈpɔːliːn/
(ˈ--) SBE (ˈ--) GA (ˈ--) GA

(-ˈ-) SBE GA

perˈfume (v) SBE GA ˈquinine réˈgime SBE GA reˈsearch (n) SBE syˈringe SBE GA
GA
/ˈkwɪniːn/ SBE
(ˈ--) SBE /ˈkwaɪnaɪn/GA (ˈ--) SBE (ˈ--) SBE GA
(ˈ--) GA SBE

terˈrain SBE GA ˈweekˈend SBE

(ˈ--) SBE GA (ˈ--) SBE GA

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 /zɪt/

Four-syllable words

(a)

apˈplicable SBE GA ˈcontroversy SBE GA ˈexigency SBE GA ˈformidable SBE GA

/fəˈ−−− SBE GA
(ˈ----) SBE GA (-ˈ---) SBE (-ˈ---) SBE GA

kiˈlometer SBE GA noˈmenclature SBE GA

(ˈ----) SBE GA (ˈ----) GA SBE

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Five-syllable Words

(a)

ˈmomentarily SBE GA ˈnecessarily SBE GA

(ˈ--ˈ---) GA SBE (ˈ--ˈ---) GA SBE

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SINGLE-STRESSED COMPOUNDS

1. Noun + Noun

a. There are N + N combinations where the second element indicates the person or thing
doing the action. For example, bandleader can be paraphrased as “X leads a band”. We
generally use nouns with –er or –or endings.

‘bandleader ‘moneylender

‘cabinet-maker ‘painkiller

‘chain-smoker ‘paperhanger

‘egg beater ‘purse-snatcher

‘lie detector ‘screenwriter

‘proofreader ‘theatergoer

‘screwdriver ‘word processor

‘line manager ‘road manager

EXCEPTIONS: some compounds with manager1, ‘school ‘governor

b. In the following list, the first noun delimits the meaning of the second by stating “what
type of thing it is”.
‘access road ‘daytime

‘airline ‘keyboard

‘aptitude test ‘ladybird

‘ballot box ‘nail varnish

1 Some of them include ‘middle ‘manager, ‘stage ‘manager, ‘actor-‘manager and de’partment ‘manager, among
others.

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 ‘birth control ‘ozone layer

‘Christmas card Po’lice officer

‘coffee break ‘question tag

Very few compounds may have two stress patterns depending on the meanings expressed.

‘family name ‘family ‘name

(last name) (family reputation)

‘paper bag ‘paper ‘bag

(a bag for newspapers) (a bag made of paper)

2. Adjective + Noun

a. A sequence of adjective plus noun is usually stressed on both items. However, in the cases
below, the stress falls on the first item and the compound is considered to be
longestablished. The adjectives used in these compounds are relatively short and are not
semantically dense.

‘black people ‘sick pay

‘grandchildren ‘real estate
‘freehand ‘whiteboard
‘highlight ‘wholesale
‘hothouse ‘hardback

‘lowland ‘thickhead
‘short-list ‘busybody

Again, if the stress pattern is altered, the combination may carry a different meaning.

‘blackbird ‘black ‘bird

(Sp. mirlo) (any bird which is black)

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 ‘common room ‘common ‘room

(college staff room) (one used jointly)

‘Greenland ‘green ‘land

(Sp. Groenlandia) (any land which is green)

‘heavyweight ‘heavy ‘weight

(boxer) (a weight which is heavy)

‘English teacher ‘English ‘teacher

(a teacher of English) (a teacher who is English)

‘special school ‘special ‘school

(for disabled children) (out of the common)

‘Whitehouse ‘white ‘house

(one painted white)

(US President’s residence)

3. Noun + Participle
a. In the cases below, the noun is usually the subject of the P, as in moth-eaten: moths have
eaten X.

‘action-packed ‘sunburnt

‘flea-bitten ‘air-conditioned

‘heartfelt ‘time-honoured

‘moth-eaten ‘weather-bound

‘moonlit ‘blue-coloured

‘snowbound ‘pear-shaped

‘snow-capped ‘type-written

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Unlike other compounds, the stress pattern doesn’t change if the word is used predicatively or
attributively.

4. Noun + Verb

a. A nominal element (=noun) can combine with a verb ending in -ing and the resulting
combination may be a noun or an adjective, as in:

‘breathtaking ‘air conditioning

‘childbearing ‘fire fighting

‘mind reading ‘labour-saving

‘money lending ‘language teaching

‘role playing ‘law-abiding

‘thought-provoking ‘shoplifting

‘weightlifting ‘ski jumping

EXCEPTIONS: ‘family ‘planning, ‘town ‘planning, ‘zebra ‘crossing

b. A verb ending in –ing can precede a nominal element in the combination, with the resulting
compound used as a noun. In such compounding, the nominal element is normally not the
subject (S) of the action represented by the verb (V). For instance, swimming trunks refers
to “trunks for swimming” and should not be interpreted as “the trunks (S) swim(V)”.

‘purchasing power ‘sleeping pill

‘meeting point ‘eating apple

‘frying pan ‘swimming pool

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 ‘tuning fork ‘washing powder

‘reading room ‘writing paper

c. Verb + noun combinations sometimes make up compound nouns.

‘cease fire ‘spendthrift

‘chat show ‘landslide

‘hold all ‘talk show

‘pickpocket ‘firefly

EXCEPTIONS: ‘stop ‘press

d. Phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs, which are generally double-stressed, become
singlestressed when their noun forms are used.

‘breakthrough ‘playoff

‘checkin ‘roll-on

‘comeback ‘sit-in

‘cutout ‘stopover

‘kickoff ‘takeaway

‘letdown ‘write-up

5. Other considerations

a. Compounds including the words street and gate are always single-stressed, in contrast to
other words denoting (important) roads. This list includes compounds containing the word
building and others referring mainly to organizations (Kreidler, 1997, p. 148).

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 ‘Bond Street ‘Bishopsgate

‘Regent Street ‘Deansgate

‘Downing Street ‘Fishergate

‘Woolworth Building ‘Ford Foundation

the ‘Hoover Commission ‘Gideon Society

Compare: ‘Fifth ‘Avenue

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 DOUBLE-STRESSED COMPOUNDS
1. Combinations with nouns

a. Noun + Noun. The first noun has specific reference and can be paraphrased as follows:
family doctor = “the doctor of the family”. N1 may represent an organization, a time, a
location, a value. It includes some genitives.

‘family ‘doctor ‘trade ‘union

A’cademy a’wards ‘family ‘planning

‘ground ‘floor ‘peso ‘coin

‘school ‘hall ‘students’ ‘union

‘family ‘tree ‘devil’s ‘advocate

b. Noun + Noun. N1 and N2 have the same referent. This means that “two elements refer
to different aspects of the same person” (Taylor, 1991, p. 69) or thing. Such is the case in

‘baby ‘boy, where the referent is both a boy and a baby. Notice that although baby boy

and ground floor have the same stress pattern, we cannot use the same explanation for

the two compounds, because it is impossible to say that ‘something is both a ground and

a floor.’

‘acid ‘rain ‘garden ‘city

‘guardian ‘angel ‘queen ‘mother

‘strip car’toon ‘woman ‘writer

‘twin ‘sister ‘clock ‘radio

‘student ‘teacher ‘infant ‘prodigy

c. Noun + Noun. N1 (and sometimes N2) is a proper name. Most of these compounds are
place names; they include certain genitives.
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 ‘Greater ‘London ‘River ‘Thames

‘World ‘Bank ‘Channel ‘Tunnel

‘North ‘Sea ‘Iron ‘Curtain

‘Mother ‘Nature ‘Adam’s ‘Apple

‘Morse ‘code ‘Noah’s ‘ark

EXCEPTIONS: ‘Home Office, ‘Lake District, ‘Labour Party

d. Noun + Noun. In this case, N2 is made of N1, as in ‘apple ‘pie (a pie made of apple).

‘bacon ‘sandwich ‘gold ‘medal

‘ivory ‘tower ‘cotton ‘wool

‘mince ‘pie ‘log ‘cabin

‘chocolate ‘biscuit ‘brick ‘wall

Main exceptions are compounds made up of juice and cake

‘lemon juice ‘chocolate cake

‘sponge cake ‘orange juice

e. Verb [-ing] + noun. A great number of compound nouns with this combination are
singlestressed2. However, a few of them take two stresses. The main difference resides

2 For comparison, see Single-stressed Compounds, item 4.b above.

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 basically in the syntactic relationship between the elements. In this case, the noun is
normally the subject of the verb, as in ‘rolling ‘stone (the stone(S) rolls(V)).

‘running ‘water ‘leading ‘author

‘standing o’vation ‘flying ‘colours

‘moving ‘picture Sup’porting ‘role

‘sliding ‘door ‘shooting ‘star

Sometimes compounds may have figurative meanings, such as flying colours, which should
be interpreted as “high marks/grades”, for example, in an exam. Also, it is particularly
important to understand that similar compounds may have totally different meanings
despite their identical surface structure. Consider the following examples:

‘walking stick ‘walking ‘dictionary

The first one is definitely a “stick for walking” but the second example is to be interpreted as
a “dictionary that walks”, where dictionary figuratively points to a person with a sound
knowledge of word meanings.

2. Combinations with adjectives and nouns

a. Adjective + adjective generate combinations which are double-stressed in citation form.

The default pattern can be altered.

‘Anglo-A’merican ‘bitter-‘sweet

‘royal ‘blue ‘deaf-‘mute

‘dark ‘green ‘red-‘hot

27
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
b. Adjective + noun combinations are usually double-stressed by default. Most of these
items function as noun phrases. Some of them can be proper names.
‘best ‘man ‘first ‘aid

‘civil ‘war ‘second-‘hand

‘floppy ‘disk ‘wishful ‘thinking

‘general ‘knowledge ‘Middle ‘East

‘Red ‘Cross ‘full ‘house

Notice that this also applies to compounds including nationalities, where the item denoting
nationality is the adjectival component.
‘French ‘windows ‘British ‘English

‘German ‘measles ‘Spanish ‘onion

‘Dutch ‘courage ‘Irish ‘coffee

However, certain such combinations ending in –man and –woman tend to have a single
stress. A few examples are ‘Englishman, ‘Frenchwoman, ‘Dutchwoman, ‘Welshman.

c. Noun + adjective combinations function generally as adjectives.

‘tax-‘free ‘sky-‘blue

‘stone ‘deaf ‘class-‘conscious

‘world’wide ‘bottle ‘green

d. Adjective + noun with adjectival [ed] collocations form a group of adjectives which are
double-stressed.
‘empty-‘handed ‘quick-‘witted

‘high-‘pitched ‘four-‘legged

‘long-‘winded ‘ill-‘humoured

28
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
 ‘open-‘minded ‘sweet-‘tempered

‘dark-‘haired ‘three-‘storeyed

e. Adjective + verb [-ing] give rise to adjectives with double stress.

‘easy’going ‘far-‘reaching

‘hard-‘working ‘forth’coming

‘ever-‘changing
‘long-‘lasting

3. Other combinations

a. Self + verb [-ing] originate adjectives.

‘self-‘catering ‘self-sup’porting

‘self-‘raising ‘self-de’feating

b. Adverb + Participles give origin to adjectives.

‘far-‘fetched ‘far-‘flung ‘far-‘gone

4. Three-word compounds

The list contains collocations grouped according to their stress. No rules are given for the
resulting patterns.

a. ‘- - ‘-

audiovisual aid nuclear-free zone

self-made man top-class model

nextdoor neighbour two-piece suit

one-way traffic nationwide coverage

old age pension well-balanced diet

29
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
 b. - ‘- -

morning-after pill good luck charm

April Fool’s Day teacher training-college

no-win situation school-leaving age

c. ‘- - -

coffee-table book greenhouse effect

inkjet printer windscreen wiper

fingernail polish football team

30
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
STRESS SHIFT

Activity 1a

'Quick-'witted / A 'Quick-witted 'child

'Four-'legged / A 'four-legged 'animal

'Second 'hand / 'Second hand 'furniture

'Dark 'green / A 'dark green 'sweater

'Tax 'free / A 'tax free 'purchase

'Ground 'floor / A 'ground floor 'office

'Self-sup'porting / A 'self-supporting 'structure

'Trade 'union / A 'trade union 'worker

Activity 1b

A 'quick witted 'child / The 'child is quick 'witted

A ‘self supporting 'structure / The 'structure is self-sup'porting

Activity 2a

'Self-'catering 'Swimming pool

'Sleeping pill 'Forth'coming

'Chat show 'Letdown

'Hard'working 'Long-'lasting

'Far-'fetched 'Meeting point

'Takeaway 'Anglo-A'merican

31
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
Activity 2b

'Self-catering 'holiday 'Expensive 'takeaway

'Forthcoming e'vents 'Powerful 'sleeping pill

'Hardworking so'ciety A 'real 'letdown

'Convenient 'meeting point 'Far-fetched i'dea

'Public 'swimming pool An 'Anglo-American 'author

A 'hilarious 'chatshow

'Long-lasting re'lationship

32
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
UNIT 3 Prominence

1. Why don’t you come over to my place and we discuss it?

2. He woke up early this morning although he'd had weekend parties

on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

3. Mary's ordered six blue cheese muffins and a large orange juice.

4. Try to put on your thinking cap and have that problem solved.

5. They bent over backwards to move the conversation forward.

6. That was an incredibly hard thing they were shooting for.

7. In 1938, American aviator Douglas Corrigan was given permission to

take off from an airfield near New York.

8. The gold sandy beach of the hotel welcomes you to dive into the

crystal blue waters of the sea.

9. This is a great recipe for an easy, foolproof chocolate cake.

10. A nice comfortable house is what I want for my next summer

holidays.

11. The ex-president's death will have long-lasting effects in the country.

12. He bought her a beautiful red dress to be worn in her best friend’s

wedding party.

13. Our heated, saltwater pool is surrounded by palm tree gardens and

very near our all-weather tennis court.

Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022) 33

14. Located on the ground floor, our lobby store is a one-stop-shop for

all the basic necessities of your stay.

15. John Rockefeller was an American millionaire that died in 1937.

16. William has pale aqua green eyes that look blue when he wears
blue.

17. The Lakers will meet the Bulls in the forthcoming playoffs.

18. Scientists are hoping for a major breakthrough in the search for a

cure for cancer.

19. We used to sit outside this café and watch the world go by.

20. She keeps worrying about it even after I’ve told her not to.

Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022) 34

UNIT 4 Intonation

INTEGRATION: SOUNDS AND INTONATION

As you become familiar with the intonation system, try to attend to both these
features and to the target sounds. Remember always to speak in complete
tone units. Also, it is important to consider that a tone unit boundary is not
necessarily realized orally as a pause. Sometimes, in fact, a succession of
several tone units can be said without any interruption. The intonation choices
marked in these sets of tone units are represented in the recorded versions.

1. /ɑ:/

// ˈhalf past↘︎seven //
// I ˈstarted to↘︎smoke //
// I ˈput it in the↘︎jar //
// I ↘︎↗︎can´t eat // what you ↘︎offer me //
// ˈare they having ↗︎fun here //
// aˈpart from what you ↘︎think //

2. /ɜ:/

// we´ve ˈgot to ↘︎work //

// aˈround the ↘︎world //

// there are ˈthirteen ↘︎cats in my garden//

// it´s ˈnot my ↘︎first visit//
// I´d ˈlike to have a ↘︎word with you //

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Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
3. /æ/

// I ˈran the ↘︎race //

// ˈcan I go to the ↗︎toilet //

// I´ve ˈseen the ↘︎programme //

// your ˈhands look ↘︎↗︎chapped //

// it´s ˈnear the ↘︎chapel I think //

4. /ɔ:/

// it´s caused ˈlots of ↘︎trouble //

// ˈnext ↘︎↗︎August // I´m ˈtraveling to ˈNew ↘︎York //

// my ˈdaughter is ˈwalking to ↘︎school right now //

// it´s a ˈbeautiful ↘︎morning //

// I´m ˈgoing to the ↗︎store //

5. /ɪ/

// I live at ˈsixty ˈeight ↘︎Finn Street //

// that´s ↘︎big // ↗︎isn´t it //

// I ˈstill don´t ↘︎know //

// I ˈslipped on a baˈnana ↘︎↗︎skin yesterday //

// she ˈpicked him ↘︎up //

36
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
6. /e/

// I ˈleft it in the ↘︎bar //

// she was ˈvery ↘︎thin //

// my ˈclothes were ↘︎wet //

// it´s ˈtwenty to ↘︎seven //

// is it ˈnext to the ↘︎↗︎fence //

7. /ʌ/

// I´ve ˈjust finished with the ↘︎paperwork //

// ˈhurry ↘︎up Pam //

// He ˈdoesn´t ↘︎love me anymore //

// I ↘︎↗︎wonder // what´s ↘︎on //

// ˈhave you been ˈplaying with ↗︎mud //

8. /i:/

// ˈcan you lend me your ˈthree ↗︎dollars //

// the e ↘︎↗︎xam // was ˈvery ↘︎easy //

// I ˈhaven´t even ↘︎started //

// ˈare you reading ↘︎↗︎anything these days //

// ˈlet´s see if we ↘︎↗︎can //

37
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
9. /ɒ/

// your ˈsocks look ↘︎dirty //

// the ˈchest in your ↘︎↗︎bedroom // is ↘︎locked //

// there ˈseems to be a ↘︎problem //

// it´s ˈgot to be ↘︎true //

// how ˈlong have you ↗︎lived here //

10. /u:/

// ˈwhat can I ↘︎do for you //

// I´ve ˈbought a pair of ↘︎boots //

// there´s a ˈbright ↘︎moon tonight //

// is there any ↗︎food left //

// the ˈshoes I borrowed ↘︎↗︎from you // are ˈreally ↘︎beautiful //

11. /ʊ/

// ˈlook the word ˈup in the ↘︎dictionary //

// ˈlet´s cook some ↘︎pizza tonight //

// ˈwould you ↘︎↗︎like some //

// ˈgood for ↘︎you //

// have you ˈfinished the ↗︎book //

38
Soler, Giménez, Capell, Ghirardotto, Díaz, Garay (2022)
 12. /eɪ/

// I´d ˈlove to ↘︎stay here //

// ˈdo you mind ↘︎↗︎changing //

// ˈwait for ↘︎me please //

// it´s ˈten to ↗︎eight //

// you´ve ˈmade my ↘︎day //

13. /əʊ/

// they´ve ˈstolen my ↘︎bag //

// ↘︎no // it´s ↘︎not //

// this ˈisn´t the ˈbest ↘︎moment in my life //

// ↘︎↗︎phone me // as ˈsoon as you get ↘︎home //

// ˈgo ↗︎back // as ˈquickly as you ↘︎can//

14. /eə/

// ˈwhere is your ↘︎brother //

// ˈturn ↘︎left // as ˈsoon as you get to the ↗︎stairs //

// the ↘︎↗︎chairs // are ˈall ↘︎broken //

//there are ˈthree new ˈbears in the ↘︎zoo //

//

// your ˈhair looks ˈstunningly ↘︎gorgeous //

39
 15. /aɪ/

// ˈthat´s the ˈcleverest i↘︎dea // ↗︎Ben //

// ˈthat´s the ˈmost likely ˈcause of the ↘︎problem //

// proˈvided you ˈget there on ↘︎time //

// my ˈcousin is ˈcoming to ↘︎Brighton tomorrow //

// it´s ↘︎↗︎time // you ˈstarted to ↘︎work //

16. /ɪə/

// that was ˈsheer ↘︎luck //

// ˈknock at the ˈrear ↘︎entrance //

// ↘︎↗︎here // you´ll ˈhave ↘︎fun //

// he´s ˈfull of i↘︎deas //

// an irˈrational ˈfear of ↘︎spiders //

17. /aʊ/

// ˈtell us what the ↘︎book is about //

// ˈturn a↗︎round // and ˈget to ↘︎work //

// ˈhow are you going to ˈsolve this ↘︎problem //

18. ˈjust
// I´ve /b, p/found a so↘︎lution //

// the
// is she ↗︎leaving
ˈbaby´s now
ˈyelling his//↘︎head off //

40
// ˈpass me the ↘︎pepper // ↗︎please //

// the ↘︎↗︎bus stop // is ˈnext to the ↘︎toy shop //

// ˈwho´s re↘︎sponsible for this //

// ˈput your ↗︎books down // and ˈhelp me with this ↘︎paperwork //

19. /d, t/

// I ↘︎↗︎don´t know // who´s ↘︎coming tonight //

// the ˈdoors are ˈclosing at ↘︎ten //

// ˈdoes your ˈteacher know you´re ↗︎leaving //

// ˈDan is ˈdefinitely ↘︎right //

// let´s ˈtake the ˈdog for a ↘︎walk //

20. /g, k/

// get ˈready for the ↘︎party //

// ˈcome as soon as ↘︎possible //

// ˈgood↘︎morning // Mr.↗︎Motherwell //

// ˈcan you ↗︎come please //

// ˈgo by ↗︎car // and ↗︎then // ˈwalk for a ↘︎while //

41
 21. /θ, ð/

// I ↘︎↗︎think // you should ↘︎go //

// those ˈyoung ↘︎men are here //

// it´s ˈthree o´↗︎clock //

// there´s a ˈbathroom at the ↘︎end of the hall //

// that ↘︎↗︎dog over there // ˈmust be taken to the ↘︎vet //

22. /f, v/

// ˈdon´t ↘︎fool with me // ↗︎Harry //

// aˈvoid any kind of ↘︎comments //

// ˈlet´s watch a ˈDV↘︎D tonight // ↘︎shall we //

// the ↗︎vending machine // is ˈopposite the ↘︎printer //

// alˈthough my friends ↘︎↗︎aren´t going // I´d ↘︎love to be there //

23. /s, z/

// ˈdon´t ↘︎say it please //

// ˈroses are my ↘︎favourite flowers //

// ˈSally´s just finished ↘︎secondary school //

//
//ˈSam´s ˈsippy cup´s in his ↘︎bag //

//
//ˈsorry to inter↘︎↗︎rupt you //

42
 24. /ʃ, ʒ/

// ˈcalm ↗︎down // and ˈstop ↘︎shouting at me //

// ˈSharon´s bought a ˈnew tele↘︎vision //

// ↘︎↗︎reading // gives me a ˈlot of ↘︎pleasure //

// these ↘︎↗︎shoes // are ˈvery ex↘︎pensive //

// ˈleisure ac↗︎tivities // are ˈgood for our ↘︎health //

25. /tʃ, dʒ/

// ˈJim´s ˈgirlfriend´s got ˈdark brown ↘︎hair //

// he´s ↘︎choking //

// these ˈchildren are on ↘︎holiday now //

// ↘︎↗︎January // is the ↘︎hottest month of the year //

// when you ↗︎finish // ˈchange your ↘︎clothes //

26. /m, n, ɱ/

// ˈlearning a ˈforeign ↘︎↗︎language // is ˈabsolutely ↘︎necessary at present //

// our ˈautumn starts in ↘︎March //

// ˈno I ↘︎don´t // neither ˈJohn nor ↗︎Pam // has studied ↘︎English//

27. /w,I should

// I ˈthink j/ be ↘︎leaving //

43
// I´m ˈten years ↘︎old //

// that ↘︎↗︎woman over there // is ↘︎staring at me //

// the ˈcar’s ↘︎yellow //

// do you ˈreally ↗︎think so //

// the ˈwood ˈduck is in ˈdanger of ex↘︎tinction //

28. /l, r/

// there´s a ˈred ˈlizard in my ↘︎garden //

// ˈlook at ↘︎me //↗︎please //

// that´s ˈabsolutely ↘︎right //

// the ˈlights are ↗︎low //and there´s a ˈglow around the ↘︎spirit //

// ˈleave me a↘︎lone //

44
 Shared vs. New Information
1.

Rupert: Could you let me know your exact office address?

Alison: Yes, of course, no problem. I’ll send you an email to confirm our meeting, and I’ll

make sure I include our office details and how to get here.

Rupert: Thanks, well, that’s all settled then. I’ll see you a week on Wednesday. In the

meantime, I do hope your trip to Belgium goes well.

Alison: Thank you, Rupert. I look forward to seeing you then. Goodbye.

Rupert: Bye, Alison. Oh, sorry Alison before you hang up, would you be kind enough to email

me the background information about your new range of products so that I can read up

about them before the meeting?

Alison: No problem, I’ll send it through now.

2.

Routined or well-established activities

Interviewer: What do you spend most of your money on?

Rosalind: Probably alcohol! No, that’s not it! What do I spend most … No, probably travel. I,

yeah, save up for holidays and flights to places and going out to, yeah, exhibitions and the

theatre and … experiences rather than things. Yeah.

3.

All tones

Interviewer: Fine. Let’s try this again! You’ve got the job and now you’re fired.

Applicant: No. You've offered me the job and I never accepted. Look, I've already worked for

you. It's very...tedious. And now you want me back. I...I think it's a regressive career move.

45
4.

Controlled practice

1. A: Have a great time in Norway.

B: I’m going to Sweden, not to Norway.

2. A: Can you come over now?

B: I’m 'quite busy at the moment.

3. A: I’d hate to be a painter like John. I don’t like going up ladders.

B: He’s an artist not a decorator.

4. A: I hear Sue’s going to India this summer.

B: She’s going there permanently not just for the summer.

5. A: See you on Saturday.

B: But I’ll be in London at the weekend.

6. A: Tom’s trying to get fit. He’s on a diet.

B: He’ll have to do more exercise, not just eat less.

7. A: You should easily beat Emma at tennis.

B: Not Emma, I’m playing Suzanne.

8. A: What would you like to drink?

9. B: A mint tea and a coffee please, and please bring me some cream for the coffee.

46
 Intonation of questions
5.

Downton Abbey

Mary: It is you. When Anna told me I thought there must be a mistake.

How did you get here?

Lord Gilligham: On the same train as you. But I was travelling in third.

Mary: Why?

Lord Gilligham: Because I didn't want to speak to you in a railway carriage with, you know, Tom

and everyone else listening.

Mary: Would you like some tea?

Lord Gilligham: Yes, if I may.

Mary: I assume you're going to give me an explanation at some stage. Lord

Gilligham: It's not complicated. I’ve made a long journey to ask a short

question. Will you marry me?

Mary: Tony, you don't know me.

Lord Gilligham: How can you say that? We've known each other since we were children.

Mary: Yes, but with a very long gap in the middle. We only met properly a few days ago and

now you want to spend the rest of your life with me.

Lord Gilligham: Yes. That's exactly what I want. I love you, Mary, and there must be a way to

convince you.

Mary: Ah, James, could you bring us some tea?

James: Very good, m'lady.

Lord Gilligham: Look, I never met Matthew but I'm sure he was a splendid chap.

Mary: He was.

Lord Gilligham: But he's dead and I'm alive. We're good together, Mary. We could be so very

happy if you'd let us.

Mary: And Miss Lane Fox?

47
Lord Gilligham: I like Mabel... a lot. I even think that I could come to love her. But I'm not in

love with her as I am with you. You fill my brain. I see you when I close my eyes. I can't stop

thinking about you - where you are, what you're doing.

Mary: You're very persuasive.

Lord Gilligham: Then be persuaded.

Mary: I only wish I could.

Lord Gilligham: Not now, if you don't want to. You take as long as you need -two years, three.

Just so long as I know that you'll marry me in the end.

6.

Commercials

Video 1. The baby

Man: Hello, excuse, can I have and egg McMuffin and a … Linda:

Hello?

Man: I said an egg McMuffin and a large cup of coffee.

Linda: Can you say that one more time, please?

Linda: Sir, did you say egg McMuffin and a large coffee?

Man: With cream and sugar, please.

Man: How much?

Video 2. Bubbly

MB: Blackberry Bublé, my favourite

Lady: You mean, Bubly MB:

No, I mean Bublé.

48
Lady: You’re Michael Bublé. That’s a Bubly. Dave:

She’s right, Michael Bublé. It’s pronounced… MB:

Bublé, I know thanks, Dave.

Girl: Can I have your autograph Mr. Bubly?

MB: It’s Bublé.

Dave: Michael, don’t do that.

Video 3. Driving

Dad: So uhhh your seat good? Get the mirrors all adjusted so that you can see everything

okay? Just stay off the freeways alright? I don’t want you going around those yet. Just leave

your phone and your purse, I don’t want your texts, yeah?

Daughter: Daddy, ok. I’m fine.

Dad: Okay, There you go. Be careful.

Daughter: Thanks, dad.

Dad: Call me, but not while you’re driving.

7.

Question tags

A: Wonderful view from up here, isn't it?

B: Great.

A: I said it would be worth the effort, didn't I?

49
B: Hmm.

A: You're not tired, are you?

B: Exhausted. Give me some water, will you?

A: Not very fit, are you? Still, not much further.

B: But we’re at the top, aren’t we?

A: Just another kilometre to go. We can't turn round now, can we?

B: Of course we can. Let's go back now, shall we? Please.

Roles and Status of speakers

8.

Doctor: Where’s the pain, Mrs. Newell?

Patient: Here, Doctor, in my chest.

D: I see. Here?

P: Yes, Doctor.

D: Does it hurt when you cough?

P: Yes, it does.

D: How long have you had it?

P: Six or seven weeks.

D: Six or seven weeks? As long as that?

P: I think so.

D: Have you tried taking anything – for the cough I mean?

P: Well, the usual honey and hot lemon. And then I bought some cough syrup.

D: Did it help?

P: No, Doctor. That’s why I´ve come to see you.

50
9.

W: Excuse me! Is there a newsagent’s near here?

M: Yes. There’s one in Barry Street.

W: Where’s that?

M: Go along this road and turn right. That’s Barry Street. Go past the pub and the

newsagent’s is on the right, opposite the supermarket.

W: I go along this road and turn right. Then I go past the pub and…

M: And the newsagent’s is on the right.

W: Opposite the supermarket. Oh great. Thanks a lot.

M: No problem.

10.

Once upon a time before the turn of the century, by which I mean late 1999, I saw a job posting

for a position at a new dotcom in town. When I went in for the interview they said that they

were going to be the Yahoo of streaming media. Now, back before everybody wanted to be the

Uber of something, people actually said they were the Yahoo of something. So the Yahoo of

streaming media. It sounded pretty exciting. What was more exciting was that they were gonna

offer stock options, which meant that when we had our IPO, which was of course really just a

matter of time, we would all be rich. Never mind that the Yahoo streaming media really didn’t

have any revenue or any way that generates any revenue that we could see, but this was the

new economy. That was just how it worked.

11.

Completing a Timesheet at Work

A: Jack, could you help me please? I need to know how to complete my timesheet.

B: They are actually fairly straightforward. Do you know where the blanks are kept?

A: Yes, I already have one.

51
B: OK, well… after you take one out of that second drawer, you put your name on the top. Do

you see?

A: I am kind of confused.

B: Next you fill in all of your hours for each day and total them. Do you know how to show time

on a 24-hour clock?

A: I'm not quite sure.

B: Midnight is zero and when you put the minutes in, make sure that you show them with a

dot followed by the minutes. Do you understand?

A: No, I have no idea what you are talking about.

B: It's easy, just write in the hours, total it, sign it, and put it in the box.

A: Thanks for your help.

B: Try it and if you can't do it, one of us can always help you later.

12.

Perception with lists/enumerations

Clip from Arrow

Laurel: After you disappeared with Sarah. I was sorry I ever knew you. But now things have

happened that I never thought would. You coming home, my parents being in the same room,

and you. What if I’m finally starting to see you for who you really are?

Oliver: No, Laurel, that’s not.

Laurel: Maybe Tommy was right. Maybe he and I weren’t meant to be. Maybe I’m finally

ready to admit that…that I still have feelings for you, too.

Oliver: Nothing’s changed. My life hasn’t changed. I haven’t changed.

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TEXTS FOR ORAL AND WRITTEN PRACTICE

Mark intonation in the following dialogues. Follow the instructions of your

teacher.

13. (as from minute 1.09)

Q: Can I ask what you’ve got in your bag?

A: Fruit and nuts, snacks.

Q: All good healthy stuff then?

A: Yep, dried apricots, raisins, cashew nuts, and some pistachios. All organic, all fair trade.

Q: Do you always buy fair trade?

A: Whenever possible, yeah.

The British Council https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LnrpX2m9BTkZCVewzvVcDWXf-TLJj9Wf/view?usp=sharing

14.

Keith: Are you free on the thirteenth in the afternoon?

Cathy: No I'm afraid not. I'm meeting Ruth then. How about the fourteenth in the morning?

Keith: I'm sorry. I'm attending a meeting at the Hilton then.

Cathy: What about the next day?

Keith: No. I'm busy then too. I'm meeting Dorothy Heath at North Bridge Road. Are you free
on Thursday afternoon?

Cathy: Yes, I think I am. Let's meet for lunch at mouth restaurant.

Keith: Good idea! Is two o'clock okay?

Cathy: That's fine. See you there!

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/dialogues Dialogue 4

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15.

A: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the nearest pharmacy please?

B: Yes. There´s a chemist´s quite near here. Turn left at the traffic lights, then take the
second right and the pharmacy is on the corner.

Daily Step English

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XuAohc4hGL9UvvLOA9O20TMYShRwEvXo/view?usp=sharing

16.

A: Come in. You’re Elena Burgess, aren't you?

B: Yes, that’s right. I see you have two jobs available for psychologists. I’ve just finished my
studies, and I’m not sure which job to apply for. This would be my first job.

A: Well, please tell me about yourself. What do you see as your strengths?

B: Strengths? Hmmm…Well, people say I have a lot of compassion.

A: You're compassionate? In what way?

B: I’m able to understand other people’s feelings – to put myself in their shoes. I think I must
have gotten that from my parents. Both my parents are psychologists, too.

(Saslow & Ascher, 2006, p. 45)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Mks0WGXUOf6AoZApwMwuQCNpitCBWvyz/view?usp=sharing

17.

Janet: Hey, Lucy! Looking for anything special?

Lucy: Janet! No, I’m just browsing. What are you up to?

Janet: I’m picking up some garden magazines for my mom. She can’t get enough of them.

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 So, are you reading anything good these days?

Lucy: Well, I’ve got a book of poetry on my night table, but I just can’t seem to get into it. I

guess poetry just doesn’t turn me on.

Janet: Have you read the new John Grisham?

Lucy: No, actually, I haven’t. I didn’t know he had a new book out.

Janet: Well, I can’t put it down. It’s a real page-turner.

Lucy: Thanks for the tip. I think I’ll get that.

Janet: Don’t bother. I’m just about finished. If you can wait till the end of the week, I’ll lend
it to you.
(Saslow & Ascher, 2006, p. 75)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B5xZ1ilp8bWFjaDcxllp3cnL-AgG7W8I/view?usp=sharing

18.

A: Can I have a word with you, in private, please?

B: Yes. What is it? I’m incredibly busy at the moment.

A: Well…I don’t like having to say this but I think that if you and I are to continue working
together, we’re going to have to draw up some ground rules. We’re not exactly getting
along like a house on fire, are we?

B: Oh! And d’you think it’s all my fault, I suppose?

A: No, no. I’m not saying that. I’m just trying to get to the root of the problem and to
understand where we’re going wrong. I’m not trying to lay all the blame at your feet. I
know that I probably share at least 50 per cent of the responsibility.

B: I’m sorry. I’m being out of order. Let’s start this conversation over again, shall we?

A: Yes. Let’s. As far as I’m concerned, I can’t see any good reason why you and I can’t get

along a bit better.

Daily Step English

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HhsHDQjobsmICZhgixL1BgUUw_FBEBya/view?usp=sharing

55
19.

Jean: Where shall we sit? Look! There are some free seats in the corner.

Jill: The seats by the window are better. It'll be cooler there.

Jean: Okay. What would you like to eat? Jill: I'm really hungry. I think I'll have chicken and
chips with baked beans. Why don't you have chicken too?

Jean: I don't eat meat. It makes me ill. I'll have a cheese sandwich instead.

Jill: And what about drinks? I think I'll have some mint tea.

Jean: No, that's really expensive! It's three dollars sixty cents! I'll have a coffee; it's much
cheaper.

Waiter: Good evening.

Jill: Good evening. We'll have one chicken and chips with baked beans and one cheese
sandwich please.

Waiter: No problem! What would you like to drink?

Jean: A mint tea and a coffee please. Oh - and please bring me some cream for the coffee.

Waiter: Okay. let me repeat your order. One chicken and chips with beans, one cheese
sandwich, a mint tea and a coffee with cream.

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/dialogues Dialogue 7

20.

- I walked into the kitchen yesterday and I said to my dad, "Hey, I'm hungry!" and my dad

said, "Hi hungry, I'm Dad."

- Dad asked me, "Have you heard about the new movie 'Constipation'?" I was like,

56
"What? No." And he said, "It never came out." Who even calls a movie Constipation?

- My dad and I were going past the aquarium and he said to me,"How many tickles does it

take to make an octopus laugh?", and he said, "Tentacles." Like what? Ah, tentacles.

- Hey Dad, can you make me a sandwich?

- And what did Dad say?

- Abracadabra, you are the sandwich.

https://es.englishcentral.com/video/25593

21.

Boy: Where were you two hours ago?

Girl: Go easy on him, he's had a long day.

Boy: Do you even have an alibi?

Girl: Calm down, James.

Boy: I bet you missed dinner just so you can have that Kraft Homestyle Mac and

Cheese Bowl.

Dad: I was covering Kevin's shift.

Girl: Lies!

Boy: Hey, I thought I was the bad cop.

https://es.englishcentral.com/video/20418

22. (from minute 4.14 to minute 4.48) Katie: Tom you’ve traveled a

lot. Do you…

Tom: Yeah.

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Katie: Do you get jet-lag and how do you deal with it?

Tom: Yes, I do get jet-lag sometimes…erm…and I only deal with it by trying to change my

sleep patterns, my sleep times a little bit before I travel, so … so they’re more …

Katie: Yeah.

Tom: … in tune …

Katie: … with where you’re going …

Tom: … with where I´m going, yeah. And that’s it basically.

http://zappenglish.com/podcast-vocabulary-pronunciation-3-4-travel

23. (from minute 6.05 to minute 6.38)

Tom: Have you ever lost a boarding card?

Katie: Er … no, I haven´t. In the recent years … my partner seems to think that I can´t be

trusted to look after my own boarding card, and so, I´m not allowed to carry it … er … which

is probably why I haven’t lost it. Have you ever lost one?

Tom: No, I´m very careful with my boarding card, my passport and all the travel essentials

when I´m in an airport… Katie: Me too. I count them all …

Tom: I’m obsessed with it.

Katie: about ten times … Tom:

Exactly.

http://zappenglish.com/podcast-vocabulary-pronunciation-3-4-travel

24.

Brody: Look, I've been down this road before. I'm not what Carrie says I am. Ask

David Estes. He'll tell you.

Quinn: By Carrie, you mean Carrie Mathison?

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Brody: Yes.

Quinn: And what exactly does she think you are?

Brody: A terrorist.

Quinn: And you're not?

Brody: No, I'm not.

Quinn: You should know that everything that you say in here will be used against you in your

trial. You should also know that you are facing a possible death sentence.

Brody: I want a lawyer.

Quinn: Well, life is full of disappointments.

Brody: I want a fucking lawyer!

Quinn: After your capture in 2003, you were subjected to a period of five years of profound

and constant torture. It says here, "Brutally beaten, electricity, isolation and worse." Am I

getting things right so far? It is important that we're accurate.

Hmm? Hmm … Why did the torture stop?

Brody: I'm completely off the grid here, aren't I?

Quinn: Why did the torture stop?

Brody: I don't know.

(Homeland https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9-hC-I77vA)

25. Managing remote teams

Notice that team members who are more introverted in person can really profit from

written communication. Physical barriers can actually level the playing field for those

who may be less inclined to speak in group settings. Lastly, find ways to celebrate and

socialize remotely, to strengthen relationships between team members and improve

collaboration. Even a simple switch from conference calls to video calls, for instance, can

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boost rapport and create empathy. The challenges of remote teams will not disappear.

But creating consistent rules, rituals and protocols will go a long way in building a new

communication skill set.

English Central https://es.englishcentral.com/video/36893

26. Meditation that adapts to you

You are you; there's is no one else like you. And you are not like anyone else, you are a

true original. What we have in common is that we are all unique. Balance believes that

how you meditate should reflect who you are, which is why this approach is different.

Balance adapts to you for whatever reason you're on in this journey, however long

you've been here, and no matter where you're headed. You're asked questions every

step of the way, like which techniques you enjoy, how fast you are learning, and what

you want out of your experience. And each guided meditation adjusts to meet your

needs. With thousands of paths diverging from your responses meaning you build your

core meditation skills at your own pace. And the road you take is as unique as you. We

know that meditation isn't one-size-fits-all. Balance brings you a truly personalized

approach because you're you.

English Central https://es.englishcentral.com/video/37218

27. The key to a successful marriage

Some people will tell you that a great relationship is based on the attraction of

opposites. Others say you have to have taste, interest and personality types in common

or your marriage will fail. So which one's true? Well, neither guarantees success. What

does matter is that you and your partner share identical core values. Yes. I said identical

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not similar: identical. The closer you match your partner's values, the better your

chances of making it in your marriage. Values are the principles that guide our actions,

particularly in relation to others. They express how we think people should behave.

When we act out of value, we're doing our part to make the world the way we think it

should be, not just the way it is. Values inspire us to attempt that very lofty goal. Another

thing about values, they're not situation-specific. No matter what the circumstance is,

values hold. Goals can change, desires can adjust. But our sense of what is right on a gut

level cannot be altered. So discover your values and your partner's values and start

finding common ground.

English Central https://es.englishcentral.com/video/18197

28. How playing an instrument benefits your brain

Did you know that every time musicians pick up their instruments there are fireworks

going off all over their brain? On the outside, they may look calm and focused, reading

the music and making the precise and practiced movements required. But inside their

brains, there's a party going on. How do we know this? Well, in the last few decades,

neuroscientists have made enormous breakthroughs in understanding how our brains

work by monitoring them in real time with instruments like fMRI and PET scanners.

When people are hooked up to these machines, tasks such as reading or doing math

problems, each have corresponding areas of the brain where activity can be observed.

But when researchers got the participants to listen to music, they saw fireworks.

Multiple areas of their brains were lighting up at once, as they processed the sound,

took it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back

together into unified musical experience. And our brains do all this work in a split second

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between when we first hear the music and when our foot starts to tap along. But when

scientists turned from observing the brains of music listeners to those of musicians, the

little backyard fireworks became a jubilee. It turns out that while listening to music

engages the brain in some pretty interesting activities, playing music is the brain’s

equivalent of a full-body workout. The neuroscientists saw multiple areas of the brain

light up, simultaneously processing different information in intricate, interrelated and

astonishingly fast sequences. But what is it about making music that sets the brain

alight? The research is still fairly new, but neuroscientists have a pretty good idea.

Playing a musical instrument engages practically every area of the brain at once,

especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices. And, as with any other workout,

disciplined, structured practice in playing music strengthens those brain functions,

allowing us to apply that strength to other activities. The most obvious difference

between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills,

which are controlled in both hemispheres of the brain. It also combines the linguistic

and mathematical precision in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the

novel and creative content that the right excels in. For these reasons, playing music has

been found to increase the volume and activity in the brain’s corpus callosum, the bridge

between the two hemispheres, allowing messages to get across the brain faster and

through more diverse routes. This may allow musicians to solve problems more

effectively and creatively, in both academic and social settings. Because making music

also involves crafting and understanding its emotional content and message, musicians

often have higher levels of executive function, a category of interlinked tasks that

includes planning, strategizing and attention to detail, and requires simultaneous

analysis of both cognitive and emotional aspects. This ability also has an impact on how

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our memory systems work. And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions,

creating, storing, and retrieving memories more quickly and efficiently. Studies have

found that musicians appear to use their highly connected brains to give each memory

multiple tags, such as a conceptual tag, an emotional tag, an audio tag, and a contextual

tag, like a good internet search engine. So, how do we know that all these benefits are

unique to music, as opposed to, say, sports or painting? Or could it be that people who

go into music were already smarter to begin with? Neuroscientists have explored these

issues, but, so far, they have found that the artistic and aesthetic aspects of learning to

play a musical instrument are different from any other activity studied, including other

arts. And several randomized studies of participants, who showed the same levels of

cognitive function and neural processing at the start, found that those who were

exposed to a period of musical learning showed enhancement in multiple brain areas,

compared to the others. This recent research about the mental benefits of playing music

has advanced our understanding of mental function, revealing the inner rhythms and

complex interplay that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain.

TED Ideas worth spreading:

https://www.ted.com/talks/anita_collins_how_playing_an_instrument_benefits_your_brain?langu

age=en#t-269769

29. How to organize your desk

The desk is the main hub of any workspace. So the key thing to do before organizing

your desk is to figure out what the main purpose is of that micro workspace that you're

gonna be sitting at for most of your day. What are the main activities you're gonna be

doing, and what are you gonna need close at hand? The next thing to do is start with a

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clean slate. Clear off your desktop, clear out any drawers, anything around the desk.

Start with a clean slate and build up from there. The next thing to do is keep frequently

used items close at hand. Whether that's an inbox, an outbox, action files, a stapler, a

pen, whatever you're gonna need on a day-to-day basis. Next, file anything unnecessary

out of sight. If you don't need them on a daily or a regular basis, you don't need it within

arm's reach. Keep that space free and clear so you can get in and out easily and do your

job without any extra stress or headaches. Lastly, preserve your desk as a work-only

space. It's really important that the things on and around your desk are all there to help

you get your job done and be efficient and effective. If you keep these tips in mind, you'll

be able to keep your desk and your workspace as a whole, more organized, and you'll

be able to have a much more productive work experience.

English Central https://es.englishcentral.com/video/19742

30. Tennis and keeping fit Interviewer:

Good morning, Phil.

Phil: Morning, Jo.

Interviewer: Erm, what would you like to talk about today?

Phil: Er, I thought I'd just say a little bit about the importance of, erm, trying to keep your

body fit when you're getting older. I was, er, I had, my blood pressure was getting higher

and the doctor was saying it was getting close to needing medication to improve it. And

I said to him, 'I think I'd rather not have the medication but I will try and take more

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exercise.' So, I had to find some form of exercise which was enjoyable and which would

also keep me fitter. So, I chose to take up playing tennis. I, erm, I'm quite good at hitting

a ball or catching a ball so that wasn't any problem. And I get very bored if I just go

running. But tennis has the advantage that you have a ball to chase around for an hour,

you're stopping and starting, and it also has a very good social aspect to it where you

join a club and you meet lots of other people who are, a lot of them are the same age

as you, and you soon find some friends to play with. And you can go and play a game

regularly, and then afterwards, have a cup of coffee and a conversation with people. So,

it gets you out of the house and meeting other people, and I think it has a whole lot of

advantages. And this has certainly worked for me because I started playing regularly

about eight or nine years ago and I have never needed to have any medication for my

blood pressure. In fact, my blood pressure now is lower and more healthy than it was

before I started playing. I really just got rather lazy. I used to take exercise and play, I

used to play squash and other games when I was younger but then I got lazy. My knees

got a bit creaky and I stopped playing anything until I took up tennis. And I think, really,

it's transformed my life. I'm so much fitter than I was eight years ago. I feel healthier for

it. I've made a lot of new friends who I have a lot of fun with. And I think it has

tremendous benefits.

Interviewer: Great! How old were you, may I ask, when you started playing tennis?

Phil: I think I was in my early sixties. I was between about, I was probably about 63,

between 60 and 65. And I'm now 72. And, erm, I have, my tennis in that time has

improved a lot. I have a friend who is a retired tennis professional who I play with quite

a lot, and he's given me quite a few tips on how to improve my tennis. And now I even

65
occasionally get invited to play by some of the better players in the tennis club, which I

think is rather good. It improves my morale as well as my fitness.

Interviewer: Ah, that's great! Thank you very much.

Phil: You're very welcome.

The British Council https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/audio-

zone/tennis-and-keeping-fit

31. Four ways to protect yourself from coronavirus

Lots of people are worrying about coronavirus. And we see a lot of people with masks,

Can I only get sick? and I think Do I Really need to go out? Most People if you catch

coronavirus, it’ll be mild. But for some, coronavirus could be really serious. These are

mostly older people and people with underlying health conditions: things like asthma

diabetes and heart disease. Good news is you can protect yourself and the NHS says you

should do these things. Even if you’re not likely to be seriously affected by coronavirus

you may pass it on to someone who could be. Number one: wash your hands more. The

more you wash your hands the less likely you are to spread the virus to other people. So

if you’ve been out in a public place, on a bus, or a train, wash your hands as soon as you

can afterwards, and properly wash your hands. So that takes about 20 seconds to get

them really clean focusing on all parts of your hand, not just your palm, backs of hands,

around the nails, in between the fingers, wrists and your thumb, and use soap and

water. And when you’re done turn the tap off using a tissue and put it in the bin.

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Antibacterial gels do work, but soap and water is best. Number two: avoid touching your

eyes, nose and mouth because that’s the way the virus could get into your body. You

can still touch your face, but only if you’ve washed your hands before. Number three:

catching your coughs and sneezes. Experts think coronavirus is spread by droplets that

come out of your nose and mouth, so when you sneeze or cough catch them with

disposable tissues, then bin it, and wash your hands. Disposable tissues are better than

handkerchiefs that you carry around with you all the time. If you don’t have a tissue,

sneeze or cough into the crook of your elbow. That way the germs are away from your

hands and you’re less likely to pass them on unless you greet people using your elbow.

Don’t touch things with your hands if you don’t have to. The less you touch things like

surfaces, handrails, lift buttons, the less likely you are to catch the virus or indeed spread

it on. Number 4: stay away from people who are ill. If people are unwell don’t get too

close to them, the closer you get the more likely you are to catch something. Apart from

that you should go about your life as normal. That means you should go to work, go to

school, and see your friends unless you’ve been told not to by your doctor or the NHS

one-one-one coronavirus service. When it comes to traveling check with the foreign

office before you plan to go. Now it’s important to say that there’s no evidence that you

can catch coronavirus from letters, parcels or food, and these things won’t work when

it comes to treating coronavirus: UV light, antibiotics, garlic and saline solution. As for

masks they’re important when people are in very close contact with patients but there’s

very little evidence that masks are helpful in everyday life. If you’ve been coughing or

you have a high temperature or you’re short of breath you may have the symptoms of

coronavirus, but you don’t necessarily have coronavirus. But if you think you may do,

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don’t go anywhere, especially not the hospital, pharmacy or doctors. Instead phone your

doctor or use the online NHS one-one-one

Coronavirus Service, and there’ll be the ones who can tell you what you should do next.

YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21MIvkk7Imc

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