9iConceptualizing a Research
Variables – Independent Variable, Dependent variable (outcome)
2 Independent variables
1 Dependent variable
Components:
1. Problem Situation
2. Factors influencing the Problem (Dependent Variable)
3. Research Gap
4. Relevance of the Study
Problem situation
Dependent Variable
Level of Satisfaction of Patient
Studies
Patient satisfaction was recognized as an indispensable
component of healthcare quality assurance programs by
the World Health Organization for decades (Darby et al.,
2003). Patient satisfaction is as an important indicator of
the quality of healthcare systems (Aharony and Strasser,
1992). The knowledge attained from patient satisfaction
scales can greatly benefit healthcare providers in
identifying areas of improvement and appreciating
patients’ needs and, consequently, developing more
effective and better-quality services (Batbaatar et al.,
2017), which ultimately leads to the optimization of
management plans (Jackson et al., 2001).
People need hospitals to recover and get back to their full
health. Although they may receive support from the best
providers in their region, the recovery environment can
influence how well they heal and how long they need
treatment. [Ginger Abbot, 2022].
It was a major obstacle to healing and that the wellbeing
and recovery of patients was directly related to the
physical environment of the hospital and its health care
facilities. Later studies suggest that the hospital
environment is itself a ‘healing landscape’ that has a
distinct effect on the health and recovery of patients.
[Tyson MM, 1998]
Patient satisfaction with nursing care has the following
components: expectation, hospital physical environment,
communication and information, participation and
involvement, interpersonal relations, and competence.
(Johansson P et al., 2002)
Since nurses spend most of their time with patients, they
have a great role in determining overall patient
satisfaction. (Villarruz-Sulit MVC et al., 2009). In
addition, nurses provide up to 80% of primary healthcare.
(Hughes F., 2006). Thus, dissatisfaction with the nursing
care may indicate poor healthcare quality and decreases
the achievement of standards. (Abdullah MY , et al 2010).
 A review of literature shows variability in the percent of
patients reporting satisfaction with nursing care: 73% in
India, 51.7% in Serbia, 57.8% in the Philippines,8 54.8%
in Turkey and 82.7% in Malaysia. In Ethiopia, patient
satisfaction with nursing care is 67% at Black Lion
Hospital, 81.8% at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and
Finote Selam Hospital, and 56.9% at Debre Markos
Hospital. Factors influencing patients’ satisfaction with
nursing care are age, sex, the level of education,
employment, and income. [Nigussie T., 2018]

The nurses have a central role in offering emotional and

psychological support to patients and their families in all
settings, such as supporting the patient through diagnosis
and ensuring optimum care given to them. Besides the
provision of technical care, nurses must have the qualified
professional knowledge, attitudes and skills, providing the
informational, emotional and practical supports (Akhtari‐
Zavare et al 2016).

Antecedents of the Dependent Variable

Factors Affecting Nursing Studies

Care in the Environmental
Quality of Facility and
Quality of Care
Environmental Quality of Quality of care is a dominant concept in quality assurance and
Facility quality improvement programs in the healthcare sector. The
importance of quality in the healthcare sector has been recognized,
but it has been accelerated over the last decade through the
development of quality insurance, quality improvement programs
and patients’ agendas [Raftopoulos V. 2005].

Also, satisfaction with care is an essential tool in the monitoring of

the quality of health care. [Maconko M. et., 2016] Also, the
quality of care given to a patient can be influenced by patient's
attitude to the staff nurses, and the nurse’s previous experiences
with the patient. [ Haskins JLM 2014]. Satisfaction with care is
predictive of likelihood of patient to continue to use healthcare
facility and adhere to medical advice and determinant of overall
care coverage and effectiveness. [Osiya DA 2017]

Nurses spend a lot of time with patients, they affect patient

experiences of care. [Westbrook J et al., 2011] Research has
shown that the nursing work environment is a determining factor.
[Kutney-Lee A et al., 2009]. It seems that when patients have
positive experiences of nursing care, nurses also experience a good
and healthy work environment. [Aiken LH et al., 2012]. A healthy
work environment can be defined as a work setting in which
nurses are able to both achieve the goals of the organization and
derive personal satisfaction from their work. [Disch J 2002]
 Patients’ satisfaction is an essential ingredient in measuring
Quality of Care quality healthcare as it gives insight on the workers’ progress
toward patients’ desire. It is a major factor in patients’
expectations. [Xesfingi S, Vozikis A., 2016]

It was observed that patient satisfaction is affected by the attitude

of health workers toward patients, ability to offer immediate
attention, waiting time, ability to send information, and the
tolerance by physicians to plainly explain to the patient what was
wrong before giving detailed message concerning their drugs and
the environment. [Penson DF, Wei JT, 2007]

Research Gap

Gap in research Justification Areas that have not been

answered by previous
studies
Variable Gap Satisfaction can be defined as the extent of Comparison of the level of
an individual’s experience compared with satisfaction of Nursing Care
his or her expectations. (Guldvog, 1999) between The Environmental
Client’s satisfaction is related to the extent Quality of Facility and
to which general health care needs and Quality of Care given.
condition-specific needs are met. [Pascoe
GC 1986] Evaluating to what extent clients
are satisfied with health services is clinically
relevant, as satisfied clients are more likely
to comply with treatment. [Valentine N.
2015]

Group gap Not yet been explored among

According to Donabendian (A., 2000) any the Environmental Quality of
health care provider must desire its basic Facility and Quality of Care
goals and objectives by offering various as sample.
clients support services.

Nurses are a pivotal part of the health care

system who spend more time with patients
and provide about 80% of primary health
care service in the hospital. Hence,
measuring the level of patient satisfaction
with nursing care is important to determine
the overall satisfaction of the hospital
service provided, and to evaluate whether
patients’ needs and expectations are fulfilled
which can help nurses to plan appropriate
nursing interventions for the patients.
[Henok Mulugeta, 2019]

Problem situation
Patient satisfaction was recognized as an indispensable component of healthcare
quality assurance programs by the World Health Organization for decades (Darby et
al., 2003). Patient satisfaction is as an important indicator of the quality of healthcare
systems (Aharony and Strasser, 1992). The knowledge attained from patient
satisfaction scales can greatly benefit healthcare providers in identifying areas of
improvement and appreciating patients’ needs and, consequently, developing more
effective and better-quality services (Batbaatar et al., 2017), which ultimately leads to
the optimization of management plans (Jackson et al., 2001).

People need hospitals to recover and get back to their full health. Although they may
receive support from the best providers in their region, the recovery environment can
influence how well they heal and how long they need treatment. [Ginger Abbot,
2022].

It was a major obstacle to healing and that the wellbeing and recovery of patients was
directly related to the physical environment of the hospital and its health care
facilities. Later studies suggest that the hospital environment is itself a ‘healing
landscape’ that has a distinct effect on the health and recovery of patients. [Tyson
MM, 1998]

Patient satisfaction with nursing care has the following components: expectation,
hospital physical environment, communication and information, participation and
involvement, interpersonal relations, and competence. (Johansson P et al., 2002)

Since nurses spend most of their time with patients, they have a great role in
determining overall patient satisfaction. (Villarruz-Sulit MVC et al., 2009). In
addition, nurses provide up to 80% of primary healthcare. (Hughes F., 2006). Thus,
dissatisfaction with the nursing care may indicate poor healthcare quality and
decreases the achievement of standards. (Abdullah MY , et al 2010).

A review of literature shows variability in the percent of patients reporting satisfaction

with nursing care: 73% in India, 51.7% in Serbia, 57.8% in the Philippines,8 54.8% in
Turkey and 82.7% in Malaysia. In Ethiopia, patient satisfaction with nursing care is
67% at Black Lion Hospital, 81.8% at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and Finote
Selam Hospital, and 56.9% at Debre Markos Hospital. Factors influencing patients’
satisfaction with nursing care are age, sex, the level of education, employment, and
income. [Nigussie T., 2018]

The nurses have a central role in offering emotional and psychological support to
patients and their families in all settings, such as supporting the patient through
diagnosis and ensuring optimum care given to them. Besides the provision of
technical care, nurses must have the qualified professional knowledge, attitudes and
skills, providing the informational, emotional and practical supports (Akhtari‐Zavare
et al 2016).

Factors influencing the Dependent Variable

Quality of care is a dominant concept in quality assurance and quality improvement

programs in the healthcare sector. The importance of quality in the healthcare sector
has been recognized, but it has been accelerated over the last decade through the
development of quality insurance, quality improvement programs and patients’
agendas [Raftopoulos V. 2005].
Also, satisfaction with care is an essential tool in the monitoring of the quality of
health care. [Maconko M. et., 2016] Also, the quality of care given to a patient can be
influenced by patient's attitude to the staff nurses, and the nurse’s previous
experiences with the patient. [ Haskins JLM 2014]. Satisfaction with care is predictive
of likelihood of patient to continue to use healthcare facility and adhere to medical
advice and determinant of overall care coverage and effectiveness. [Osiya DA 2017]

Nurses spend a lot of time with patients, they affect patient experiences of care.
[Westbrook J et al., 2011] Research has shown that the nursing work environment is a
determining factor. [Kutney-Lee A et al., 2009]. It seems that when patients have
positive experiences of nursing care, nurses also experience a good and healthy work
environment. [Aiken LH et al., 2012]. A healthy work environment can be defined as
a work setting in which nurses are able to both achieve the goals of the organization
and derive personal satisfaction from their work. [Disch J 2002].

Patients’ satisfaction is an essential ingredient in measuring quality healthcare as it

gives insight on the workers’ progress toward patients’ desire. It is a major factor in
patients’ expectations. [Xesfingi S, Vozikis A., 2016]

It was observed that patient satisfaction is affected by the attitude of health workers
toward patients, ability to offer immediate attention, waiting time, ability to send
information, and the tolerance by physicians to plainly explain to the patient what was
wrong before giving detailed message concerning their drugs and the environment.
[Penson DF, Wei JT, 2007]

Research Gap

Satisfaction can be defined as the extent of an individual’s experience compared with

his or her expectations. (Guldvog, 1999) Client’s satisfaction is related to the extent to
which general health care needs and condition-specific needs are met. Evaluating to
what extent clients are satisfied with health services is clinically relevant, as satisfied
clients are more likely to comply with treatment.

According to Donabendian (A., 2000) any health care provider must desire its basic
goals and objectives by offering various clients support services.

Nurses are a pivotal part of the health care system who spend more time with patients
and provide about 80% of primary health care service in the hospital. Hence,
measuring the level of patient satisfaction with nursing care is important to determine
the overall satisfaction of the hospital service provided, and to evaluate whether
patients’ needs and expectations are fulfilled which can help nurses to plan
appropriate nursing interventions for the patients. [Henok Mulugeta, 2019]

Relevance of the Study

The study is focused on the degree of satisfaction of nursing care provided by the staff
nurses among their patients in the environmental quality of facility and quality of
care.

This study will be limited to interviewing the relevant other in behalf of the patient
with regards to nursing care provided by the nurses during their admission in the ward
in relation in environmental quality of facilities and quality of care.

Title or Topic
“LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENT IN NURSING CARE PROVIDED
BY STAFF NURSES IN THE ENVIROMENTAL QUALITY OF FACILITY
AND QUALITY OF CARE IN DIGOS CITY.

“LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY OF FACILITY AND QUALITY OF CARE PROVIDED BY THE
STAFF NURSES IN DIGOS CITY”

“ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF FACILITY AND QUALITY OF CARE

IN THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENTS IN NURSING CARE IN
DIGOS CITY – PROVIDED BY STAFF NURSES.”

Independent Variables:

 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF FACILITY

 QUALITY OF CARE

Dependent Variable

Level of Satisfaction of Patient

ENVIRONMENT
AL QUALITY OF
FACILITY Level Of Satisfaction
Of Patient In Nursing
Care
QUALITY OF
CARE

“LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF PATIENT IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY OF FACILITY AND QUALITY OF CARE PROVIDED BY STAFF
NURSES IN DIGOS CITY.”

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine the level of satisfaction of clients to

nursing care provided by the staff nurses in the environmental quality of facility and
quality of care.
It specifically aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents when grouped by:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Sex;
1.3. Civil Status;
1.4. Educational Attainment;
1.5. Ward?
2. What is the level of satisfaction of patients provided by the staff nurses when
analyzed according to profile variables in terms of the following:
2.1. Environmental Quality of Facility; and
2.2. Quality of Care?
3. Is there a significant difference in the level of satisfaction of patient in the
environmental quality and quality of care provided by staff nurses when analyzed
according to:
3.1. Age;
3.2. Sex;
3.3. Civil Status;
3.4. Educational Attainment;
3.5. Ward?
4. Is there a significant difference in the level of satisfaction of patient in the
environmental quality of facility and quality of care provided by staff nurses when
analyzed according to:
4.1. Age;
4.2. Sex;
4.3. Civil Status;
4.4. Educational Attainment;
4.5. Ward?
5. Is there a significant difference in the level of satisfaction to the nursing care
rendered by nurses in terms of Environmental Quality of Facility and Quality of
care?