VCE Summer Internship Program 2021

Smart Task Submission Format

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Intern’s Details
Name Rachit Gupta

Email-ID rachitgupta1148@gmail.com

Smart Task No. 03

Project Topic Solar PV

Smart Task (Solution)

Task Q1 : Please write down each and every term with the definitions and explanation from any PVSyst Report.

Task Q1 Solution :

These terms are commonly used in a PVSyst report to assess the performance, efficiency, and various factors affecting
the energy production of a PV system.

1. Meteo Data: Meteorological data refers to information related to weather conditions, such as solar radiation,
ambient temperature, wind speed, and other relevant parameters. PVSyst uses this data to simulate the
performance of the PV system.

2. Albedo: Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of the ground surface. In the context of a PVSyst report, it
represents the amount of solar radiation that is reflected by the ground and reaches the PV panels.

3. Backtracking Strategy: Backtracking is a tracking strategy used in PV systems with tracking mechanisms. It
involves adjusting the position of the PV panels to optimize their orientation with respect to the sun's position
throughout the day, maximizing energy production.

4. Tracker Spacing: Tracker spacing refers to the distance between individual solar trackers in a PV system. It
affects the layout and arrangement of the trackers in an array and is an important factor in optimizing energy
production.

5. Array Global Power: Array Global Power represents the total power output of the PV system, taking into
account all the individual modules or panels in the array.

6. Inverter Pack: Inverter Pack refers to the group of inverters used in a PV system. It represents the configuration
and capacity of the inverters installed to convert DC power generated by the panels to AC power for use in the
electrical grid.

7. Array Soiling Loss: Array soiling loss refers to the reduction in energy production due to the accumulation of
dirt, dust, or other contaminants on the PV panels, which can block sunlight and reduce their efficiency.

8. Thermal Loss Factor: The thermal loss factor represents the losses incurred in the PV system due to
temperature effects. It takes into account the decrease in panel efficiency as temperature increases, leading to
a reduction in energy output.

9. Wiring Ohmic Loss: Wiring ohmic loss refers to the energy loss that occurs due to the resistance of the
electrical wiring in the PV system. It accounts for the power dissipated as heat when electricity flows through

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the wiring.

10. Series Diode Loss: Series diode loss represents the energy loss that occurs across the series diodes in the PV
system. Diodes are electronic components that allow current flow in one direction. However, they introduce a
small voltage drop and result in power losses.

11. LID - Light-Induced Degradation: LID is a phenomenon observed in some PV modules, particularly those with
crystalline silicon technology. It refers to the initial decrease in module efficiency due to exposure to light, which
stabilizes over time. PVSyst considers this degradation in its performance calculations.

12. Module Quality Loss: Module quality loss accounts for the decrease in energy production due to lower quality
or degraded PV modules. It can occur due to factors such as manufacturing defects, material degradation, or
module aging.

13. Module Mismatch Loss: Module mismatch loss refers to the reduction in energy output caused by mismatched
characteristics of individual PV modules within an array. Variations in module performance, such as different
current-voltage characteristics, can lead to reduced overall system efficiency.

14. Incidence Effect (IAM): The incidence effect, also known as the incidence angle modifier (IAM), represents the
change in module performance based on the angle at which sunlight strikes the PV module's surface. It
accounts for the variation in energy output with different incident angles of sunlight.

15. Near Shadings: Near shadings refer to obstructions or shading caused by nearby objects such as buildings,
trees, or other structures. PVSyst considers the impact of near shadings on the PV system's energy production.

16. Nominal Power: Nominal power refers to the rated power output of a PV module or an entire PV system under
standard test conditions (STC). It represents the power that the module or system is designed to deliver.

17. Performance Ratio: The performance ratio (PR) is a measure of the overall efficiency and performance of the
PV system. It is calculated as the ratio of the actual energy output of the system to the expected energy output,
considering losses and other factors.

18. Horizontal Global Irradiation: Horizontal global irradiation represents the total solar radiation received on a
horizontal surface. It includes both direct sunlight and diffuse sky radiation.

19. Horizontal Diffuse Irradiation: Horizontal diffuse irradiation refers to the solar radiation received on a horizontal
surface due to scattering and diffusion of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere. It does not include direct sunlight.

20. Ambient Temperature: Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the surrounding air or environment
where the PV system is installed. It affects the performance and efficiency of the PV modules as temperature
changes can impact their electrical characteristics and energy production.

21. Global Incident in Coil Plane: Global incident in coil plane represents the total solar radiation incident on a
specific plane or surface of the PV module or collector. It takes into account both direct sunlight and diffuse sky
radiation.

22. Far Shadings: Far shadings refer to obstructions or shading caused by objects located at a distance from the
PV system. These obstructions can cast shadows on the PV modules and reduce their exposure to sunlight,
affecting energy production.

23. Effective Irradiance on Collectors: Effective irradiance on collectors represents the actual amount of solar
irradiance received by the PV collectors or modules after considering various factors such as shading, soiling,
and other losses.

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24. PV Conversion: PV conversion refers to the process by which sunlight is converted into electricity by the
photovoltaic modules. It involves the use of semiconductor materials within the PV cells to generate a flow of
electrons when exposed to sunlight.

25. Active Energy: Active energy refers to the actual usable electrical energy produced or consumed by the PV
system or any other electrical device. It represents the real power that is transferred to the load.

26. Reactive Energy: Reactive energy, also known as reactive power, is the component of electrical energy that
alternates between the load and the power source without being converted into useful work. It is required for
certain types of equipment but does not contribute to active power or real energy transfer.

500 Words (Max.)

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