JAMIU ABDULHAKEEM SHINA

1. Switch
Functions
 The function of a switch is to either open or close a conductive path
 It is used to control the flow of current though a circuit.
 Switch is used to make or break a circuit.
.

Schematic Diagram for Switch

2. Push Button
Functions
 It is used in electrical automatic control circuits to manually send control signals to
control contactors, relays, electromagnetic starters, etc
 The push button can complete basic controls such as start, stop, forward and reverse
rotation, speed change and interlock.
 One of the function is that it is installed in the machine and instrument in the process of
work, most of the time is in the initial free state position, and only when needed, it is
converted to the second state (position) under the action of external force.

Push Button Schematic Diagram

3. Potentiometer
Function
 They can be used to change the current in a circuit or to decrease the output voltage to
some fraction of the input voltage.
 A potentiometer is used as a voltage divider or variable resistor in a circuit.
 It’s also used to determine the value of a high resistance.

Potentiometer Schematic Diagram

4. Capacitor
Function
 Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass.
 They temporarily store electricity (like a battery) and can charge or discharge in a
fraction of a second.
 They can be used to filter-out and block “direct current” in a wire. Only “alternating
current” will pass through a capacitor.

Capacitor Schematic Diagram

5. Buzzer
Function
 They are used in places where you need something that emits an audible tone
 That is used to get a buzzing or beeping sound when a potential difference is created
or voltage is applied.
 Buzzer Schematic Diagram
6. Crystal
Function
 Crystal is the common term used in electronics for the frequency-determining
component, a wafer of quartz crystal or ceramic with electrodes connected to it.
 Crystals are also used in other types of electronic circuits, such as crystal filters.

Crystal Schematic Diagram

7. Zener diode
Function
 Protects from overvoltage
 Used in clipping circuits
 Used to shift voltage

Zener diode Schematic Diagram

8. Diode
Function
 It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from
flowing in the opposite direction.
 Drawing signals from a supply.
 Controlling the size of a signal.

Diode Schematic Diagram

9. Photo diode
Function
 Photodiodes are used in character recognition circuits.
 Photodiodes are used for the exact measurement of the intensity of light in science
and industry.
 Photodiodes are frequently used for lighting regulation and optical communication.

Photo Diode Schematic Diagram

10. NPN Transistor
Function
 NPN transistors are used in applications where a current sink is required.
 This component is used in amplifying circuits.

NPN transistor Schematic Diagram

11. Battery
Function
 A battery is essentially a source of DC electrical energy.
 It converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical
process.

Battery schematic diagram

12. Resistor
Function
 Resistors are predominantly used to lower the flow of current, divide voltages, block
transmission signals, and bias active elements.
 resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias
active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

Resistor schematic
diagram

13. Fuse
Function
 Electrical fuses play the role of miniature circuit breakers.
 The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive
current and to prevent short circuits or mismatched loads.
 The use of a fuse is to protect the circuit conductors from overloading and/or short
circuit.
 Fuse Schematic Diagram
14. Transformer
Function
 It is used to control the voltage levels between circuits.
 A transformer uses electromagnetic induction to transfer AC current from one circuit to
another while increasing or decreasing voltage.

Transformer Schematic Diagram

15. PNP Transistor
Function
 PNP transistors are used to increase the voltage or current of a signal
 PNP transistors are used when we need to turnoff something by push a button.

PNP transistor Schematic Diagram

16. Relay
Function
 Expanding control range
 Automatic control, remote control, and monitoring
 A relay allows circuits to be switched by electrical equipment
 Relay Schematic Diagram

17. Voltage Regulator

Function
 Voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they
stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
 Voltage regulator converts an unregulated dc voltage into a constant regulated dc
voltage using Zener diode.
 Voltage Regulator Schematic Diagram

18. Light Dependent Resistor

Function

 LDR electronic components that are used to detect light & change the operation of a
circuit dependent upon the light levels.
 These devices are used where there is a need to sense the presence and absence of
light is necessary.
 LDR Schematic Diagram

19. BJT
Function
 Bipolar junction transistors can be used as an amplifier, filter, rectifier, oscillator, or
even a switch, which we cover as an example in the first section.
 A bipolar transistor can be used for switching or amplification by allowing a tiny
current to be injected at one of its terminals and controlling a much greater current
flowing between two other terminals.
 Bipolar Junction Transistors Schematic Diagram

20. Mosfet
Function
 They are widely used for automotive, industrial and communications systems in
particular.
 Mosfets are commonly used in automotive electronics, particularly as switching
devices in electronic control units, and as power converters in modern electric
vehicles.

Mosfet Schematic Diagram