Ujian Akhir Semester

Mata-Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris

Semester: II / Genab Tahun 2022/2023
Dosen : Dr. Ir. Ar. Pierre H. Gosal, MEDS., IPU., IAI
Nama : Johanes River Kowuh
Nim : 220211020092

Musée des Confluences

The Musée des Confluences is a prominent

architectural landmark located at the
confluence of the Rhône and Saône rivers in
Lyon, France. This remarkable museum
showcases the intersections of science,
anthropology, and art, offering visitors a unique and immersive experience. The
building itself is an architectural marvel,
designed by the Austrian firm Coop Himmelbau
and opened to the public in 2014.

The Musée des Confluences stands as a testament to modernity and innovation.

Its distinctive silhouette immediately catches the eye, resembling a crystal cloud
or a futuristic vessel. The structure consists of three main components: the
crystal, the cloud, and the base. Each element serves a specific purpose,
combining to create a striking and functional design.

The Crystal, the museum's central feature, is a vast, transparent cubic volume
made of glass and steel. It stands out as a symbol of knowledge and
transparency, inviting visitors to explore the treasures housed within. The
transparency of the crystal allows natural light to permeate the interior spaces,
creating a harmonious connection between the exhibits and the surrounding
landscape.

Adjacent to the crystal is the cloud, a complex network of overlapping metallic

ribbons that seemingly float above the ground. This ethereal structure acts as a
unifying element, connecting the various exhibition spaces within the museum.
The Cloud houses the museum's auditorium, restaurant, and administrative
areas, and its dynamic form adds a sense of movement and fluidity to the overall
composition.

Beneath the crystal and the cloud lies the base, a solid and robust foundation
that anchors the entire structure. This part of the museum contains the entrance
hall, exhibition spaces, and support facilities. The base serves as a transition zone,
guiding visitors from the urban surroundings into the captivating world of
knowledge and discovery within.

The interior spaces of the Musée des Confluences are equally impressive. Vast
exhibition halls provide a versatile canvas for displaying a diverse range of
artifacts, specimens, and interactive installations. The museum's collection spans
a wide array of subjects, including natural history, anthropology, archaeology,
and technology, offering a comprehensive exploration of human history and the
natural world.

As visitors move through the museum, they encounter a seamless blend of

architecture and exhibition design. The spatial arrangement, lighting, and
materials used contribute to a dynamic and engaging experience. Interactive
displays, multimedia presentations, and immersive installations further enhance
the educational and sensory journey, captivating audiences of all ages.

From an urban planning perspective, the Musée des Confluences plays a

significant role in the revitalization of the Confluence district in Lyon. The
museum's avant-garde architecture has become an iconic symbol of the city's
modern identity and serves as a catalyst for further urban development in the
area.

In conclusion, the Musée des Confluences is a remarkable architectural

masterpiece that seamlessly integrates art, science, and culture. Its bold and
innovative design, characterized by the crystal, the cloud, and the base, creates a
captivating and immersive environment for visitors. This unique museum stands
as a testament to Lyon's commitment to embracing modernity and promoting
knowledge, offering an unforgettable experience that celebrates the confluence
of disciplines and ideas.

Maison Carrée

The Maison Carrée is an exceptional architectural gem located in the city of

Nîmes, France. It stands as one of the
best-preserved ancient Roman temples in the
world, representing the remarkable
craftsmanship and architectural prowess of the
Roman Empire. This iconic structure has captured the imagination of visitors for
centuries, and its significance as a historical and
cultural monument cannot be overstated.

Built in the early 1st century AD, during the reign of Emperor Augustus, the
Maison Carrée was dedicated to his two grandsons, Gaius and Lucius Caesar. The
temple was designed in the Corinthian order, a classical architectural style
characterized by slender columns, ornate capitals, and a triangular pediment. The
Maison Carrée's symmetrical facade and harmonious proportions reflect the
balance and precision that were hallmarks of Roman architectural design.

Approaching the temple, one is immediately struck by its commanding presence.

The Maison Carrée sits atop a raised platform, emphasizing its importance and
providing a visual focal point within the surrounding urban fabric. Its elegant
facade, constructed with local limestone, features six Corinthian columns at the
front and back and eleven on each side, creating a sense of grandeur and
monumentality.

The intricate details of the Maison Carrée's architecture are a testament to the
Roman commitment to perfection. The fluted columns rise to a height of over 10
meters and are adorned with elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves
and volutes. The interplay of light and shadow on these exquisite elements adds
depth and visual interest to the temple's exterior.

The pediments of the Maison Carrée are adorned with decorative reliefs
depicting mythological scenes and symbolic representations. These sculptures,
although now partially damaged, reveal the Roman fascination with storytelling
and their desire to immortalize narratives through art. The high level of
craftsmanship in these reliefs showcases the skill and talent of the ancient
sculptors.

Entering the Maison Carrée, visitors are transported back in time to the glory
days of the Roman Empire. The temple's interior was once a sacred space,
adorned with statues, altars, and dedicatory inscriptions. Though these elements
are no longer present, the sense of awe and reverence that permeates the
temple is palpable.

The Maison Carrée also served as a civic space, hosting public gatherings, political
discussions, and cultural events. The versatility of the design allowed for a
seamless transition between religious ceremonies and secular activities,
reflecting the practicality and adaptability of Roman architecture.

Throughout its long history, the Maison Carrée has undergone several
transformations and adaptations. It served as a Christian church during the
Middle Ages and later housed administrative offices. However, it was during the
19th century that the temple received significant attention and restoration
efforts, ensuring its preservation for future generations to admire.

Today, the Maison Carrée stands as a living testament to the ingenuity and
magnificence of Roman architecture. It has become a symbol of Nîmes, attracting
tourists and scholars alike who marvel at its timeless beauty. The temple's
influence can be seen in numerous architectural projects around the world,
serving as a source of inspiration for architects and designers seeking to capture
the grandeur and elegance of the past.
In conclusion, the Maison Carrée is a masterpiece of ancient Roman architecture.
Its majestic facade, intricate details, and historical significance make it a must-
visit destination for anyone interested in the rich legacy of the Roman Empire. As
a testament to the skill and vision of its creators, the Maison Carrée continues to
captivate and inspire visitors, offering a glimpse into the architectural
achievements of a bygone era.