Synthesized/RF frequency hopping all the TRXs except the BCCH TRX change their frequency for every

TDMA frame according to

the hopping sequence. Thus, the BCCH TRX doesn’t hop. The number of frequencies to hop over is limited to 63, which is the maximum
number of frequencies in the Mobile Allocation (MA) list. Only one hopping sequence number is required, which is valid for all the
hopping TRXs.
Baseband frequency hopping with this the individual TRXs do not change the frequency. Instead the data for one user is moved from
one TRX to another. This technique requires distribution of the base band signal streams between the transceivers of one BTS.
There are two hopping sequence numbers required, one for timeslot 0 and one for the other timeslots. Timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX must
not hop. The information sent on the BCCH timeslot has to be on a fixed frequency. On all other TRXs (one TRX gives one frequency)
the traffic using timeslot 0 may hop (but the number of frequencies to hop over is reduced by one compared to timeslots 1-7. The hopping
sequence for timeslot 0 of non BCCH TRXs is set by the parameter HSN1.The setting 0 indicates cyclic hopping, all other values indicate
pseudorandom hopping. The hopping sequence for all other timeslots is defined by HSN 2
The biggest limitation in baseband hopping is that the number of the hopping frequencies is the same as the number of TRXs. In
synthesized/RF hopping the number of the hopping frequencies can be anything between the number of hopping TRXs and 63. However in
synthesized/RF hopping the BCCH TRX is left completely out of the hopping sequence.
The base station identity code (BSIC), is a code used in GSM to uniquely identify a base station. The code is needed because it is possible
that mobile stations receive the broadcast channel of more than one base station on the same frequency. This is due to frequency re-use in
a cellular network. Each base-station has its own BSIC, this code is at all times transmitted on the broadcast channel, so the mobile stations
can distinguish between base stations. The BSIC is composed of a 3-bit network color code (NCC) and a 3-bit base station color code (BCC).
The NCC is assigned to each network provider so the MS can sort out which base-stations it is allowed to camp on. The NCC of different
providers must be different. BCCHs of each base station are assigned frequencies, no neighbor stations should have same BCCH and BSIC.
Training sequence is a 26-bit pattern often transmitted in Normal Burst of TCH channel for radio link quality estimation and equalization.
In order to verify whether the BCC is correctly decoded or not, it is compared with the TSC at the MS end. BCCH TRX.
1. Used to determine signal distortion and bit error rate. 2. Used for timing Advance (TA) calculation. 3. Used as a channel Identifier. 4.
Used for equalization purpose. The TSC is equipped on a TDMA time slot basis The Training sequence code of timeslot ” 0″ of the BCCH
carrier should be equal to the BCC of the cell. Value Range; 0-7
T3101: The timer starts at the allocation of channel using immediate assignment message. At the seizure of channels by mobile subscriber
the timer is stopped. The timer value is set by network taking into consideration so that it will be higher than max. time for L2
establishment attempt.
T3103: The timer starts when handover message is sent by mobile. It stops when mobile correctly captures the newly assigned channel.
Timer value > max.transmission time of handover command+T3124timer value+max.duration to establish data link in multiframe mode.
T3107: This timer is started by the sending of an ASSIGNMENT COMMAND or a DTM ASSIGNMENT COMMAND message and is
normally stopped when the MS has correctly seized the new RR channels. Its purpose is to release the new channels (and, in the case of
Enhanced DTM CS establishment, the old PS resources) if the MS is lost and, except when used for Enhanced DTM CS Establishment, to
keep the old channel sufficiently long for the MS to be able to return to the previous old channels. Its value is network dependent. It could
be higher than the maximum transmission time of the ASSIGNMENT COMMAND message plus twice the maximum duration of an
attempt to establish a data link multiframe mode.
T3109: Starts at the lower layer failure detection by network. Used for channel release procedure. Purpose is to release the channels when
communication is lost. Its value is network dependent. Its value should be large enough to ensure that the MS detects a radio link failure.
Two Types of Channels: BCH (Signaling) and TCH (Traffic-Full Rate/Half Rate):::::::
Associated Control Channels (ACCH) - Used for signaling associated with calls and call-setup. An ACCH is always allocated in conjunction with
a TCH or a SDCCH.
Broadcast Channels (BCH):::: Transmitted by the BTS to the MS. This channel carries system parameters needed to identify the network,
synchronize time and frequency with the network, and gain access to the network.
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel contains system parameters needed to identify the network and gain access.
These parameters include the LAC/I, CGI, the frequencies of neighboring cells, and access parameters. Carries a repeated pattern of system
information messages that describe the identity, configuration and available features of the BTS.
Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel is used by the MS as a frequency reference. This channel contains
frequency correction bursts. Generates a tone on radio channel that is used by the mobile station to discipline its local oscillator. Repeated 0, 10, 20,
30, 40 of 51 fame multi frame.
Synchronization Channel (SCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel is used by the MS to learn the Base Station Information Code (BSIC) as well as the
TDMA frame number (FN). This lets the MS know what TDMA frame they are on within the hyperframe. Repeated on 1, 11, 21, 31, 41 frames of 51
frame multi frame. 5 times
Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel is not truly its own type of logical channel. The CBCH is for point-to-
omnipoint messages. It is used to broadcast specific information to network subscribers; such as weather, traffic, sports, stocks, etc. Messages can be
of any nature depending on what service is provided. Messages are normally public service type messages or announcements. The CBCH isnt
allocated a slot for itself, it is assigned to an SDCCH. It only occurs on the downlink. The CBCH usually occupies the second subslot of the SDCCH.
The mobile will not acknowledge any of the messages.
Common Control Channels (CCCH):::: CCH Used for signaling between the BTS and the MS and to request and grant access to the network.
Used exclusively for radio resource management. AGCH and RACH together form the medium access mechanism for Um.
Paging Channel (PCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel is used to inform the MS that it has incoming traffic. The traffic could be a voice call, SMS,
or some other form of traffic.
Random Access Channel (RACH) - UPLINK This channel is used by a MS to request an initial dedicated channel from the BTS. This would be the
first transmission made by a MS to access the network and request radio resources. The MS sends an Access Burst on this channel in order to request
access. Counterpart of AGCH
Access Grant Channel (AGCH) - DOWNLINK - This channel is used by a BTS to notify the MS of the assignment of an initial SDCCH for initial
signaling via RACH
Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)::::
Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) - UPLINK/DOWNLINK - This channel is used for signaling and call setup between the MS and
the BTS. Used for LAC updating, initial Call setup, Registration, SMS in idle mode, SMS transfer. It works in UL & DL.
Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) - UPLINK/DOWNLINK - This channel is used for control requirements such as handoffs. There is no
time slot and frame allocation dedicated to a FAACH. The FAACH is a burst-stealing channel, it steals a Timeslot from a Traffic Channel (TCH). In-
call signaling, including call disconnect, handover and later stages for call setup.
Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) - UPLINK/DOWNLINK - This channel is a continuous stream channel that is used for control and
supervisory signals associated with the traffic channels, SACCH. Its normal function is to carry system information messages 5 and 6 on the DL,
carry receiver measurement reports on the UL and to perform closed-loop power and timing control in DL. Also used for in call delivery of SMS.
1. CSSR (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE)
Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment
2. SCR (SUCCESSFULL CALL RATE)
Definition: Rate of calls going until normal release that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP, neither by assignment failures,
and neither by CALL DROP.
3. CALL DROP RATE (CDR) // DROP CALL RATE (DCR)
Definition: Rate of all losses of TCH connections during a call-in relation to the number of successful Call Setups
4. HOSR (HAND OVER SUCCESS RATE)
Definition: Successful internal and external outgoing handovers of total number of internal and external outgoing
handover attempts 12. TCH Availability and without blocked TRX
5. PSR (PAGING SUCCESS RATE)
Definition: Rate of successful paging attempts of total number of paging attempts. The formula is based on NSS point of
view (based on MSC or LAC) 13. RACH Success Rate
6. LOCATION UPDATE SUCCESS RATE Definition: Rate of Successful RACH over the total number of channels required
Definition: Successful location update message received
attempts of total number of location update attempts. The formula is based on NSS point of view.
7. SDCCH BLOCK RATE
Definition: SDCCH congestion of total number of SDCCH seizure attempts
8. SDCCH DROP RATE (SDR)
Definition: Dropped SDCCH connections of total number of SDCCH connections without TCH congestion.
9. TCH ASSIGNMENT BLOCK RATE
Definition: Rate of TCH unsuccessful seizures during assignment procedure due to congestion
10. TCH Assignment Failure Rate (exclude blocking)
Definition: Rate of RTCH seizure failed (system + radio) during normal assignment procedure over the total amount of
RTCH request for normal assignment procedure
11. EMD (Erlang Minute per Drop)
Definition: Total of Erlang minutes (TCH occupation) in one period measurement per drop call (after TCH Assignment).